Course Syllabus
OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS
Second Semester 2022 - 2023
No. of Units: 5
Pre-requisite: NONE
I. COURSE DESCRIPTION and OBJECTIVES
An in-depth study of the nature, kinds and effect of obligations and their
extinguishment; contracts in general, their requisites, form and
interpretation; defective contracts, quasi contracts, natural obligations,
and estoppel.
It covers the following:
1. obligations
their nature, elements, sources, classifications/kinds,
effects
of
obligations
and
modes
of
extinguishments/extinctions;
Based primarily on the provisions of Book IV of the Civil Code
of the Philippines (Article 1156 to Article 1304)
2. contracts
their
nature,
elements/requisites,
effects,
form,
interpretation, defective contracts, annulment, rescission,
nullity and enforcement, quasi-contracts,, natural obligations,
estoppel and trusts.
Based primarily on the provisions of Book IV of the Civil Code
of the Philippines (Article 1305 to Article 1422)
3. Natural Obligations; Estoppel; Trusts
Their concept, nature, classification, elements, examples;
Civil obligations distinguished from natural obligations;
conversion of moral obligations to civil obligations;
Based primarily on the provisions of Book IV of the Civil
Code of the Philippines (Article 1423 to Article 1637)
***********************************************
This course aims to guide students in the study of legal principles relating
to obligations and contracts and facilitate discussion on the application of
these principles to actual or hypothetical cases.
1
IV. REFERENCES AND OTHER MATERIALS
 1. Obligations and Contracts by Rabuya




Other references:
2. Civil Code Annotated (Book IV) by J Paras+
3. Obligations and Contracts by Sta. Maria
4. Obligations and Contracts by Soriano
V. COURSE POLICIES
1. The class reading assignments will follow the course syllabus.
2. Students should read ahead and should be ready for the
session’s discussion. Students are required to read all the
commentaries corresponding to the provisions indicated.
3. When the syllabus points to an unfamiliar technical word, phrase,
classification, or language, students should exercise diligence to look
for the meaning;
4. If there is a need to adjust the reading assignments, you would be
informed of such changes in class and post them to the class page
(group chat) as quickly as possible.
5. Cases are already stated in the syllabus. However, additional cases
may be given from time to time.
6. Students are strongly advised to read all cases stated in the syllabus.
7. STRICTLY no recording of the class session.
8. During recitation students may glance at their notes, but shall NOT
read them.
Gadgets:
1. Laptop or desktop
2. Cellular phone
3. tablets
NB: A student who absents himself for one class day misses a quiz and
(possible) recitation.
VI. COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND GRADING SYSTEM
 75% - Examinations

25% - Prelim Examination

25% - Midterm Examination

25% - Final Examination
2
 25% - Quizzes, Recitation, Attendance, Case Digest

10% - Quizzes

10% - Recitation

5% - Attendance
VII. COURSE OUTLINE and SCHEDULE:
Classes are set every Thursday and Friday at 730PM – 930PM
and Saturday at 11AM - 12NN.
OBLIGATIONS
(Arts. 1156-1230)
I. Definition and Concept
Art. 1156 in relation to Art. 2236
Art. 1156 in relation to 1423
II. Elements of an Obligation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Active subject
Passive subject
Object
Efficient cause (the vinculum juris or juridical tie)
III. Different Kinds of Prestations
IV. Classification of Obligation
1. From the Viewpoint of Sanction
Civil
Natural
Moral
2. From the Viewpoint of Subject Matter
Real
Personal
3. From the Viewpoint of Persons obliged
Unilateral
Bilateral
V. Sources of obligations (Arts. 1156-1157)
(1)
(2)
(3)
Law;
Contracts;
Quasi-contracts;
Kinds:
1. Negotiorum Gestio
2. Solutio Indebite
3
(4)
(5)
Acts or omissions punished by law; and
Quasi-delicts.
