Raffles City
by Goh, Kenneth
~ Recommendations ~
Raffles Hotel
Raffles City is a complex which consists of two hotels, a convention centre, a
shopping centre and an office tower. Built in the early 1980s, Raffles City was planned
and constructed over a period of 17 years, and was the single largest commercial
development built in that time. The complex was envisioned as a “city within a city” by
its designers and builders.1 Over the years, these different segments of Raffles City
have contributed to the vibrancy of the complex.
Conception
The plans for Raffles City (then known as Raffles International Centre) were
announced to the public in 1969 by the Development Bank of Singapore (DBS).2 A
model of the complex was unveiled on 16 April 1979.3 Shortly after in July, Raffles City
Private Limited (RCPL), a subsidiary of DBS Group, was formed and given
responsibility for building and managing Raffles City.4 The S$600-million building
Raffles Hotel is a Singapore landmark
located at No. 1 Beach Road. Established in
1887, the award-winning colonial-era ...
Plaza Singapura
Plaza Singapura, built in the mid-1970s, was
among the first shopping centres on
Orchard Road. In its heyday, Plaza ...
Sophia Hull
Sophia Hull (b. 5 May 1786, London–d.12
December 1858, Middlesex, England)
became the second wife of Sir Stamford
Raffles, ...
project was “the single largest commercial property development” in Singapore at
the time.5
Raffles Place
Raffles Place is a commercial space that
Construction and design
Raffles City was meant to boost the vibrancy of the Central Business District (CBD)
after office hours, with planners also wanting to refocus the centre of development
includes buildings such as the Arcade,
Clifford Centre, Straits Trading, Hong ...
towards the waterfront.6 The construction of the proposed complex bordered by four
Raffles Library (1945-1960)
major roads (Stamford Road (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_865_2005-01-24.html) , Beach
The Raffles Museum and Library reopened
to the public on 1 December 1945, with the
Junior Library opening on 14 January ...
Road (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_889_2004-12-23.html) , Bras Basah Road
(http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_227_2005-01-25.html) and
(http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_880_2004-12-28.html) )
North Bridge Road
meant that other institutions would
have to be moved.7 As a result, the land occupied by Raffles Institution
(http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_17_2004-12-21.html) at the
centre of the redevelopment plan
was acquired for the construction project.8
Raffles City was designed by I. M. Pei, an internationally renowned architect.9 His
company, I. M. Pei & Partners, was engaged as principal project consultant for the
construction of Raffles City.10 However, this appointment, along with that of other
foreign firms to oversee various parts of the landmark project, drew some criticism.
This alleged favouring of foreign firms was interpreted as being due to distrust of
Singaporean professionals.11 The developers justified the engagement of foreign
consultants on the grounds of the scale of the project. They also pointed out that there
were local consultants who were working in partnership with their foreign
counterparts throughout the building process.12
There were varying comments on the design of Raffles City and its component
buildings. The complex, in particular its 42-floor office tower and 73-storey hotel,
were considered “too modernistic and overpowering”; it did not seem to complement
the surrounding buildings from Singapore’s past, with some saying it resembled a
Housing Board (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1589_2009-10-26.html) apartment block.13
However, Raffles City’s design was intended to complement the eventual
development of the Marina Centre and Marina Bay
(http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2016-06-21_160714.html) area.14
Opening
Raffles City was officially opened on 3 October 1986 by then Deputy Prime Minister
and Defence Minister Goh Chok Tong (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_860_2004-12-27.html)
.15 The complex’s 73-storey Westin Stamford hotel was at the time the tallest such
structure in the world, and Raffles City Convention Centre was the largest convention
centre in Singapore.16 Raffles City was highly accessible due to its underground link
with the City Hall Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_2013-1105_131443.html) interchange
station.17 In addition to anchor tenants Westin Stamford
and Westin Plaza Hotel, Raffles City Shopping Centre had the Japanese department
store Sogo to attract visitors.18
Raffles City Shopping Centre
MRT opening
The opening of the second phase of the MRT network on 13 December 1987 resulted in
an increase in human traffic to Raffles City. The Raffles City Shopping Centre took the
First vertical marathon
The first vertical marathon in Singapore was
held on 3 May 1987. A total of 130 men and
50 women took part in the race ...
