Welding Defects Photo Album
tutorial for welders and NDT specialists
Prepared by: DSc Dževad Hadžihafizović (DEng)
Sarajevo 2023
Longitudinal crack weld.
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Gack - defect of the welded joint in
the form of a fracture of the metal in
the weld and (or) adjacent zones of the
. welded joint and the base metal.
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~ong crack - weld joínt oriented along the axis of the weld.
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Longitudinal crack weld.
Long crack weld.
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crack oriented acres rhe axis
of the weld
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Cráter crack - crack (longitudinal, transverse, branched) in the crater of
the weld bead (layer).
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Radial crack - severa! cracks of different directions emanating from one
point.
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Branched crack - weld joint crack having branches in different
directíons, ora group of joint crack extending from one common crack. J
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Branched crack weld.
Pore - rounded gas-fllled cavity.
Inclusión - cavity
in a metal filled with gas, slag or a
foreígn metal; generalízed name of
pores, slag and tungsten inclusions.
defect in the form of a caviry or cavíry,
formed during shrinkage of mol ten metal during crystallization.
Cráter,
Shriukage
caviry -
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Worm-hole weld.
defect in the form of a funnel or tubular recess in the
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U ndercut - sharp conical recesses at the boundary of the surface of
the weld with the base metal.
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Burn-through - a defect in the form of a through hole in the weld
formed due to leakage of part of the mol ten metal of the weld pool during
welding.
Ovcrlap - defect in the form of metal leakíng during welding onto the
surface of the welded parts.
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Uneven seam
excessive variation
width.
width in seam
Incorrect wcld profilc - too small an angle (a) between the surface of
the base metal and the plane tangent to the surface of the weld.
Local wcld penctration
cxce
local excess melt (on the lnslde of a
¡one-sided searn).
Fract ure of axe of part . Corncr di placement - the offset
between the two parts to be welded, in whtch their flat surfaces are not
parallel,
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Spatter - a defect in the form of
hardened drops of molten metal on the
surface of welded or deposited parts
with or wíthout the formatíon of a
crystalllne bond with the base metal.
\\ cid flakc - transverse or
rounded (in case of automatíc
submerged are weldíng,
elongated-rounded) recesses
on the surface of the roller,
formed due to uneven
solidlfícatlon of the weld pool
metal (estírnated by maxlrnum
depth).
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Dccpcning bctwccn thc wcld
bcad - longitudinal hollow
between two adjacent beads
(layers) of the seam (estlmated by
I maximurn
depth).
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Lack of fu ion - defect in the form of non-fusion in the weld
due to incomplete fusion of the edges of the base metal or the surfaces
of previously made weld beads .
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(iñck offusion.
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defect in the form of violation of the continuity of
fusion of the weld metal wíth the base metal.
Exfoliatlon -
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Exccss wcld rcinforccmcnt
(s) of the butt weld.
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excess weld metal on the front side
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Excc
convcxity
- excess
d metal on the front side of the
et weld.
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Fillct wcld a ymmctry
smatch of the actual value of the
nt leg to the design value.
Root convcxiry - the part of the one-sided weld from the root slde,
protruding above the level of the surfaces of the welded parts (estlmated by
the maximum height of the location of the surface of the root of the seam
above the specífled level).
Root concavity - defect in the form of a recess on the surface of the
ack side of the welded one-sided seam (evaluated by the maximum depth
~ f the surface location of the root of the seam from the level of the location
of the surfaces of the welded parts).
I the edge of which to the edge of any neíghborlng inclusion is not less than
the maximum wldth of each of the two inclusions considered, but not less
than three times the maximum inclusion size with a lower value of this
indicator (of the two considered).
Maxinuun inclu ion
izc - the greatest distance (a) between the
points of the externa) switchlng círcult. The maximum inclusion wldth
is the largest distance (b) between two poínts of the external inclusion
circuir, measured in the direction perpendicular to the maximum
inclusion slze.
Lot of inclu ions - two or more inclusions (pores, slag and other
inclusions) the mínimum distance between the edges of which is less than
established for single ínclusíons, but not less than the maximum
wídth of each of any two considered adjacent ínclusíons.
lncomplcte cdgc prcparation - longitudinal
continuous or lntermittent surface
concavity weld due to
Uneven weld surface - excessíve roughness of the outer surface of the seam.
lnsufflcíent filler metal
Poor wcld rcnewal - local surface roughness at the place where
welding resumes.
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I DEFECT PHOTOS FOR SELF CONTROL I