CASES:
OSG v Ayala Land
PADCOM v Ortigas
Mtrbnk v Absolute Mgt. Corp.
Cathay Pacific v Reyes
Mendoza v Arieta
Sept. 18, 2009
May 9, 2002
Jan. 09, 2013
June 26, 2013
June 29, 1979
PSBA v CA
Amadora v CA
Pelayo v Lauron
People v Abungan
Salen v Balce
Feb. 4, 1992
April 15, 1988
Jan. 12, 1908
Sept. 28, 2000
April 27, 1960
Dr. Oliver v PSB
People v Oandasan
Abella v Heirs of of San Juan
Ansay vs. Board of Directors
Loria v Munoz, Jr.
April 4, 2016
June 14, 2016
Feb. 24, 2016
April 29, 1960
Oct. 15, 2014
Cariñan v Sps. Cueto
Equit. Banking Corp. v Calderon
Oct. 8, 2014
Dec. 14, 2004
Domingo Gonzalo v John Tarnate, Jr.
Saludaga v FEU
Jan. 15, 2014
April 30 2008
VI. Classification of Obligations
A. Primary Classification under the Civil Code
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pure and Conditional (Arts. 1179-1192
With a period or term (Arts. 1193-1198)
Alternative and Facultative (Arts. 1199-1206)
Joint and Solidary (Arts. 1207-1222)
Divisible and Indivisible (Arts. 1223-1225)
With a Penal Clause (Arts. 1226-1230)
B. Secondary Classification
1. Legal (Art. 1158)
2. Conventional (Art. 1159)
3. Penal (Art. 1161)
4. Real and Personal
5. Determinate and Generic (as to the subject matter of obligation)
6. Positive and Negative
7. Unilateral and Bilateral
8. Individual and Collective
9. Accessory and Principal
10. As to Object or Prestation
a. Simple
b. Multiple
c. Conjunctive
4
11.
d. Distributive/Disjunctive
e. Alternative
f. Facultative
Possible and Impossible
VII. Nature and Effect of Obligations
A. Prestations/Objects
B. Obligation to give
1. A determinate or specific thing
a. Duties of the Obligor
a. 1. To deliver the thing itself (Art. 1244)
a. 2. To preserve the thing (Art. 1163)
a. 3. To deliver the accessions and
accessories
Distinction between accessions
and accessory - Art. 1166
a. 4. To deliver the fruits-Art. 1164
2. An indeterminate or generic thing- Art. 1246
3. Effect of loss (Arts. 1262-1263)
C. Obligation to do or not to do (Arts.1167,1168, 1244)
CASES:
Equatorial vs Mayfair
De Leon vs Soriano
Norkis v CA
Hahn v CA
Vil-Rey Planners and Builders v.
Lexber, Inc.
Nov. 21, 1996
Aug. 24, 1950
Feb. 7, 1991
May 31, 1989
June 15, 2016
C. Breaches of Obligations
1. Concept
Distinction between substantial and casual/slight breach
2. Modes of Breach-Art. 1170
2.1. Complete failure to perform/non-fulfillment
2.2. Default, delay or mora (Art. 1169)
*Concept
*In unilateral obligations
*In reciprocal obligations
*G.R. no default unless creditor
makes a demand;
*Exceptions (Art. 1169)
Kinds:
5
a) Mora solvendi
*Requisites
b) Mora accipiendi
*requisites
*see also Art. 1268
c) Compesatio morae
*requisites
2.3. Fraud (dolo) in the performance of
obligation
a. Concept
1. dolo v dolo incidente
2. dolo v dolo causante
b. Nonwaiver - Art. 1171
c. Effects
2.4. Negligence (culpa) in the performance of obligationArt. 1172
a). Concept
culpa vs dolo
culpa aquiliana vs culpa contractual
b) Diligence normally required is ordinary diligence or
diligence of a good father of a family
c) Exception: common carriers which are required to
exercise extraordinary diligence
2.5. Contravention of the tenor of obligation
D. Fortuitous Event- Art. 1174
Requisites
Effect
E. Usurious Transactions- Art. 1175; RA No. 2655
F. Presumption of Interest and Installments–Art. 1176; Art.
1253
G. Action Subrogation – Arts. 1177-1178
CASES:
Guanio v Makati Shangri-la HRI
RCPI v Verchez
GMC v Ramos
Pan Pacific v EPCIB
PhilComSat v Globe Telecom
Lorenzo Shipping v BJ Marthel
Feb. 07, 2011
Jan. 31, 2006
July 20, 2011
March 18, 2010
May 25, 2004
Nov. 19, 2004
6
Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils, Inc. vs CA et al
Santos Hocorma Found. v Ernesto Santos
Comsavings Bank v Sps. Capistrano
Casiño Jr. v Rivera
RCPI v CA
Oct. 18, 1993
Nov. 5, 2004
Aug 28, 2013
470 SCRA 57
Aug. 29, 1986
Lalicon v NHA
Odiamar v Valencia
Garcia v Thio
Lara’s Gifts v Midtown Industrial
PNB v Heirs of Benedicto and Azucena
Alonday
July 1, 2011
Sept. 12, 2018
March 16, 2007
Aug. 28, 2019
Oct. 12, 2016
Sps. Abella v Sps. Abella
Sps. Guevarra v The Commoner Lending
July 8, 2015
Feb. 18, 2015
D. Remedies available to creditor in cases of breach
A. Specific Performance
1. Action for Specific performance in obligation to deliver a
specific thing (Art. 1165 par. 1; ROC Rule 39 Section 10)
2. Action for substituted performance in obligation to deliver
generic thing (Art. 1165 par. 2)
3. Action for specific performance or undoing of poor work in
obligation to do (Art. 1167)
4. Action for undoing in obligation not to do (Art. 1168)
B. Rescission (resolution in reciprocal obligations)
C. Damages, in any event
D. Subsidiary remedies of creditors
a) Accion subrogatoria- Art. 1177
Concept
Requisites
Exceptions-inherent rights of debtor-Art. 772
b) Accion pauliana
Concept
Requisites
c) Accion directa (Arts. 1652, 1608, 1729, 1893)
Concept
Requisites
CASES:
Tanguilig v CA
266 SCRA 78
7
Laperal v Solid Homes Inc.
Rivera v del Rosario
Angeles v Calasanz
Sps. Pajares v Remarkable Laundry and
Cleaning
Manuel Uy and Sons v Valbueco Inc.
Fong v Duenas
Nolasco vs Cuerpo
460 SCRA 375
419 SCRA 626
March 18, 1985
Dry Feb. 20, 2017
Fil-Estate Properties Inc et al v Sps. Ronquillo
Reyes v Rossi
Gotesco Prop Inc v Sps. Fajardo
UP vs. De Los Angeles
Licaros v Gatmaitan
Buenviaje v Sps. Salonga
Sept. 11, 2013
June 15, 2015
Dec. 9, 2015
Jan. 13, 2014
Feb. 18, 2013
Feb. 27, 2013
362 SCRA 548
Oct. 5, 2016
VII. Kinds of Civil Obligations
A. Pure (Arts. 1179-1180)
B. Conditional (Art. 1181)
1. Suspensive condition v Resolutory condition
2. Potestative, casual or mixed
3. Impossible conditions
4. Effects of conditions
5. Constructive Fulfillment of suspensive condition
6. Retroactive effects of fulfillment of suspensive condition
7. Rights of creditor pending fulfillment of suspensive condition
8. Loss, improvement, deterioration of thing to be delivered
pending the fulfillment of suspensive /resolutory condition
9.Unilateral/reciprocal obligations
10. Effect of mutual breach
C. Obligations with a period or a term (Art. 1193)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Suspensive period v resolutory period