First
Previous
Next
Last
chance to survey its shoppers’s profile and gauge the expected traffic by giving out
commemorative T-shirts.19 Sogo department store also gave out goodie packs,
commemorative mugs and store discounts to mark this occasion.20
Renovation works began for Raffles City’s basement level one in 2009, which was to
facilitate the building of a link-way between basement level two of the shopping
centre and the new Esplanade MRT station of the Circle Line.21 This was to improve
connectivity to the shopping centre.22
Major tenancy and layout changes
Amrita Spa, the largest spa in Asia, opened its doors at Raffles City in August 2000.
Spread over three floors, the S$8 million luxury spa came under the management of
Raffles International. The spa, which sported top-rate facilities and served spa
cuisine, was an effort by the company to stay ahead of its competitors by anticipating
customers’s demands.23
Sogo closed its store in Raffles City in October 200024 due to the company’s financial
woes.25 In its place, Robinsons opened on 15 March 2001 after a S$30 million
renovation and stocking of its new store. Robinsons
(http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_561_2005-01-25.html) opened
along with
Marks & Spencer’s expanded outlet, which was more than double its previous size.26
The shopping centre changed its layout several times. Its basement parking area,
staff canteen and locker facilities were converted into new basement shop space in its
2006 revamp. A new “island podium” was built in the centre of the mall for more
retailing space in the following year.27 In 2010, another significant revamp of its
basement had new food outlets and concepts making their debut, targeting
executives on weekdays and families on weekends.28
Arts and culture
Apart from being a shopping venue, the shopping centre also became a place for
showcasing arts and culture over the years. In 1994, the first Spring In The City event
was organised by Golden Travel Agency boss Lin Dengli in Raffles City Shopping
Centre.29 This annual event was held in conjunction with Chinese Lunar New Year
(http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_948__2009-01-02.html) festivities
and featured
free daily performances by guest troupes from China alongside arts and crafts stalls
for the shoppers.30
Outreach events for the Singapore Arts Festival
(http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2014-12-22_185217.html) have
also been held in
the shopping centre, with dancers performing in shop displays before passers-by.31 In
September 2009, a 60-person flash mob treated shoppers to a choreographed
dance to advertise for a series of dance performances, called Dans Festival, held
towards the end of that year.32
Street performances were held at Raffles City and City Hall MRT station during a 10day Great Singapore Sale (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1553_2009-08-18.html) (GSS)
promotion to bring the arts to shoppers in 2010.33 In August 2010, a dance put
together by 60 dancers from multiple nationalities was held in the shopping centre as
an initiative to promote Singapore’s culture and heritage. This was part of the
National Heritage Board (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_94_2005-01-27.html) (NHB)
HeritageFest 2010’s festival finale programme.34
Raffles City’s hotels and convention centre
Name and management changes
Westin Stamford and Westin Plaza Hotel remained under the Westin Hotels chain for
15 years35 before Raffles International Group assumed management of both hotels
on 1 January 2002.36 Accompanying this change in ownership, the hotels were
rechristened Swissotel The Stamford and Raffles The Plaza respectively.37 On 31
December 2007, Raffles The Plaza underwent another name change to become
Fairmont Singapore as it came under the management of Fairmont Hotels & Resorts
(FHR).38
Major events hosted
On 3 May 1987, the 73-storey Westin Stamford hosted Singapore’s first vertical
marathon (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_440_2005-01-26.html) . This was a fund-raising
event for the Community Chest of Singapore with participants having to raise S$73 to
sign up – S$1 for each floor climbed.39
The hotels and the Raffles City Convention Centre have hosted a number of highprofile international events over the years. The 117th International Olympic Committee
(IOC) sessions from 6 to 9 July 2005 were held in the Convention Centre,40 with a lineup of distinguished figures from the sporting scene, political leaders and royalty from
around the world being hosted in the hotels.41
The Convention Centre was awarded the Best Event Venue Excellence award in 2008
by the Singapore Tourism Board (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_31_2005-01-31.html) (STB).
