BUILDING CONSTRUCTION DEPATMENT
JAMUI, BIHAR
INTERSHIP REPORT
Duration: Six week (20 Dec. -30 Jan.)
Submitted by:
Under Guidance of:
Gulshan Kumar
Er. Sandeep Kumar
INTRODUCTION
I have undertaken my field training of six week in “Building Construction
Department” , Under the guidance of Er Sandeep Kumar.
The project is Construction of Prefabricated buildinding over the main
collectorate building .
This project is under Building and construction department jamui, bihar.
ABOUT THE PROJECT
PREFABRICATED STRUCTURE
• A prefabricated building, informally a prefab, is a building
that is manufactured and constructed using prefabrication.
• It consists of factory-made components or units that are
transported and assembled on-site to form the complete
building.
• PREFABRICATED UNITS MAY INCLUDE DOORS,
STAIRS, WINDOW WALLS, WALL PANELS, FLOOR
PANELS, ROOF TRUSSES, ROOM-SIZED
COMPONENTS, AND EVEN ENTIRE BUILDINGS.
• PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION OFFERS MANY
BENEFITS, FROM GREATER DURABILITY AND
GUARANTEED QUALITY TO LOWER COSTS AND
HIGHER GREEN CREDENTIALS.
ADVANTAGES OF PREFABRICATED STRUCTURE
• Saves construction time. One of the biggest benefits that prefab offers is quicker construction
compared to the conventional way of building a project.
• Cost-effective.
• Reduces ecological pressure. ...
• Lengthier planning process. ...
• Quality issues. ...
• Risk of damage. ...
• Inefficient assembling.
DISADVANTAGES OF PREFABRICATED STRUCTURE
• Leakage occurs in joints in prefabricated parts.
• For huge prefabricated parts, transportation costs can
be high.
• To ensure affordability through prefabrication, increased
production volume is required.
• Initial costs for construction are higher.
• The initial production of designs is time-consuming.
SITE PHOTOS
SITE - II
MEASUREMENT OF COLLECTORATE CAMPUS
• Measurement of walls, floors, window, doors, meeting halls,
height etc is being done.
• For measurement measuring tape is used.
SOME MEASUREMENT UNITS AND RULES
• Sl. No. Civil Construction Works
FPS
• 1
Earthwork (Excavation )
CUM (M3)
• 2
Back filling , Murrum filling
CUM (M3)
• 3
Plain Cement Concrete
CUM (M3) or SQM (M2)
• 4
GSB Filling /Rubble Solling
CUM (M3) or SQM (M2)
• 5
RCC Concrete (Footing,Column ,Beam)
CUM (M3)
• 6
RCC Concrete (Slab, Grade slab ,Lofts slab , Chajjas, Pardi )
SQM (M2)
• 7
Brick Masonry (width above 230 mm )
CUM (M3)
• 8
Brick Masonry (width up to 230 mm )
SQM (M2)
• 9
Flooring
SQM (M2)
• 10
Plastering
SQM (M2)
• 11
Reinforcement Steel
KG
CONSISTENCY TEST
• In order to find initial setting time, final setting time, strength and soundness
of the cement, a parameter termed as standard consistency is required.
• “STANDARD CONSISTENCY” is defined as consistency of cement paste
which permits ‘VICATS PLUNGER’ of dia 10mm and height 50mm to
penetrate in the mould upto the depth of 33-35mm from top or 5-7 mmfrom
bottom.
• This test is performed at temperature of 27 degree celcius and humidity of
90%.
• The purpose of this test is to find water content required to prepare cement
paste of standard consistency.
• In order to perform this test 500g of cement sample is mixed with 24% of water by wt. in
the first trial and the paste formed is filled in the mould and depth of pentration of
plunger in mould is noted.
W(%)
h(mm)
24
20
26
25
27
30
.
.
.
.
p
33-35
SETTING TIME TEST
• Initial Setting Time:
• Initial time of Cement is the time required by the cement for its early setting.
Cement must be applied to the place of its use before its initial setting so it is
necessary to find out the initial setting time that is available with us.
