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CHAPTER-I-PPE-JEMJEM

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POWER PLANT ENGINEERING DESIGN
PART I: PEAK LOAD
1.1 DAILY LOAD CURVE
LOAD CURVE
Series 1
Column1
Column2
GENSET
NO.
1
90 000
80 000
70 000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
1.2 DAILY LOAD DEMAND
90,000 kW Diesel Power Plant
TIME
LOAD (kW)
TIME
LOAD (kW)
1:00 AM
9,000
1:00 PM
53,000
2:00 AM
11,000
2:00 PM
60,000
3:00 AM
18,000
3:00 PM
67,000
4:00 AM
24,000
4:00 PM
59,000
5:00 AM
31,000
5:00 PM
55,000
6:00 AM
35,000
6:00 PM
49,000
7:00 AM
41,000
7:00 PM
42,000
8:00 AM
51,000
8:00 PM
37,000
9:00 AM
66,000
9:00 PM
26,000
10:00 AM
69,000
10:00 PM
19,000
11:00 AM
88,275
11:00 PM
12,000
12:00 NN
62,000
12:00 MN
7,000
1.3. SCHEDULE OF OPERATION
1:00 AM
Generator No. 1 starts to operate.
2:00 AM
Generator No. 2 starts to operate with Generator No. 1.
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
Generator No. 3 starts to operate with Generator No.
1 and Generator No. 2.
Generator No. 4 starts to operate with Generator
No.1, No. 2 and No. 3.
Generator No. 5 starts to operate with Generator
No.1, No.2, No. 3 and No. 4.
Generator No. 6 starts to operate with Generator
No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4, and No. 5.
Generator No, 7 starts to operate with Generator
No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4, No.5, and No. 6.
Generator No. 8 starts to operate with Generator
No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4, No.5, No. 6 and No. 7
Generator No. 9 and No. 10 starts to operate with
Generator No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4, No.5, No. 6, No. 7 and
No. 8
12:00 PM
Generator No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 stops to while
Generator No.4, No.5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No.
10 continues to run.
1:00 PM
Generator No. 4 stops to operate while Generator
No.5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10 continues to
run.
2:00 PM
Generator No. 2 and No. 3 start running again together
with Generator No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10
while Generator No. 5 stops.
3:00 PM
Generator No. 1 and No.4 start running again together
with Generator No. 2, No 3, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 and No.
10 while Generator Number 6 stops.
Generator No. 7 will stops to operate while Generator
4:00 PM
No. 1, No. 2, No 3, No, 4 No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10 will
continue to run.
Generator No. 5 and No. 6 will start to operate with
6 :00 PM
Generator No. 1, No. 2, No 3, and No, 4 while Generator
No. 8, No.9, and No. 10 will stop.
Generator No. 1 will stop operating while Generator
7:00 PM
No. 2, No 3, No, 4, No. 5, No. 6 will continue to operate
Generator No. 2 No. 3 and No.4 will stop operating
9:00 PM
while Generator No. 8 will start running together with
Generator No. 5 and No. 6.
Generator No. 5 and No. 6 will stop operating while
11:00 PM
Generator No. 9 will start running together with
Generator No. 8.
