Physical Education and Health Sports •Sports play a vital role in keeping the society active. •Sports have become part of our society. Different Sports Categories •Sports categorized into the following: •Individual sports •Dual sports •Team sports •Outdoor •Challenge •Extreme sports Individual Sports •An individual sport is one in which a single individual participates, most often to perform to the best of his or her ability. •Sports such as boxing, fencing, swimming, gymnastics, and taekwondo. •Many of these sports are considered “lifetime sports”. •Lifetime sports are sports activities that people can enjoy throughout life as they are low-impact and less strenuous. Dual or Partner Sports •A dual sport is a sport that can be done with another person; it is also called partner. •Example of dual sports are tennis, table tennis, badminton. •This type of sports can be played with only two individuals in a team. •Dual sports also can be considered as a lifetime sports. Team Sports •A team sport is a sport in which a group of more than two individuals work together to defeat an opposing group of the same number of individuals. •The outcome of the competition is most often the result of the collective effort of the group as opposed to the individual effort of a single individual. •Team sports require teammates, and often, special pieces of equipment and courts or playing venues. •The most commonly recognized team sports are basketball, volleyball, and football. Outdoor, Challenge, or Extreme Sports •Some recreational activities such as mountain biking, rock climbing or hiking are considered as sport and are sometimes referred to as outdoor or challenge sports. •Activities such as free diving, motocross, and whitewater kayaking are often referred to as extreme sports. •A person needs prerequisite skills and fitness levels to actively participate in sports. •It is important to note that when you are preparing for a competition or an event, you must exercise and practice regularly before the events as practicing will help you improve your performance and avoid injuries. •There are still many so-called weekend athletes, or people who participate in sports even without regular exercise and practice. •Here are some of examples of injuries that you might get if you are not fit enough: •Injuries from physical contact (in martial arts or team sports) •Injuries due to fast sprinting (baseball, softball, soccer, Frisbee) •Injuries due to sudden fast starts and stop (track, basketball) •Injuries due to vigorous jumping (basketball, volleyball, high jump, soccer) •Injuries due to bad falls (martial arts, skateboard) •Injuries due to overstretching of muscles (tennis) Three energy systems •Responsible for energy generation •Phosphagen system – it is through this system that muscles obtain energy the fastest. •Anaerobic system – this system is responsible for an aerobic glycolysis, which provides energy that keeps muscles contracting. •In anaerobic glycolysis, glycogen or glucose is broken down to produced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) without using oxygen. •Aerobic system -this system provides the energy needed to produced movement. •This system can provide much more energy that phosphagen and anaerobic systems. Health Behavior • Health behavior is defined as an activity initiated by an individual to maintain or enhance his or her health to prevent health problems or to achieve a positive body image. • Health behavior includes activities done by people with no diagnosis of disease those who are taking positive pursuits to maintain healthy body. Sleep: Food for the Brain • Sleep, plays a major role in ensuring good health and wellbeing of an individual. • It recharges your brain, helps repair cells, and aids the body in releasing important hormones. • Despite the many positive effects of sleep, however, it is still often overlooked as critical component in healthy living. Consequences • Limits your ability to study, listen, focus, and solve problems; • Makes you forget important information such as names and dates; • Increases your propensity to get pimples, acne, and other skin problems; • Leads to agitation, irritability, aggressiveness, or inappropriate behavior; • Causes overeating; and • Increases your vulnerability to illness. Hit the Sack: Suggestions to Get Enough Sleep • Prioritize getting enough sleep. • Taking naps at the right time can make you work effectively and efficiently. • Design your room to have a “sleepy” atmosphere by keeping it cool, quite, and dark. • No sleeping pills, supplements and vitamins, or drinks can substitute for good sleep. • Stick to a regular bed and wake-up time, even on weekends. • Do not consume food or engage in any physical activity when bedtime is near. Stress Management •Stress is basically “a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances.” and it is exceedingly ordinary to teenagers like you. Effects of Stress • Feeling nervous or anxious • Feeling tired • Procrastinating or neglecting responsibilities • Feeling overwhelmed • Having negative thoughts and changes in sleeping habits • Problems in concentrating and eating habits (eating to much or too little) Ways to Manage the Stress •Do some physical activities •Get enough sleep •Balance your life •Spend time to help other people •Find someone to talk with Relationship of Health Behaviors and Behavioral Risk Factors • Behavioral Risk Factors –are behavior patterns that adversely affect one’s health. • They increase the probability of having a disease, a disability, or even a syndrome. • Example of behavioral risk factors are smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, sexual activity. Major Behavioral Risk Factors • Some behavioral factors affect the health of individual later in life. • Cigarette Smoking –is one of the leading causes of cardiorespiratory disease in the Philippines according to the Department of Health (DOH). • Effects of Secondhand Smoke –According the several studies, exposure to secondhand smoke has serious health consequences. • Secondhand Smoke exposure has been linked to an increase in having heart disease among adults. Alcohol Consumption • According to recent data published by Euromonitor International (a market research firm), Filipinos can outdrink the rest of the world, except South Koreans and Russians. • Long term excessive alcohol drinking increases possibility for high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythm, heart muscles disorders, stroke. • It also increases one’s risk of contracting esophagus, mouth, throat, colon, and rectum cancer. • The consequence of excessive consumption go beyond death rates and increased susceptibility to diseases. Underage Alcohol Consumption •Under Philippine laws, the legal drinking age is 18 years old and above. •According to a study done by alcoholrehab.com, it is estimated that 60 percent of the Filipinos will have at least tried alcohol before reaching that legal age. Reasons • Individuals who start drinking at a young age are most likely to develop alcoholism later in their life. • They are in danger of having mental and physical health problems. Alcohol hinders normal development during teenage years. • Drinking prevents young people from performing well at school. • Alcoholism may sometimes lead to drug experimentation. • Drinking at a young age could lead to promiscuous sexual behavior that could result to unplanned pregnancies or sexual assault. • Alcoholics are more likely to commit crimes or become victims of crime. Obesity •According to a survey done by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI), 22 percent of some 100 million Filipino adults are overweight and 6 percent are obese. Physical Inactivity •According to the WHO, physical inactivity is the third leading risk factors (trailing only high blood pressure at 13 percent and tobacco use at 9 percent but tied with high blood glucose at 6 percent) for global mortality, causing 6 percent of all deaths world wide.