Pili Parochial School Inc
San Antonio, Pili, Camarines Sur
The First Catholic Elementary School in Pili
piliparochialschool@gmail.com
UNDERSTANDING
CULTURE,
SOCIETY,
AND
POLITICS
MODULE 1
Name: ___________________________________________
Grade and Section: ________________________________
Date of Submission: ________________________________
Prepared by:
RALPH ROMEO A. ARAÑO
Teacher
PILI PAROCHIAL SCHOOL INC
(The First Catholic Elementary School in Pili)
San Antonio, Pili, Camarines Sur
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
Main Points in Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Module 2
A. INTRODUCTION
This module will guide you to raise awareness of every individual in the society, how
you will carry responsibilities in accordance to the culture of the society leading towards
nation-building. To have a dynamic society, Politics is also needed for this will create an
impact to the life of every individual on how everyone will behave in the society and
their relationships to other people
B. MODULE CONTENT
Module 1 has 2 lessons, to wit:
 Lesson 1 – Concepts of Culture, Society, and Politics
 Lesson 2 – Historical Background and Growth of Social Sciences
C. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. define Culture, Society, and Politics,
2. compare and contrast Culture, Society, and Politics
3. explore the significant personalities that paved way to the development of the Social
Sciences; and
D. PRE-TEST
Instruction: Read the following instructions CAREFULLY. Avoid erasures.
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is is a way of life of a group of people, the behaviors, beliefs, values
A. Society
B. Politics
C. Culture
D. Customs
2. The art of the exercise of power; the combination of individuals or parties
A. Society
B. Politics
C. Culture
D. Customs
3. A group of individuals which is characterized by common interest and may have
distinctive culture and institutions.
A. Society
B. Politics
C. Culture
D. Customs
4. What branches of Social Sciences must we study if we want to know the behavior
and thoughts of the people?
A. Sociology
B. Psychology
C. Anthropology D. Archaeology
5. What branches of Social Sciences must we study if we want to know the past?
A. Archaeology
B. Geology
C. Anthropology D. History
6. What branches of Social Sciences must we study if we want to know the value of our
goods and resources?
A. Economics
B. Statistics
C. Linguistics
D. Politics
7. Sapere Aude, during the Age of Enlightenment means _______________.
A. Have courage to use your own reason
B. No one is above the law except itself
C. Ours is a government of laws and not of men
D. Delegate powers cannot be delegated
8. Known as the Father of Politics
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
9. He was inspired by the 3 Antiquities which lead him to study people, languages, and
beliefs.
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
10. He proposed “The Republic”.
A. Socrates
B. Plato
11. He used the Question and Answer to gain more knowledge and reason.
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
12. This movement began because of Nicholaus Copernicus’s idea on Heliocentrism.
A. Scientific Revolution B. Age of Reason C. Reformation
D. Age of Enlightenment
13. He led the Age of Enlightenment where people used reason to question everything.
A. Martin Luther B. Sir Francis Bacon
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Rene Descartes
14. At the age of 7, he was able to figure out and propose Geometry and Algebra.
A. Martin Luther B. Sir Francis Bacon
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Rene Descartes
15. While sitting in a Tree, an apple fell down on his head which lead to the discovery of
Gravity.
A. Isaac Newton B. Sir Francis Bacon
C. Nicholaus Copernicus D. Rene Descartes
E. LESSON PROPER/DISCUSSION
Lesson 1 – Concepts of Culture, Society, and Politics
CULTURE
is a way of life of a group of people, the behaviors, beliefs, values,
and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them,
and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one
generation to the next.
SOCIETY
is a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by common
interest and may have distinctive culture and institutions.
POLITICS
The art of the exercise of power; the combination of individuals or
parties (groups) making decisions that affect others and institutions
(i.e., government, legal system, military, police) that governs based
on those decisions.
BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
1. Sociology
- is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of
human behavior.
2. Anthropology
-is the study of people throughout the world, their evolutionary history, how they behave,
adapt to different environments, communicate and socialise with one another.