This was in recognition of its achievements in terms of “unique venue appeal, facilities
and versatility in settings and excellence in service”.42
Swissotel The Stamford was home to the Games Village of the inaugural Asian Youth
Games (http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1574_2009-09-29.html) from 29 June to 7 July 2009.43
During this period, there were concerns over the H1N1 influenza outbreak
(http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1759_2011-01-28.html) in
Singapore. The hotel had in place
emergency measures: the ninth floor of the hotel was converted into a medical centre
and precautions and guidelines issued by the authorities were followed.44 Despite
such precautions, five athletes had to be quarantined for having contracted the H1N1
influenza during their stay.45
In June 2009, Fairmont Singapore signed a sponsorship agreement with the
Singapore Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee to be the official hotel
partner for the inaugural 2010 Youth Olympic Games
(http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1695_2010-07-23.html) .
46
Timeline
1969: Proposed plans for Raffles City (then Raffles International Centre) were
announced by DBS (http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2015-12-01_132040.html) .
Jul 1979: Raffles City Private Limited is formed to oversee building project.
3 Oct 1986: Raffles City officially opened by then Deputy Prime Minister and Defence
Minister Goh Chok Tong.
3 May 1987: Singapore’s first vertical marathon held at Westin Stamford.
13 Dec 1987: Phase Two of MRT network opened, marked by huge influx of visitors
into Raffles City.
1994: Spring In The City’s debut in the shopping centre.
Aug 2000: Amrita Spa, the largest luxury spa in Asia, opened in Raffles City.
Oct 2000: Sogo flagship store in Raffles City Shopping Centre closed.
15 Mar 2001: Robinsons opens new store at Sogo’s vacated premises. Marks &
Spencer follows by opening expanded outlet.
1 Jan 2002: Raffles International Group assumes management of hotels from Westin
Hotels. Westin The Stamford and Westin Plaza are renamed Swissotel The Stamford
and Raffles The Plaza respectively.
6–9 Jul 2005: Raffles City Convention Centre hosted 117th IOC session.
2006: Shopping centre revamp introduced new basement retail space.
2007: “Island podium” added for new shop space.
31 Dec 2007: FHR assumed management of the hotels, and Raffles The Plaza is
renamed Fairmont Singapore.
2008: Raffles City Convention Centre honoured with Best Event Venue Excellence
award by STB.
Jun 2009: Swissotel The Stamford signed agreement with SYOGOC to be official hotel
sponsor for the YOG in 2010.
29 Jun–7 Jul 2009: Swissotel The Stamford hosted the inaugural AYG Games Village.
Sep 2009: 60 dancers staged a flash mob in the shopping centre as advertising for
Dans Festival.
2010: Revamp of basement to introduce new food and retail stores.
Jun 2010: Dancers entertained shopping centre patrons as part of 10-day GSS
activities.
Aug 2010: HeritageFest 2010’s festival finale programme previewed in Raffles City
Shopping Centre, with 60 dancers putting up an international dance showcase.
Fairmont Singapore also managed accommodation of officials for inaugural YOG in
August and September.
Author
Kenneth Goh
References
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Further resources
Chua, G. (2009, August 7). Other ways to celebrate the nation’s birthday
(http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes20090807-1.2.41.12.3) .
The
Straits Times, p. 43. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
Tan, A. (2009, June 29). The road to AYG
(http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes20090629-1.2.83.5.1) .
The
Straits Times, p. 72. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
Zaknic, I., Smith, M. & Rice, D. (Eds.). (1998). 100 of the world’s tallest buildings
(http://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/item_holding.aspx?bid=9294952) . Victoria:
Images Publishing.
(Call no.: RART q720.483 ONE)
The information in this article is valid as at 28 January 2014 and correct as far as we
can ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete
history of the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the
topic.
Subject
Streets and Places (../search.aspx?q=Streets and Places&type=articles)