Operations Research
By
ABID HOSSAIN
ABUCUS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND MANAGEMENT
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 Name
 Roll Number
 Name
 Department
 Roll
Number
 Year
 Registration
 Semester No.
 Subject
 Department
 Subject code
 Year
 Assignment
: ABID HOSSAIN
 Semester
: 24000721045
: Pradip Indra
: B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering.
: 24000721022
: 3rd
: :2124000100720060
6th
: :B.Tech
in Mechanical
Engineering.
OPERATIONAL
RESEARCH
rd
: :3HM
HU 601
th
Of Operation Research
: :5History
 Subject
: Theory of Machines & Kinematics,
 Subject code
: PC- ME 503
 Assignment
: CA-1, Inversion of Single Slider Crank Mechanism
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Operations Research
Session Objectives:
 INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
 HISTORY OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
 APPLICATION OF OPERATION RESEARCH
 OPERATIONAL RESEARCH IN INDIA
 TO DISCUSS THE BASIC OPERATIONS RESEARCH CONCEPTS AND
TECHNIQUES FOR SOLVING PARTICULAR PROBLEM AND
IDENTIFICATION OF APPROPRIATE SOLUTION
 TO DEVELOP A RESEARCH PROPOSAL USING THE GENERAL
APPROACH FOR OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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What is operations research?
Operations Research (OR): applies
analytical methods to help organizations
make better decisions when solving
complex problems.
Managers use Operations Research to
make their organizations more
productive and efficient.
According Robert Penn, Operations
Research is “the application of scientific
principles to business management,
providing a quantitative basis for
complex decisions”
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Operational Research: is the application of
the methods of science to complex problems
arising in the direction and management of
large number of men, machines, materials and
money, in industry, business, government and
defense.
OR is the application of scientific methods,
techniques & tools to the problems involving
the operations of a system so as to provide
those in control of the system with optimum
solution to the problem.
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History of Operations Research
Operations research was born during the 2nd
World War mainly to deal with the problem of
allocation of scarce military resources for
their
optimal utilization.
British and American military strategists
jointly
delegated the task of applying scientific
approach to military problems to a selected
team of eminent scientists.
The name operations research (OR) is taken
directly from the context in which it was
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Main Application Areas/ Scope of
Operations Research
Military Applications
Agriculture
Environmental Protection
Facilities Location
Product-Mix
Production
Mixing or Blending
Transportation and Trans-Shipment
Portfolio Selection
Profit Planning and Contract
Media Selection/Evaluation
Staffing
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Delivery of health care
-Primary care
-Secondary care
-Tertiary care
Management
-Leadership
-Decision-making
-planning
-implementation
-monitoring and
evaluation
-information
Regulation
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Organized arrangement of
resources
-National health authorities
-Health insurance programmes
-Other governmental agencies
-Non-governmental agencies
-Independent private sector
Development of health resource
-Manpower
-Facilities
-Equipment and supplies January
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-Knowledge
Economic support
-Public sources of
finance
-Employers
-Organized voluntary agencies
-Local community
efforts
-Foreign Aid
-Private households
-Other
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OPERATIONAL RESEARCH IN INDIA
The Operational Research Society of India was founded in 1957 to provide a forum for
the Operational Research Scientists as well as an avenue to widen their horizon by
exchange of knowledge and application of techniques from outside the country. The
Society is affiliated to the International Federation of Operational Research Societies
(IFORS). The Headquarters of the Society is located in Kolkata at 39, Mahanirvan Road,
Kolkata , India. At present the Society has 12 Operating Chapters located in Agra,
Ahmedabad, Ajmer, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Durgapur,
Jamshedpur, Kolkata, Madurai, Mumbai and Tirupati. The Objectives of the Society
comprise advancement of, conducting of research in, study of, promotion and
propagation of knowledge in Operational Research and Allied Techniques through
exchange of information, as well as establishment, improvement and maintenance of
professional and academic standards of work known as Operational Research.
Contribution to the Society towards attainment of these objectives is eligible for
exemption of income tax under Section 80(G)(5)(vi) of the Income Tax Act 1961. The
Society Publishes a quarterly journal OPSEARCH, which brings out high quality and
state of the art papers in Operational Research. In order to provide opportunity to
professionals and students to equip themselves with the knowledge and usage of the
science of Operational Research, the Society is conducting an examination on Graduate
Diploma in Operational Research since 1973.
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Operations Research - Methodology
Operations
Research
Problem
Analysis
Solution
Development
Solution
Validation
Evaluation
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Implementation
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Operations Research Approach

Phase -I PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Define
the Operations
Research
Analyze
the problem and
divide into smaller units
Establish
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research priorities
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Operations Research Approach

Phase-II SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT
Specify
solution objectives
Specify decision variables and
stipulate constraints on the solution
Identify or construct an appropriate
model for solution development
Determine and obtain required data
Develop solutions using analytical
model
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Operations Research Approach

Phase-III SOLUTION VALIDATION
Design
field test
Implement field test
Evaluate the propose solution
 modify if necessary
Integrate the solution with the larger
system
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Phase -I, Problem Analysis
1. Define the operational problem

Discussion of problem with all stake- holders

Identifying subsystems

Develop objectives for subsystems

obtaining consensus on objectives of the subsystem
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Phase -I, Problem Analysis
2. Analyze the problem and divide into smaller units
Operational
problem is analyzed in
detail.
The problem is broken into
smaller
units.
This is presented graphically.
The graph shows inputs, outputs
and the outside factors.
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Phase -I, Problem Analysis
3. Establishing Research Priorities
 First
look at the system as a
whole and then as a cluster of
major subsystems.
 Then ask where one should
expect modifications to produce
the greatest positive impact on
outputs.
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Phase -II, Solution Development
1. Specify solution objectives

Solution objectives are statements of the desired solutions to the
operational problem.

These are usually stated in terms of system efficiency that is
conservation of inputs and maximization of outputs.

Fixed inputs with maximum outputs.

Minimum inputs with maximum outputs.
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Phase -II, Solution Development
2. Specify decision variables and
stipulate constraints on the solution


Decision variables are factors that both play a role
in determining how a system functions and are
also within the control of the system manager.
Amount
of ORS packets
Training
methods
Factors that limit the the practical range of one or
more decision variables are called constraints.
Socio-economic,
ethnicity, occupation,
educational level, weather, terrain
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Phase -II, Solution Development
3. Identify or construct an appropriate
model for solution development

Model building is the essence of the operations research

A model is the simplified representation of the real world
Resource
allocation
Networking
Cost-analysis
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Phase-III SOLUTION VALIDATION
1. Design field test
 How
believable are the outcome
of the field test.
Experimental
Non-experimental
Quasi-experimental
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Phase-III SOLUTION VALIDATION
2. Implementing the field test

Determination of requisite resources

Development of management scheme

Development of training material

Arrangements of obtaining human and other resources needed

Design of an information system
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Phase-III SOLUTION VALIDATION
3.Evaluating, modifying and integrating the
solutions

Continuous assessment to ensure refinements of inputs

Integrating the solution within the system
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THANK YOU
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