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Jawab SEMUA soalan.
Answer ALL questions.
1.
Rasuk yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1 diperbuat daripada keluli dengan tegasan
normal dibenarkan 𝜎allow = 150 MPa dan tegasan ricih dibenarkan 𝜏allow = 80 MPa.
The beam shown in Figure 1 is made from steel having an allowable normal stress of
𝜎allow = 150 MPa and an allowable shear stress of 𝜏allow = 80 MPa.
(a) Pilih keratan rentas W360 daripada jadual keratan di dalam LAMPIRAN A yang
boleh menyokong beban P dengan selamat yang bertindak ke atas rasuk terjulur.
Beban menumpu P dinyatakan di dalam Jadual 1 (setiap pelajar mempunyai nilai P
yang berbeza mengtikut nombor pendaftaran pelajar).
Select the lightest W360 shape section from the section table in APPENDIX A that
can safely support the loading P acting on the overhanging beam. A concentrated
load P is indicated in Table 1 (every student has different value of P according to
the matrix number).
(15 markah)
(15 marks)
(b) Semak jika bentuk keratan W250 x 58 boleh menyokong beban yang bertindak ke
atas rasuk dengan selamat bagi beban P yang sama seperti dalam Jadual 1.
Investigate if a W250  58 shape section can safely support the loading acting on
the overhanging beam for the same load P shown in Table 1.
(10 markah)
(10 marks)
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P kN
Rajah 1
(Figure 1)
Jadual 1
(Table 1)
No.
Students’ Matrix
Number
P (kN)
1
A1XXXX0
52
2
A1XXXX1
55
3
A1XXXX2
58
4
A1XXXX3
60
5
A1XXXX4
63
6
A1XXXX5
66
7
A1XXXX6
69
8
A1XXXX7
71
9
A1XXXX8
74
10
A1XXXX9
77
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2.
Papan tanda seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah 2 adalah tertakluk kepada beban
angin teragih seragam W. Beban angin teragih seragam W dinyatakan di dalam Jadual
2 (setiap pelajar mempunyai nilai W yang berbeza mengikut nombor pendaftaran
pelajar). Jika diameter tiang penyokong adalah 100 mm,
The signboard as shown in Figure 2 is subjected to the uniform wind loading W. A
uniform wind load W is indicated in Table 2 (every student has different value of W
according to the matrix number). If the diameter of the supporting post is 100 mm,
(a) Tentukan daya dalaman pada keratan rentas A-A.
Determine the internal loadings at section A-A.
(15 markah)
(15 marks)
(b) Tentukan komponen tegasan pada titik A, B, C dan D.
Determine the stress components at points A, B, C and D.
(10 markah)
(10 marks)
(c) Tunjukkan keputusan di atas elemen isipadu pada semua lokasi titik A, B, C dan D
tersebut.
Show the results on the volume element located at each of these A, B, C and D
points.
(10 markah)
(10 marks)
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W kPa
Section A-A
Rajah 2
(Figure 2)
Jadual 2
(Table 2)
No.
Students’ Matrix
Number
W (kPa)
1
A1XXXX0
1.0
2
A1XXXX1
1.2
3
A1XXXX2
1.4
4
A1XXXX3
1.6
5
A1XXXX4
1.8
6
A1XXXX5
2.0
7
A1XXXX6
2.2
8
A1XXXX7
2.4
9
A1XXXX8
2.6
10
A1XXXX9
2.6
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3.
Rasuk I seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3 adalah tertakluk kepada beban teragih
seragam W (Jadual 3 menunjukkan nilai W yang berbeza bagi setiap pelajar mengikut
nombor matriks pelajar). Dengan mengabaikan saiz filet dan tegasan menumpu,
The I-beam shown in Figure 3 is subjected to distributed loading W (Table 3 indicate
different values of W for every student according to the students’ matrix number). By
neglecting the size of the fillets and stress concentrations,
(a) Tentukan daya dalaman dan komponen tegasan pada titik C
Determine the internal loading and stress components at point C.
(10 marks)
(b) Tentukan tegasan principal pada titik C yang berada pada atas web menggunakan
bulatan Mohrs. Tunjukkan orientasi elemen di bawah tegasan principal.
Determine the principal stresses at C which lies at the top of the web using Mohr's
circle. Show the orientation of the element subjected to the principal stresses.
(10 markah)
(10 marks)
(c) Tunjukkan garisan rambatan kemungkinan kegagalan (lengkokan atau mampatan)
jika tegasan prinsipal melebihi kekuatan muktamad rasuk.