Effects of a period
When Courts may fix the period
Benefit or use of the period
D. Alternative obligations and facultative obligations (Art. 1199)
1. Difference between alternative and facultative obligations
2. Alternative prestations at debtor’s choice
3. Alternative prestations at creditor’s choice
4. Facultative Obligations
5. Effect of loss of specific things or impossibility of performance of
alternative, through fault of debtor/creditor or through fortuitous
events
8
VIII. Joint and Solidary Obligation
A. Joint (divisible) obligation
1. Joint obligation- presumed
2. Solidary Obligation
Active solidarity
Passive solidarity
3. Indivisibility does not give rise to solidarity or vice versa
4. Solidarity with different terms and conditions
5. Prohibited Acts
6. Demand by any of the solidary creditors
7. Effect of novation, compensation, confusion or remission
8. Payment by a solidary co-debtor
B. Divisible and Indivisible obligations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Divisible obligation
Kinds of Division
Obligations deemed divisible
Indivisible obligation
Kinds of Indivisibility
Effect of non-compliance by a co-debtor in a joint indivisible
obligation
7. Obligations deemed indivisible
E. Obligations with a Penal Clause
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nature, purpose and kinds of penal clause
Effects
Proof of actual damages not necessary
Reduction of penalty
Effect of nullity of penal clause
Effect of nullity of principal obligation on penal clause
CASES:
KT Construction Supply, Inc. v PSB
Sps. Ibañez v James Harper
Gonzales v Lim
Ronquillo vs CA
June 21, 2017
Feb. 15, 2017
528 SCRA 507
Bankard Inc. v Alarte
Heirs of Ramon Gaite vs The Plaza Inc.
Aguilar v City Trust
Pan Pacific v EPCIB
Filinvest Land Inc v CA
April 19, 2017
Jan. 26, 2011
Oct. 25, 2005
March 18, 2010
470 SCRA 260
HSBC vs. Broqueza
Lorenzo Shipping Corp v BJ Marthel Intl Inc
AFP Retirement v Eduardo Sanvictores
Florentino v Supervalue
Escaño v Ortigas Jr.
Nov.17, 2010
Nov. 19, 2004
Aug. 17, 2016
Sept. 12, 2007
June 29, 2007
9
Catungal v Rodriguez
Alba v Yupangco
Josefina Tayag et al v CA
Molino v Security Diners Intl Corp
Javier vs. CA
March 23, 2011
June 29, 2010
March 3, 1993
363 SCRA 358
March 15, 199
HDMF v Cataquiz
Manlar Rice Mill vs Deyto
Living Sense vs Malayan Ins.
July 29, 2020
Jan. 29, 2014
Sept. 26, 2012
IX. Extinguishment of Obligations
A. Payment or Performance
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
What constitute payment?
How made; By whom; To whom
Place of payment
Invalid payment
Special forms of payment
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dation in payment
payment by cession
Application of payment (Art. 1252-1254)
Tender of payment and consignation (Arts. 1256-1261)
f. Extraordinary inflation or deflation (Art. 1250)
g. Currency
h. Expenses/costs in payment
B. Loss of determinate thing due
a. Effect of loss of a determinate thing/impossibility of
performance
b. Exceptions
c. Partial loss of thing
d. Difficulty of service to be rendered
e. Remedy of creditor against third parties
C. Condonation or remission of debt (Art. 1270)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Concept/nature of condonation or remission
Implied condonation
Effect of renunciation of principal debt
Presumed remission of pledge
D. Confusion or Merger of Rights (Arts. 1275, 1272)
1. Concept
2. Effect on guarantors
3. As applied to joint, solidary and indivisible obligations