Generator 9 will continue to operate while Generator
12:00 MN
No. 8 will stop
1.4 DAILY ENERGY PRODUCED
The Daily Energy produced is equal to the area under the curve and is computed using
the formula for the area of a trapezoid and rectangle, thus;
π·π‘Žπ‘–π‘™π‘¦ π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘  π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘‘ = ∑ π΄π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘  π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘£π‘’
π΄π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Ž π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘£π‘’ =
𝐴1 =
(9,000 + 11,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 10,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
(11,000 + 18,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
𝐴2 =
= 14,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
(18,000 + 24,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
𝐴3 =
= 21,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴4 =
(24,000 + 31,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 27,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴5 =
(31,000 + 35,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 33,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴6 =
(35,000 + 41,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 38,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
(π‘˜π‘Šπ‘› + π‘˜π‘Šπ‘›+1 )(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
2
π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π·π‘Žπ‘–π‘™π‘¦ πΈπ‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘‘
∑(𝐴𝑛 + 𝐴𝑛+1 + 𝐴𝑛+2 + β‹― + 𝐴𝑛+23 )
Total Daily Energy Produced = 998,275 kW - hrs
𝐴7 =
(41,000 + 51,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 46,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴8 =
(51,000 + 66,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 58,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴9 =
(66,000 + 69,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 67,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴10 =
(69,000 + 88,275)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 78,637.5 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴11 =
(88,275 + 62,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 75,137.5 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴12 =
(62,000 + 67,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 64,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴13 =
(53,000 + 60,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 56,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴14 =
(60,000 + 67,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 63,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴15 =
(67,000 + 59,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 63,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴16 =
(59,000 + 55,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 57,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴17 =
(55,000 + 49,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 52,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴18 =
(49,000 + 42,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 45,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴19 =
(42,000 + 37,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 39,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴20 =
(37,000 + 26,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 31,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴21 =
(26,000 + 19,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 22,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴22 =
(19,000 + 12,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 15,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴23 =
(12,000 + 7,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 9,500 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
𝐴24 =
(7,000 + 9,000)(1β„Žπ‘Ÿ)
= 8,000 π‘˜π‘Š − β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
2
2. DESIGN CALCULATIONS
2.1 PLANT FACTOR CALCULATION
2.1.1 Design Data:
GENSET MODEL NAME: MAK VM32C
ENGINE TYPE
: 16 M 32C engine
GENERATOR OUTPUT : 9, 6 00 kW
SPEED
: 720/750 rpm @ 50/60 Hz
2.1.2 There would be 10 units of 9,600 kW to be used to meet the load demand.
2.1.3 Plant Capacity, PC
PC = Generator Output x No. of Units
PC = 9,600kW x 10
PC = 96,000 kW
2.1.4 Reserved Over Peak, ROP
ROP = Plant Capacity – Peak load
ROP = 96,000kW – 88,275
ROP = 7,725 kW
2.1.5 Average Load, AL
π·π‘Žπ‘–π‘™π‘¦ πΈπ‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘‘
AL = π‘π‘œ.π‘œπ‘“ π»π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘‚π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›
AL =
998,275 π‘˜π‘Š−β„Žπ‘Ÿ
24 β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ 
AL = 41,594.792 kW
2.1.6 Load Factor, LF
LF =
π΄π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘”π‘’ πΏπ‘œπ‘Žπ‘‘
LF =
41,594.792 π‘˜π‘Š
π‘ƒπ‘’π‘Žπ‘˜ πΏπ‘œπ‘Žπ‘‘
88,275 π‘˜π‘Š
π‘₯ 100%