Show the possible failure (buckling or squashing) line propagation at C if the
principal stresses exceeded the ultimate strength of the beam.
(5 markah)
(5 marks)
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W kN/m
C
0.5 m
2m
I = 41.39 (10-6) m4
15 mm
C
N
10 mm
A
100 mm
200 mm
15 mm
Cross section of the beam
Rajah 3
(Figure 3)
Jadual 3
(Table 3)
No.
Students’
Matrix Number
W (kN/m)
1
A1XXXX0
160
2
A1XXXX1
165
3
A1XXXX2
120
4
A1XXXX3
125
5
A1XXXX4
130
6
A1XXXX5
135
7
A1XXXX6
140
8
A1XXXX7
145
9
A1XXXX8
150
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10
A1XXXX9
155
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4.
Beban menegak P dikenakan ke atas keluli aloi seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam Rajah
4. Jadual 4 menunjukkan jenis keluli aloi, penyokong tiang dan ketinggian tiang
(mengikut nombor pendaftaran pelajar). Titik tengah tiang berembat mudah dengan dua
kabel yang menghalang lengkokan pada paksi lemah.
An axial load P is applied on the steel alloys column shown in Figure 4. Table 4 shows
the type of the steel alloys, column supports and column height (is according to the
student matrix number). The mid-point of the column is simply braced by two cables
that prevent buckling about the weak axis.
(a) Lukis bentuk lengkokan pada paksi x-x dan y-y dan nyatakan faktor tinggi efektif,
K untuk setiap paksi lengkokan.
Draw the buckling shapes about x–x and y–y axes and state the effective length
factor, K for each buckling axis.
(6 markah)
(6 marks)
(b) Tentukan nilai kritikal beban menegak P.
Determine the critical value of the axial load P.
(12 markah)
(12 marks)
(c) Semak sama ada tiang akan mengalami lengkokan atau alah.
Check either the column will buckle or yield.
(7 markah)
(7 marks)
Take A = 7.4  10–3 m2, Ix = 87.3  10–6 m4 and Iy = 18.8  10–6 m4.
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Z1
Z2
Rajah 4
(Figure 4)
Jadual 1
(Table 1)
Students’
No. Matrix
Number
Steel Alloys
Column Supports
Column Height
(m)
Z1 (m)
Z2 (m)
1
A165447
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
2
A166771
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
3
A179345
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
4
A179825
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
5
A180004
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
6
A180007
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
7
A180012
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
8
A180025
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
9
A180041
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
10
A180044
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
11
A180046
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
12
A180050
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
13
A180131
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
14
A180200
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
15
A180201
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
16
A180295
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
17
A180367
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
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bersambung (continued) ….
18
A180400
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
19
A180401
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
20
A180409
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
21
A180428
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
22
A180484
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
23
A180544
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
24
A180580
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
25
A180602
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
26
A180643
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
27
A180648
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
28
A180698
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
29
A180758
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
30
A180773
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
31
A180818
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
32
A180868
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
33
A180880
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
34
A180909
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
35
A180958
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
36
A180977
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
37
A180983
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
38
A181037
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
39
A181090
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
40
A181091
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
41
A181118
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
42
A181140
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
43
A181141
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
44
A181208
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
45
A181214
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
46
A181304
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
47
A181325
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
48
A181801
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
49
A181976
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
50
A182781
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
51
A181332
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
52
A181391
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
53
A181456
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
54
A181556
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
55
A181557
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
56
A181565
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
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bersambung (continued) ….
57
A181602
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
58
A181695
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
59
A181739
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
60
A181772
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
61
A181945
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
62
A181983
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
63
A182010
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
64
A182048
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
65
A182075
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
66
A182162
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
67
A182180
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
68
A182216
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
69
A182270
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
70
A182303
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
71
A182361
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
72
A182366
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
73
A182400
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
74
A182425
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
75
A182450
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
76
A182589
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
77
A182798
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
78
A182833
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
79
A182901
Structural A36
Fixed both sides
4
4
80
A182918
Stainless 304
Pinned both sides
4
5
81
A178743
Structural A36
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
82
A179010
Stainless 304
Fixed both sides
4
4
83
A182802
If not in the
list
Structural A36
Pinned both sides
4
5
Stainless 304
Pinned at top and fixed at the bottom
5
4
84
‘SELAMAT BERJAYA’
‘GOOD LUCK’
“
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LAMPIRAN A
(APPENDIX A)
Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes
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KKSB2122
LAMPIRAN (bersambung)
(APPENDIX) (Continued)
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