E. Compensation
1. Concept
10
2. Kinds
a. voluntary
b. judicial
c. legal
3. Obligations which cannot be subject of compensation
4. Effect of assignment of credit
F. Novation (Arts. 1291-1304)
1. Concept, requisites and kinds
2. Modes
a. Substitution of Debtor
b. Change of Principal Obligation or Object
c. Subrogation
c.1. Conventional Subrogation
c.2. Legal Subrogation
CASES:
Arrieta v NARIC
Kalalo v Luz
10 SCRA 79
34 SCRA 377
Paculdo v Regalado
Sps. Dela Cruz v Ana Marie Concepcion
DBP v CA
Fil-Invest Credit Corp v Phil Acetylene
Sps. Tan v China Banking Corp
345 SCRA 134
Oct. 11, 2012
Jan. 5, 1998
111 SCRA 421
Aug. 17, 2016
Ilo-ilo Jar Corp v Comglasco/Aguila Glass
Subic Bay Resorts v Fernandez
PNB v Chan
Manila Metal Container Corp v PNB
Sps. Cacayorin v AFPMBA
Jan. 18, 2017
Sept. 29, 2014
March 13, 2017
Dec. 20, 2006
April 15, 2013
PCIB v Franco
Union Bank v DBP
Trans-Pacific v CA
Mota v Serra
Crisanta Alcaraz Miguel v Jerry D. Montañez
March 5, 2014
Jan. 20, 2014
Aug. 19, 1994
Feb. 14, 1925
Jan. 25, 2012
Jesus Montemayor v Vicente Millore
Luzon Devt. Bank v Enriquez
BPI Express Card v Olalia
Lao v Special Plans
LBP v Ong
July 27, 2011
Jan. 12, 2011
Dec. 14, 2001
June 29, 2010
Nov. 24, 2010
PNB Madecor v Uy
So v Food Fest Land, Inc.
Swagman Hotels v CA
FEBTC v Diaz Realty Inc
Licaros v Gatmaitan
363 SCRA 128
April 7, 2010
April 8, 2006
363 SCRA 659
362 SCRA 548
Heirs of Luis Bacus v CA
Alonzo v San Juan
371 SCRA 295
451 SCRA 45
11
Molino v Sec. Diners Intl Corp
Ong v Roban Lending Corp
Union Refinery v Tolentino Sr
363 SCRA 358
557 SCRA 516
471 SCRA 613
Heirs of Gamaliel Albano v Sps. Ravanes
Ramos v PNB
Dalton v FGR Realty & Devt. Corp
UnionBank v Sps. Tiu
PCIB vs Franco
July 20, 2016
Dec. 14, 2011
Jan. 19, 2011
Sept. 7, 2011
March 5, 2014
PNB vs Heirs of Benedicto Alonday
Maybank Phils vs Sps. Tarrosa
Pres. of Church of Jesus Christ vs BTL Const
129 Fil-invest Alabang vs Century Iron Works
130 BDO Unionbank vs Ypil et al
Oct. 12, 2016
Oct. 14, 2015
Jan. 15, 2014
Dec. 9, 2015
Oct. 12, 2020
CONTRACTS
1. Concept
2. General principles
a. Autonomy
b. Consensuality
c. Mutuality
d. Binding effect
e. Relativity
3. Stages
4. Elements
a. Consent
i.
Offer
ii.
Acceptance
iii.
Parties
iv.
Effect of lack of capacity or
disqualification
v.
Vices of Consent
a.Mistake
b.Violence and intimidation
c.Undue Influence
d.fraud
vi.
Simulation of Contracts
authority
and
b. Object
i. Requisites
ii.Matters which cannot be object of Contracts
c. Cause
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Concept
Distinguished from Motives
Absence/Unlawful Cause
Statement of False cause
Inadequacy of Cause
12
II. Kinds of Contracts
A. Consensual
B. Real
C. Formal or solemn
1. Donations (Arts. 748-749)
2. Partnership where real property contributed (Arts. 1771, 1773)
3. Antichresis (Art. 2134)
4. Agency to sell real property or an interest therein (Art. 1874)
5. Stipulation to charge interest (Art. 1956)
6. Stipulation limiting common carrier’s duty of extraordinary
diligence to ordinary diligence (Art. 1744)
7. Chattel mortgage
8. Sale of large cattle
D. Reformation of Instrument
E. Interpretation of Contracts
III. Formality (Arts. 1356, 1357, 1358)
CASES:
131
132
133
134
135
Contracts (Requisites/Perfection;
Consequences/Forms
Sanchez vs. Rigos
Tiu vs. Platinum Plans Phil., Inc.,
Cabahug vs Napocor
Sps. Florendo vs. CA
Toledo v Hayden
June 14, 1972
Feb. 28, 2007
Jan. 30, 2013
Dec. 17, 1996
Dec. 8, 2010
136
137
138
139
Prudential Bank and Trust Co. vs. Abasolo
Sept. 27, 2010
Florentino vs. Encarnacion, Sr.