3. Political Science
-focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state,
national, and international levels.
4. Psychology
- a scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans
and other animals.
5. Economics
-is the study of scarcity and its implications for the use of resources, production of goods
and services, growth of production and welfare over time
6. Archaeology
-is the study of the societies and peoples of the past by examining the remains of their
buildings, tools, and other objects.
7. Geology
-a science that deals with the history of the earth and its life especially as recorded in
rocks.
8. Geography
-the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity
as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and
resources, land use, and industries.
9. Statistics
-the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity
as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and
resources, land use, and industries.
10. Linguistics
-is concerned with the nature of language and communication. It deals both with the
study of particular languages, and the search for general properties common to all
languages or large groups of languages.
11. History
- the study of the past – specifically the people, societies, events and problems of the
past – as well as our attempts to understand them.
12. Law
-a rule, usually made by a government, that is used to order the way in which a society
behaves.
13. Media Studies
-is a discipline that deals with the content and history of mass media.
14. Philosophy
-is a way of thinking about certain subjects such as ethics, thought, existence, time,
meaning and value
15. Criminology
-is the study of crime and criminal behavior.
F. ACTIVITY 1.1 – CULTURE VS. SOCIETY VS. POLITICS
Define, compare, and contrast the three (3) given concepts below.
SOCIETY
CULTURE
POLITICS
Lesson 2 – Historical Background of Social Sciences
Social Sciences can be traced back to Greek Civilization (800 B.C. – 323 B.C.)
ANTIQUITIES OF THE BIRTH AND GROWTH OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
SOCRATES
The Father of Philosophy, Proponent of Socratic Method (Q&A)
PLATO
Proposed and published “The Republic” (Indirect Democracy)
ARISTOTLE Considered the Father of Politics, proposed the Theory of Constitutions
AL-BIRUNI
-was inspired by the 3 Antiquities which led him to study Social Science.
-he studied the languages, people, and beliefs.
 Before the birth of modern social sciences in the West, the study of society,
culture and politics were based on social and political philosophy. In return, social
and political philosophies were informed by theological reasoning grounded in
Revelation based on the holy bible.
 Before the Modern Period, the growth of the Social Science was slowed down
because of the dominance of religious authority and tradition.
UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
1. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
-refers to historical changes in thought, belief, to changes in social and institutional
organization
-unfolded in Europe from 1550-1700
-begun because of Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)
Social Scientists during the Scientific Revolution Era
a. Nicholaus Copernicus - proponent of Heliocentrism
b. Isaac Newton – proposed the Universal Laws of Motion
c. Sir Francis Bacon – Reason over imagination and Scientific Method
d. Rene Descartes – Proponent of Geometry and Algebra
2. AGE OF REASON (16th to 17th century)
-nature was to be controlled, “bound into service and made a slave”.
-Once the physical universe was considered a machine, it soon became apparent that
human beings can explore it using SCIENCE in order to reveal its secrets.
3. REFORMATION
-Reformers argued that salvation in Christianity was a completed status based on faith in
Jesus alone and not a process that requires good works, as in the Catholic view
Martin Luther
-eroded the power of the Roman Catholic Church and started the publication of “The
Ninety Five Theses.”
4. AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
-Large culturally movement, emphasizing rationalism, as well as political and economic
theories, and was clearly built on Scientific Revolution.
Immanuel Kant
- He challenged the use of Metaphysics or the quest of absolute truth derived mainly
from theological tradition.
- He also advocated the use of reason in order to know the nature of the world and
human beings.
ENLIGHTENMENT - is a man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage
TUTELAGE
-is a man’s inability to make use of his
understanding without direction from
another.
SELF-INCURRED
- tutelage when its cause lies not in lack of
reason but in lack of resolution and courage
to use it without the direction of one
another.
SAPERE AUDE – “Have the courage to use your own reason.”
F. ACTIVITY 1.2 – EXPLORING PERSONALITIES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES
Identify the pictures provided below. Be able to fill-out their contributions in the study of Social
Sciences.
