SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PPT
TOPIC: GROUP DYNAMICS
SUBMITTED BY:
NEHA A D
22PCP830
I – M Sc. Counselling Psychology
PPT CONTENT
Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or
implied presence of others.
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful citizens can change the
world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”
Margaret Mead
DEFINITION OF GROUP DYNAMICS:
A group can be defined as two or more individuals that are connected to
each another by social relationships. Groups tend to interact, influence
each other, and share a common identity.
• The social process by which people interact in a group
environment.
•
The influences of personality, power and behavior on the group
process.
TYPES OF GROUPS:
Primary groups are small groups with intimate, kin-based relationships:
families, for example. They commonly last for years. They are small and
display face to face interaction.
Secondary groups, in contrast to primary groups, are large groups whose
relationships are formal and institutional. They may last for years or may
disband after a short time. The formation of primary groups happens
within secondary groups.
Formal
Structured to perform specific tasks
Informal
Emerge naturally in response to organizational or member interests
Group Conformity:
Conformity is the process by which an individual's attitudes, beliefs, and
behaviors are influenced by other people.
This influence occurs in both small groups and society as a whole, and it
may be the result of subtle unconscious influences, or direct and overt
social pressure.
Group cohesiveness:
It is the force bringing group members closer together.
Cohesiveness has two dimensions: emotional (or personal) and taskrelated.
The emotional aspect of cohesiveness, which was studied more often, is
derived from the connection that members feel to other group members
and to their group as a whole.
That is, how much do members like to spend time with other group
members?
Do they look forward to the next group meeting?
Task-cohesiveness refers to the degree to which group members share
group goals and work together to meet these goals.
That is, is there a feeling that the group works smoothly as one unit or
do different people pull in different directions?
Group thinking:
Group thinking is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try
to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing,
analyzing, and evaluating ideas. Individual creativity, uniqueness, and
independent thinking are lost in the pursuit of group cohesiveness, as are
the advantages of reasonable balance in choice and thought that might
normally be obtained by making decisions as a group.
De-individuation:
De-individuation is the situation where anti-normative behavior is
released in groups in which individuals are not seen or paid attention to
as individuals. Simply put, de-individuation is immersion in a group to
the point of which the individual ceases to be seen as such.
GROUP SIZE:
Issues to be considered include opportunities:
• To express individual viewpoints
• To develop social relationships
• To ensure everyone participates
• For individual recognition
GROUP STRUCTURE:
• Ensure that all skill sets are included
• Examine the impact of a poor performer on group achievement
• Ensure a combination of leaders and followers
• Examine the potential for personality conflicts
• Impacts of member diversity
GROUP FORMATION:
Forming
Orientation, guidance (dependence)
Storming
Conflict, roles and responsibilities, rules and procedures, individual
recognition (counter dependence).
Norming
Issue resolution, develop social agreements, cohesion, establish group
norms (interdependence)
Performing
Mutual assistance, creativity, understanding goals and roles
(independence)
Adjourning
Closure, symbolism, ceremonies, and emotional support
GROUP FUNCTIONS:
• Task behaviors
• Maintenance behaviors
• Self-interest behaviors
TASK BEHAVIOURS:
• Initiating
• Information seeking/giving
• Clarifying ideas
• Bringing closure
• Consensus testing
MAINTAINENCE BEHAVIOURS:
• Encouraging
• Improving group atmosphere
• Harmonizing
• Compromising
• Gate-keeping
SELF – INTREST BEHAVIOURS:
• Dominating/controlling
• Blocking
• Manipulating
• Belittling
• Splitting hairs
GROUP NORMS:
• Social standards and acceptable behaviors
• Collectively held expectations of group functioning
• Provide regularity and predictability to group functioning
TYPES OF NORMS:
• Conduct
• Work performance/attendance
• Rearranging personal space
• Assisting co-workers
• Loyalty
• Dress codes
• Rewards
GROUP ROLES:
Assigned roles
Chair, secretary, manager, treasurer, etc.
Emergent roles
Confidant, group clown, gossip, mentor, etc.
FACTORS THAT IMPACT EFFECTIVENESS:
Role Ambiguity
Worker is unclear of job definition
Role Conflict
Worker experiences job overlapping in a setting.
Leadership:
Leadership is influencing people -- by providing purpose, direction, and
motivation -- while operating to accomplish the mission and improving
the organization."
Lewin's leadership styles:
Autocratic:
In the autocratic style, the leader takes decisions without consulting with
others.
Democratic:
In the democratic style, the leader involves the people in the decisionmaking, although the process for the final decision may vary from the
leader having the final say to them facilitating consensus in the group.
Characteristics Of Leadership:
• Authenticity
• Desire to Serve Others
• Empowering People Guided by Heart passion
• Compassion Recognize their shortcomings
• Lead with Purpose Build
• Enduring Relationships
• Clear Where They Stand
• Refuse to Compromise
• Develop Themselves
Functions of leadership:
HOW TO IMPACT AND INFLUENCE TO BRING CHANGES?
Implementation of Change
Effects Preparing for the change
Reducing Negative effects
The leader is the key player in decision-making
DUTIES OF THE LEADER:
• Establish the Rules
• Enforce the Rules
• Maintain Social Order
THANK YOU