Karl Marx
economic factors are the infrastructure of society. it is the basis of society.
religion, education, polity etc are the superstructure of this infrastructure.
he emphasis on economy and economic factors
each stage of society are depended on classes, which are primarily based on economic factors
focus of attention is capitalism
2 classes capitalists, bourgeoisie and working class, proletariat
one who owns the economic system and one who are working for these people.
the driving motivation of capitalists is profit maximization and this drive is against the working
class
class interest
social change
1.man is created through his labour. the existence of man as a social being is dependent upon
the work he does. it is their labour that defines them.
2.it is material existence that determines social existence. what we are doing. work they are
doing that will determine their social existence.
the material reality of a laborer is v diff from an industrialist.
3.material change can not be brought by individuals. it requires large scale transformation in the
social structure and change in social structure can be brought about only by impersonal forces.
impersonal forces
these impersonal forces are the mode of production in society.
mop is made up of 2 things :
● means of production (material + technology) and
● relation of production
when there is change in the mode of production, then only society can change, then this society
moves from one strange to another stage of society.
means of production
● material of production: the raw material that you need to produce the factors. basic
materials of production.
ex. land, mineral, resources, wood, coal, all the raw materials
● technology: basic materials of production are used with technology for production.
relations of production
who is going to have control over the production and who is going to work to produce the
product.
owner of factory and laborers of factory.