Week 1 Notes: History of Nursing Chapter 3: pp. 34-42 What is Nursing? College of Nurses of Ontario Definition of Nursing The goal of nursing is to restore, maintain, and advance the health of individuals, groups, or entire communities. It is both a science and an art. Historical Development of Nursing - 1639: first hospital opened in Quebec - 1978: men were allowed in nursing - Nuns/religious leaders used to care for the ill/injured before nurses Florence Nightingale: founder of Modern Nursing *NURSING IS A PROFESSION* - Florence stressed the need for good environmental conditions to gradually create the optimal conditions for the patient’s body to heal itself - Nightingale made it her mission to improve hygiene practices, significantly lowering the death rate at the hospital in the process - Superintendent of English nurses in Turkey during the Crimean War (1853–56) Hospital Nursing Training vs. Training in Educational Institution a) Advantages: - Practice in school before practice on patient in hospital - More hands on with hospital training (working with staff and patients) - Time management improves working in hospital - Staff get to know you – likelihood of getting a job where you are trained in the hospital b) Disadvantages: - Narrow learning on being community/public health nurse How does the public know nurses are competent? 1. Through the CNO 2. NCLEX 3. Education College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO): regulatory body for nursing in the province - MISSION: to PROTECT THE PUBLIC’S RIGHT to quality nursing services - Establishes criteria for becoming a nurse in Ontario (NCLEX) and sets practice standards that must be met - Only those with a valid CNO registration can practice as a nurse in Ontario and use titles (RN, RPN, etc.,) - Established the 101 competencies that new nurses must have to enter practice of nursing; organized under 9 roles 1 - CNO has 6 important role fulfilments: o Registration practices (pass NCLEX) o Practice standards (9 documents) – ethics standards, medication standards, communication standards, etc., o Practice guidelines (11 documents) – related to specific areas in nursing o Legislation and regulation o Complaints and discipline o Quality assurance program (QA) - QA supports nurses to practice in accordance with accepted standards of practice and to continuously improve their practice o Facilitates practice development where areas for improvement exist or potentially exist o Increase public’s confidence in the nursing profession - How does CNO do this? o Every nurse must participate in the QA program every year and upload to CNO website - FIVE STEPS IN QA: self-assessment, peer feedback, learning plan, implementing learning plan, and evaluation - Reflective practice is a part of the QA program…. helps nurses grow and learn + identify strengths + areas for improvement + learning needs by asking questions - Student QA requirements: learning plan with SMART GOALS, reflection journals, learning plan goals each semester and clinical performance evaluation (CPE) Legislations and Regulations of Nursing: provides legal framework for nursing as a self-regulating profession and give CNO the responsibility for carrying out nursing regulation to PROTECT PUBLIC INTEREST a. Nursing Act (1962): defines nursing scope of practice – in other words, outlines what nurses are qualified to do in a safe and competent manner (what are you qualified to do?) b. Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA) (1991): - Govern 21 different health professions (dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, psychology, etc.) - Identifies the controlled acts that can be performed by all healthcare professionals in Ontario - Defines the controlled act as an activity that can cause harm if performed by an unqualified person - All nurses need the authority to perform a controlled act procedure (you get this authority from legislation - Promote greater public participation in regulation of HC professionals c. Privacy Legislations o Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA): legislation that gives client the right to consent to the collection, use and disclosure of their information o Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (FIPPA) 2
