1. Describe briefly the different steps involved in a research process.
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Identifying the research problem
-This is the first step to conduct research in order to formulate a research question. The
researchers need to consider the background of the problem, purpose of the study, and
availability of the information needed. A well-defined problem will help the researchers to
accomplish all-important aspects of the research process, from formulating objectives up to
selecting the study approach.
Review of Literature
-This is the next step that the researchers should take time to do since this process is one of the
most critical part of the research. It gives background information to the researchers about the
problem, thus developing an analytical framework to the problem. They will gain further
knowledge through the review of the literature regarding the studies that have already been
done in the field, their methods, and their findings. The results of the researcher's study and
those of the other studies may become more coherent.
Setting Research Questions, Objectives, and Hypotheses
-Formulating research questions through statement of the problem will guide the researchers
and readers to find the answers. An objective will state clearly what needs to be researched,
describe the kinds of data that should be gathered, and offer guidelines for the study's scope. A
hypothesis is an unproven claims or assumptions that can be rejected or not through empirical
evidence. Hypothetical statements make a prediction about a potential solution to a research
question.
Research Design
-The research design is the framework to answer the statement of the problem. This process
involves identifying what type of research will be used, determine the sample design that will be
used to gather data, and what methodology can be applied.
Data Collection
-This stage is the most crucial process since if you do not have a sample, you cannot gather data,
thus the research questions will be left unanswered. Data collection can be done through
observations, interviews, questionnaires, documents and records, simulation, survey, and focus
groups.
Data Analysis and Interpretations
-This step is centered on evaluating and interpreting the research findings and drawing a
conclusion that answers the research questions. The researchers need to make sure that the
conclusion is clear and precise based on the information gathered.
Conclusions
-This process is the last part of the research. It is dependent on the statement of the problem,
and data analysis. The reader is supposed to understand from the conclusion why your research
should be important to them. A conclusion is a summary of important elements, not just a
review of the arguments or a reiteration of your research problem. The recommendations
should be included to help the future researchers, and readers improve your research topic.
2. What do you mean by research? Explain its significance in Modern times.
-Research is defined as the development of new information and/or the innovative use of pre-existing
knowledge to produce innovative solutions, approaches, and thoughts. This might involve synthesizing
and analyzing earlier research to the point that it produces original and innovative results. It is the
methodical research into sources, materials, or other objects as well as their examination in order to
establish facts or form conclusions. The significance of research in this era are: finding solutions to the
existing problems, new inventions, understanding why the phenomenon occurs, and many more.
3. Distinguish between research methods and research methodology.
-Research method is to find solutions to existing problem, process or tools to conduct research like
surveys, experiments, and etc., and it is applied within the latter part of the research. While the research
methodology is a systematic process to find solutions to existing problem. It determines whether the
procedures used to find a solution and a drawn conclusion if it is valid, appropriate, and credible. It
analyzes the methods of the research, applied initially in the research, conducting surveys, experiment,
simulations, and etc...
4. Describe the different types of research, clearly pointing out the difference between an experiment
and a survey.
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Applied Research
- Applied research objective is to find a solution, and create useful scientific knowledge to a
problem in a society or in industry. It is seen as non-systematic inquiry and is typically conducted
by a business, government body, or individual to address a particular issue. Two types are:
technological and scientific.
Exploratory Research
-Exploratory research is conducted if an issue or phenomenon has few or no studies that exist.
The objective of this research is to find patterns, ideas, or hypotheses in which will be tested. It
is mostly used in case studies.
Descriptive Research
-Descriptive researched is used to identify the elements or characteristics of the problem
without investigating it too much in order to not affect the observed phenomenon. Quantitative
techniques is used since you need to collect, analyze and interpret the data that you gathered.
Analytical Research
-Analytical research is the extension of descriptive research in which explains why or how the
phenomenon happens. This type of research focuses on the cause-and-effect relationship.
Students, doctors, and psychologists use this type of research to find the newest information
relevant to their topic.
Predictive Research
-Predictive research objective is to speculate and predict intelligently on the future outcomes,
possibilities based on the analytical analysis of the evidences, and occurrence of the problem,
and where the problem will occur.
Field Research
- Field research data is directly gathered at the site where the observed phenomena happen. An
example is a manufacturing plant hires an environmental engineering firm to test the air quality
at the plant to ensure it complies with federal health and safety requirements. The researchers
travel to the plant to collect samples.