DIABETES INSIPIDUS
By Natalia Pastushok 10112
Definition
Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disorder that
causes an imbalance of fluids in the body. This
imbalance leads you to produce large amounts of urine.
It also makes you very thirsty even if you have
something to drink
While most people make 1 to 3 quarts of urine a day,
people with diabetes insipidus can make up to 20
quarts of urine a day
People with this disorder need to urinate frequently,
it`s called polyuria
CAUSES
Central diabetes insipidus
• damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland from surgery,
infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head trauma
• an autoimmune disorder
• rare genetic conditions
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
• occurs when there's a defect in the structures in your kidneys
that makes your kidneys unable to properly respond to ADH
(failure of ADH receptor)
• blockage of the urinary tract
• electrolyte imbalances
• an inherited gene mutation
• chronic kidney disease
Signs and symptoms of diabetes
insipidus include:
• Being extremely thirsty
• Producing large amounts of pale
urine
• Frequently needing to get up to
urinate during the night
• Preferring cold drinks
Possible symptoms in infant or young child
include:
• Bed-wetting
• Trouble sleeping
• Fever
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Delayed growth
• Weight loss
DIAGNOSIS
Urine gravity test
• sample of urine to test for salt and other waste
concentrations. If you have diabetes insipidus, your urine
sample will have a high concentration of water and a low
concentration of other waste
Water deprivation
test
• The test involves not drinking any liquids for several hours. A
doctor will measure how much urine you pass, check your
weight, and monitor changes in your blood and urine
Magnetic
resonance imaging
• a machine takes an image of your brain tissue using magnets
and radio waves to see if there’s any brain tissue damage
that’s causing DI
Genetic screening
• may be performed to look for an inherited form of diabetes
insipidus based on your family history
COMPLICATIONS
Dehydration
• Dry mouth
• Changes in skin
elasticity
• Thirst
• Fatigue
Electrolyte
imbalance
• Weakness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle cramps
• Confusion
TREATMENT
There's no cure for diabetes insipidus. But treatments can relieve your thirst
and decrease your urine output and prevent dehydration
Central
diabetes
insipidus
• desmopressin. This medication replaces the missing
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and decreases urination
• drugs stimulating ADH secretion (chlorpropamide,
carbamezepine)
• If a brain tumor or growth is the cause of your CDI,
surgery may be indicated
Nephrogenic
diabetes
insipidus
• diuretic medicines called thiazides to help reduce the
amount of urine your kidneys make
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such
as indomethacin
• drink water only when you’re thirsty
What is the difference
between diabetes insipidus
and diabetes mellitus?
• Despite having similar
symptoms and names,
diabetes insipidus (DI)
and diabetes mellitus
are completely
unrelated diseases