• Vicat's apparatus is the standard apparatus used to find out this initial setting
time. Look in the figure above, there is a needle of diameter 1 mm. This needle is
fixed to the movable rod weight.
• The cement paste of normal consistency is formed and is filled in the mould.
Now the needle is made just touch the top surface of the cement paste and
made freely fall in it. Initial setting time is the time from the mixing of the cement
and the water to the time when the penetration of the needle is just above 5
mm from the bottom of the base plate or mold.
• Generally the initial setting time of the ordinary Portland cement is 30
minutes. For Slow setting cement this time may be increased by adding the
admixtures or Gypsum up to 60 minutes.
• Similarly, for the final setting time we have to use the third needle which
has a enlarged 5mm hollow cylindrical base. The final setting time is the
time from the mixing of the water to the time when this needle just
makes the impression on the surface of the cement but do not penetrate
into it. Generally the final setting time of cement (OPC) is 10 hrs to 12
hrs.
SOUNDNESS TEST OF CEMENT
• The soundness test determines whether hardened cement paste is prone
to excessive expansion by boiling the test specimens for a fixed period of
time.
• The soundness of cement is mainly tested by two methods: EN-196
(1995), which is based on the Le Châtelier test method, and the autoclave
test (ASTM-C151, 2015), in which pressure is also applied to the sample.
• The soundness values for hardened cement paste specimens produced
with 2.5–6% CS (Alp et al., 2008) showed an average reduction of 13% in
expansion when compared to control specimens without CS.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF CEMENT,
CONCRETE, BRICK
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF CEMENT
• The compressive strength of cement gives the idea about the basic cement
strength. It gives the assurance for using.
• From this test, you can find how much cement is required and how much
strength it will get. The compressive strength of cement is also the basic data
needed for mix design.
• Cement, basically is known by its compressive strength. Cement is identified by
its grade like 53 grade, 43 grade, 33 grade of cement. This grade indicates the
compressive strength of cement, i.e. 53 grade of cement indicates that
compressive strength of cement cube after 28 days of curing will be 53 N/mm2
(MPa) or 530 kg/cm2.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COCRETE
• Compressive strength is the ability of material or structure to carry the loads on
its surface without any crack or deflection. A material under compression tends
to reduce the size, while in tension, size elongates.
• Compressive strength of concrete depends on many factors such as watercement ratio, cement strength, quality of concrete material, quality control during
the production of concrete, etc.
• Test for compressive strength is carried out either on a cube or cylinder. Various
standard codes recommend a concrete cylinder or concrete cube as the
standard specimen for the test.
• Compressive strength formula for any material is the load applied at the point of
failure to the cross-section area of the face on which load was applied.
Compressive Strength = Load / Cross-sectional Area
Procedure: Compressive Strength Test of Concrete Cubes
• For cube test two types of specimens either cubes of 15cm X 15cm X 15cm or
10cm X 10cm x 10cm depending upon the size of aggregate are used. For most
of the works cubical molds of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm are commonly used.
• This concrete is poured in the mold and appropriately tempered so as not to
have any voids. After 24 hours, molds are removed, and test specimens are put in
water for curing. The top surface of these specimen should be made even and
smooth. This is done by placing cement paste and spreading smoothly on the
whole area of the specimen.
• These specimens are tested by compression testing machine after seven days
curing or 28 days curing. Load should be applied gradually at the rate of 140
kg/cm2 per minute till the Specimens fails. Load at the failure divided by area of
specimen gives the compressive strength of concrete
Concrete cubes
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF BRICK
• Compressive strength test on bricks are carried out to determine the
load carrying capacity of bricks under compression with the help of
compression testing machine.
• Bricks are generally used for construction of load bearing masonry walls,
columns and footings. These load bearing masonry structures experiences
mostly the compressive loads. Thus, it is important to know the
compressive strength of bricks to check for its suitability for construction.
• Compression testing machine, the compression plate of which shall have
ball seating in the form of portion of a sphere center of which coincides
with the centre of the plate.
Compressive strength on brick using Compressin Testing Machine