Taxonomy
Classification
• In the 1730’s Carolus • The first part of the
Linnaeus, a swedish
name is the genus
botonist, developed
with the second part
a two-word naming
of the name
system called
referring to the
binomial
species.
nomenclature.
• i.e. Homo sapien
Classification
• Linnaeus also developed
a classification system
which included seven
hierarchical taxa:
• Keep = Kingdom
Pond = Phylum
Clean = Class
Or = Order
Froggy = Family
Gets = Genus
Sick = species
Classification
Classification
• Sometimes
classification keys
are used to identify
organisms by traits
that are visible.
• However today
scientists look at how
closely members of
groups are related.
• Phylogeny is the study
of how living and
extinct organisms are
related to one another.
• A clade is a group of
species that includes a
single common
ancestor and all
descendants of that
ancestor.
Classification
• Cladograms are
diagrams that link
groups of organisms by
showing how
evolutionary lines, or
lineages, branched off
from common
ancestors.
Classification
• Derived character is
a trait that arose in
the most recent
common ancestor of
a particular lineage
and passed to its
descendants.