HIV /AIDS
Use standard precautions
HIV is also known as human immunode ciency virus
AIDS is also known as acquired immune de ciency syndrome
A pandemic is a global epidemic affecting all people
Retrovirus is an RNA virus, which uses reverse transcriptase to become
DNA in a host cell
Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products
usually within 4 to 7 weeks
HIV can be spread through
Anal or vaginal sex, being the receiver is riskiest
Sharing needles or syringes
Mother to child through pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding
Contaminated needle from a healthcare worker
Oral sex
Blood blood products, organ/tissue transplant
T cell or CD4 cell is the main sale of the immune system
HIV infects these cells
A high CD4 count is good. It means you’re immune function is OK.
A low CD4 count is bad. It means you have decreased immune function.
When someone has AIDS, it deplete their helper, T cells, CD4 cells, and
macrophages
There are different classi cations for someone with aids or HIV, and their
CD4 / T cell count
Greater than or equal to 500 - 29% or more, stage 1
Between 200 and 499 - 14 and 28%, stage 2
Less than 200 - less than 14%, stage 3 - has AIDS de ning illness
Also less than 200=AIDS dx, remember this.
You should be alarmed when:
they have a cd4 <200
Raising viral load
Declining health - fever, night sweats, fatigue, malaise
Not on prophylactic anabiotic’s or antiretrovirals
Persistent/ severe fever, cough, diarrhea, headache, weight loss
New neuro de cits - focal de cits, mental status changes, seizures
Prophylaxis
PrEP - preexposure prophylaxis
These are used in high-risk populations
The people who should take it daily it’s Holly effective for prevention of
HIV only
Men who have sex with me in, heterosexually, active men and women,
injecting drug users, serodiscordant relationships
How long do I have to take it before it provides maximum protection?
If receiving anal sex, you should be on PREP for 7 days before
Is receiving vaginal sex you should be on a PREP for 20 days before
If you use injectable drugs, you should be on PREP for 20 days before
PEP - Post exposure prophylaxis
Occupational exposure, non-occupational exposure, sexual assault
S/S:
Acute: fever, night sweats,
chills, muscle aches
Infection: opportunistic,
protozoa, fungal, bacterial,
viral (like thrush/ oral
candidas)
Malignancies: kaposis
sarcoma, malignant
lymphoma’s, invasive cancer,
HPV
Endocrine complications
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