Sept. 30, 1977
Pantaleon vs American Express Int’l
Aug. 25, 2010
Bpi Express Card Corp. vs. Ma. Antonia R. October 2014
Armovit
140 Sps. Tongson vs. Emergency Pawnshop Bula
Jan. 15, 2010
141
142
143
144
145
Heirs of F. Ignacio v Home Bankers Savings
Catungal v Rodriguez
Hyatt Elevators v Cathedral Heights
Starbright Sales v Phil. Realty
Cariñan v Cueto
Jan. 23, 2013
March 23, 2011
Dec. 1, 2010
Jan. 18, 2012
Oct. 8, 2014
146
147
148
149
150
Cui v Arellano
So v Food Fest Land, Inc
Valles v Villa
Dantis v Maghinang
Ongsiako v Gamboa
2 SCRA 205
April 7, 2010
Dec. 16, 1916
April 10, 2013
86 Phil 50
13
OBJECT OF CONTRACTS
151
152
153
154
155
Ferrer v Diaz
Opulencia v CA
Ong v Ong
J.L.T Agro v Balansag
Tanedo v CA
April 23, 2010
July 30, 1998
Oct. 8, 1985
March 11, 2005
322 Phil 84
CONSENT/AFFECTING CONSENT
156
157
158
159
160
Aguilar v City Trust
Culaba v CA
Dela Cruz v Dela Cruz
Katipunan v Katipunan
Mendezona v Ozamiz
474 SCRA 285
427 SCRA 721
Jan. 14, 2004
Jan. 30, 2002
Feb. 6, 2002
161
162
163
164
Leonardo v CA
Sumipat v Banga
Catalan v Basa
Tan v Mandap
Sept. 13, 2004
436 SCRA 521
July 31, 2007
May 27, 2004
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTRACTS
165
166
167
168
169
170
Fort Bonifacio v Yllas
Pascual v Ramos
MIAA v Velayo
GF Equity v Valenzona
Tiu v Platinum Plans
Limitless Potentials v Quilala
Oct. 6, 2008
July 4, 2002
Dec. 14, 2011
June 30, 2005
Feb. 28, 2007
July 15, 2005
171
172
173
174
175
Lagon v CA
Montemayor v Millore
Tan v GVT Engr’g Services
Inocencio v HDSJ
Sarming v Dy
March 18, 2005
July 27, 2011
Aug. 7, 2006
Sept. 25, 2013
June 6, 2002
176
177
179
178
Tuazon v Suarez-Tuazon
Bible Baptist church v CA
Benny Go v Bacaron
Encarnacion Const vs Phoenix Ready Mix
Dec. 8, 2010
Nov. 26, 2004
Oct. 11, 2005
Sept. 4, 2017
IV. Defective Contracts
A. Rescissible contracts (Art. 1381)
1. Difference with rescission (resolution) under Art. 1191
2. Rescissible Contracts
3. Rescission
a. Nature
b. Extent Permitted
4. Fraudulent transaction
B. Voidable contracts (Arts. 1328-1344, 1390-1402) 18
14
1.
2.
3.
4.