π‘₯ 100%
LF = 0.4712 = 47.12%
2.1.7 Plant Capacity Factor, PCF
π·π‘Žπ‘–π‘™π‘¦ πΈπ‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘‘π‘’π‘π‘’π‘‘
PCF = π‘ƒπ‘™π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ πΆπ‘Žπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘₯ π»π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘‚π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘₯ 100%
998,275 π‘˜π‘Š−β„Žπ‘Ÿ
PCF = 96,000 π‘˜π‘Š π‘₯ 24 β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘  π‘₯ 100%
PCF = 0.4333 = 43.33%
2.1.8 Plant Utility Factor, PUF
PUF =
π‘ƒπ‘’π‘Žπ‘˜ πΏπ‘œπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘₯ πΏπ‘œπ‘Žπ‘‘ πΉπ‘Žπ‘π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ
PUF =
88,275 π‘˜π‘Š π‘₯ 0.4712
π‘ƒπ‘™π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ πΆπ‘Žπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦
π‘₯ 100%
96,000π‘˜π‘Š
PUF = 0.4333= 43.33%
2.1.9 Diversity Factor, DF
DF =
∑ πΌπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘™ π‘€π‘Žπ‘₯ π·π‘’π‘šπ‘Žπ‘›π‘‘
π‘€π‘Žπ‘₯ π·π‘’π‘šπ‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘› π‘ƒπ‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘ƒπ‘™π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘
DF =
9,600 π‘˜π‘Š π‘₯ 10 𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑠
88,275 π‘˜π‘Š
𝐃𝐅 = 𝟏. πŸŽπŸ–πŸ•πŸ“
2.1.10 Use Factor of Each Unit
UNIT # 1
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9,600)kW (16) hr
153,600 kW-hrs
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
153,600 kW-hrs
(UNIT # 1)
UF1 =
UF1 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
153,600 kW−hrs
9,600 kW x 24 hrs
UF1 = 66.67%
x 100%
x 100%
UNIT # 2
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9,600)kW (14) hr
134,400 kW-hrs
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
134,400 kW-hrs
(UNIT # 2)
UF2 =
UF2 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
134,400 kW−hrs
9600 kW x 24 hrs
x 100%
x 100%
UF2 = 58.33%
UNIT # 3
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9,600)kW (15) hr
144,000 kW-hrs
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
196,800 kW-hrs
(UNIT # 3)
UF3 =
UF3 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
196,800 kW−hrs
9,600 kW x 24 hrs
UF3 = 85.42 %
x 100%
x 100%
UNIT # 4
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9600)kW (14) hr
134,400 kW-hrs
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
134,400 kW-hrs
(UNIT # 4)
UF4 =
UF4 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
134,400 kW−hrs
9,600 kW x 24 hrs
x 100%
x 100%
UF4 = 58.33%
UNIT # 5
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9600)kW (12) hr
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
115,200
kW-hrs
115,200
kW-hrs
(UNIT # 5)
UF5 =
UF5 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
115,200 kW−hrs
9,600 kW x 24 hrs
UF5 = 50.00%
x 100%
x 100%
UNIT # 6
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9600)kW (12) hr
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
115,200
kW-hrs
115,200
kW-hrs
(UNIT # 6)
UF5 =
UF6 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
115,200 kW−hrs
9,600 kW x 24 hrs
x 100%
x 100%
UF6 = 50.00 %
UNIT # 7
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9600)kW (7) hr
67,200 kW-hrs
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
67,200 kW-hrs
(UNIT # 7)
UF7 =
UF7 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
67,200 kW−hrs
9,600 kW x 24 hrs
UF7 = 29.17%
x 100%
x 100%
UNIT # 8
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9600)kW (11) hr
105,600 kW-hrs
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
105,600 kW-hrs
(UNIT # 8)
UF8 =
UF8 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
105,600 kW−hrs
9600 kW x 24 hrs
x 100%
x 100%
UF8 = 45.83%
UNIT # 9
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9600)kW (11) hr
105,600 kW-hrs
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
105,600 kW-hrs
(UNIT # 9)
UF9 =
UF9 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
105,600 kW−hrs
9600 kW x 24 hrs
UF9 = 45.83%
x 100%
x 100%
UNIT # 10
AREAS
KW-HRS ENERGY
A1 = (9600)kW (7) hr
TOTAL KW-HRS ENERGY
67,200
kW-hrs
67,200
kW-hrs
(UNIT # 9)
UF10 =
UF10 =
Daily Energy Produced
Unit Capacity x Hours of Operation
67,200 kW−hrs
9600 kW x 24 hrs
UF10 = 29.17%
x 100%
x 100%
SUMMARY OF PLANT FACTOR CALCULATION
Daily Energy Produced
998,275 kW - hrs
Installed Capacity
96,000 kW
Reserve Over Peak Load
7,725 kW
Average Load
41,594.792 kW
Load Factor
47.12%
Plant Capacity Factor
47.12%
Plant Utility Factor
43.33%
Diversity Factor
𝟏. πŸŽπŸ–πŸ•πŸ“
Use Factor of each Unit:
Use Factor of Unit # 1
66.67%
Use Factor of Unit # 2
58.33%
Use Factor of Unit # 3
85.42 %
Use Factor of Unit # 4
58.33%
Use Factor of Unit # 5
50.00%
Use Factor of Unit # 6
50.00 %
Use Factor of Unit # 7
29.17%
Use Factor of Unit # 8
45.83%
Use Factor of Unit # 9
45.83%
Use Factor of Unit # 10
29.17%
Overall Plant Use Factor
51.88%
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