Voidable Contracts
Action for Annulment
Ratification
Effect of Loss of Thing
i. Loss after decree of annulment
ii. Loss before actions to annul
C. Unenforceable contracts (Arts. 1403-1408, 1317)
1. Unenforceable Contracts
2. Effect of ratification
3. Who may raise defect
D. Void contracts (Arts. 1409, 1346)
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
Void/Inexistent Contracts
Effects
Pactum commissorium (Arts. 2088, 2130, 1390)
Pactum de non alienando (Art. 2130)
Pactum leonina (Art. 1799)
CASES:
179
178
179
180
Ada v Baylon
Roosencor v Inquing
Casilang Sr. v Casilang-Dizon
Heirs of Tranquilino Labiste v Heirs of Jose
Labiste
Aug. 13, 2012
March 8, 2001
Feb. 20, 2013
May 8, 2009
181
182
183
184
185
Abelgas v Comia
MIAA v Tudtud
Mactan –Cebu v Lozada
Soriano v Soriano
Heirs of Sps. Balite v Lim
April 18, 2012
186
187
188
189
190
Cabales v CA
Vda de Ape v CA
Litonjua v Fernandez
Abellana v Ponce
Mla. Banking v Silverio
Aug.31, 2007
April 15, 2005
April 14, 2004
Sept. 3, 2004
Aug. 11, 2005
191
192
193
194
195
Pan Pacific v EPCIB
Sally Yoshika v Joy Training
Oco v Limbaring
Mun. of Hagonoy v Hon. Dumdum
Mayor v Belen
March 18, 2010
July 31, 2013
Jan. 31, 2006
March 22, 2010
June 3, 2004
196
197
198
199
200
GPI v Sps. Fajardo
Santos v NHA
Iglesia Filipina v Taeza
German Bocaling v Bonnevie
Sps. Guiang v CA
Feb. 27, 2013
April 6, 2011
Feb. 3, 2014
March 2, 1992
June 26, 1998
Feb. 25, 2010
Sept. 3, 2007
Dec. 10, 2004
15
201
202
203
204
205
Agapay vs Palang
Joaquino vs. Reyes
Calimlim-Canulas vs. Fortun
Ravina vs. Villa-Abrille
Arcaba vs. Batocael
July 28, 1997
434 SCRA 260
129 SCRA 675
604 SCRA 120
Nov. 22, 2001
206
207
208
209
210
Campos v Ortega
Mercado v ABC
ECE Realty v Mandap
Sps. Lehner and Ludy Martires v Chua
The Roman Catholic Church v Pante
June 2, 2014
555 Phil 411
Sept. 1, 2014
March 20, 2013
April 11, 2012
VI. NATURAL OBLIGATIONS
VII. ESTOPPEL
1. Definition
2. Types of Estoppel
1.
2.
3.
4.
Estoppel
Estoppel
Estoppel
Estoppel
by
by
by
by
representation or misrepresentation
acceptance of benefits
laches
silence
3. Kinds
1. Technical estoppel
2. Equitable Estoppel or estoppel in pais
4. Persons bound
VIII. TRUSTS
1.Definition
2.Governing Rules
3.Parties
4.Kinds
a. Express trusts
b. Implied Trusts
CASES:
211
212
213
214
215
Abalos v Darapa
Pacific Mills Inc V CA
Marques v FEBTC
Santiago Syjuco Inc v Castro
PNB v Aznar
March 28, 2011
Dec. 13, 2005
Jan. 10, 2011
July 7, 1989
May 30, 2011
216
217
218
219
Gabutan v Nacalaban
Torbela et al v Sps. Rosario
Fernando Jr. v Acuna et al
Abellana v Ponce
June 29, 2016
Dec. 7, 2011
Sept. 30, 2010
Sept. 3, 2004
16
220 Ungab-Valeroso v Ungab
221
222
223
224
225
Go vs Estate of the Late Felisa Tamio
Oca v Limbaring
Bautista v Bautista
Republic v Sundiam et al
Go v BSP
Jan. 31, 2006
July 22, 2015
June 15, 2007
March 8, 2017
Aug. 27, 2020
July 8, 2015
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