PERSONALITIES
1.
2.
CONTRIBUTIONS
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
G. POST TEST/ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Read the following instructions CAREFULLY. Avoid erasures.
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is is a way of life of a group of people, the behaviors, beliefs, values
A. Society
B. Politics
C. Culture
D. Customs
2. The art of the exercise of power; the combination of individuals or parties
A. Society
B. Politics
C. Culture
D. Customs
3. A group of individuals which is characterized by common interest and may have
distinctive culture and institutions.
A. Society
B. Politics
C. Culture
D. Customs
4. What branches of Social Sciences must we study if we want to know the behavior
and thoughts of the people?
A. Sociology
B. Psychology
C. Anthropology D. Archaeology
5. What branches of Social Sciences must we study if we want to know the past?
A. Archaeology
B. Geology
C. Anthropology D. History
6. What branches of Social Sciences must we study if we want to know the value of our
goods and resources?
A. Economics
B. Statistics
C. Linguistics
D. Politics
7. Sapere Aude, during the Age of Enlightenment means _______________.
A. Have courage to use your own reason
B. No one is above the law except itself
C. Ours is a government of laws and not of men
D. Delegate powers cannot be delegated
8. Known as the Father of Politics
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
9. He was inspired by the 3 Antiquities which lead him to study people, languages, and
beliefs.
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
10. He proposed “The Republic”.
A. Socrates
B. Plato
11. He used the Question and Answer to gain more knowledge and reason.
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Al-Biruni
12. This movement began because of Nicholaus Copernicus’s idea on Heliocentrism.
A. Scientific Revolution B. Age of Reason C. Reformation
D. Age of Enlightenment
13. He led the Age of Enlightenment where people used reason to question everything.
A. Martin Luther B. Sir Francis Bacon
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Rene Descartes
14. At the age of 7, he was able to trace lines and proposed Geometry and Algebra.
A. Martin Luther B. Sir Francis Bacon
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Rene Descartes
15. While sitting under a tree during the Pandemic, an apple fell down on his head which
lead to the discovery of Gravity.
A. Isaac Newton B. Sir Francis Bacon
C. Nicholaus Copernicus D. Rene Descartes
16. Why did Immanuel Kant led the Age of Enlighenment?
A. He advocated the use of reason.
B. He rebelled against the Government and Church during the Medieval Times.
C. He argued that salvation in Christianity was a completed status based on faith
D. He told that nature was to be controlled, “bound into service and made a slave”
17. A scientific explaination which states that the Sun is the center of the Solar System.
A. Geocentrism
B. Heliocentrism
C. Heliotropism
D. Geotropism
18. A scientific explaination which states that the Earth is the center of the Solar System.
A. Geocentrism
B. Heliotropism
C. Geotropism
D. Heliocentrism
19. In this Age, once the physical universe was considered a machine, it soon became
apparent that human beings can explore it using SCIENCE in order to reveal its secrets.
A. Martin Luther B. Sir Francis Bacon
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Rene Descartes
20. All are Branches of the Social Sciences, EXCEPT
A. Media studies B. Human Rights
C. Etymology
D. Geography
III. TRUE OR FALSE. Write the word TRUE if the following statement is correct. If
wrong, write the word FALSE on the blank spaces provided.
________________ 21. The Birth of the Social Sciences slowed down due to dominance
of the religious authority and tradition.
________________ 22. Reformers argued that salvation in Christianity was a completed
status based on reason.
________________ 23. Nature was to be controlled during the Age of Reason.
________________ 24. In gathering information under Science, people use Analytical
understanding to explain the nature of the universe and human beings.
________________ 25. The process of using reason is called, Rationalization
________________ 26. 95 theses was published by Immanuel Kant on the doors of the
Churches.
________________ 27. Claudius Ptolemy proposed the Geo-centrism.
________________ 28. Enlightenment is a man’s release from his self-occured tutelage.
________________ 29. The study of the Social Sciences can be traced back to the
Medieval Period.
________________ 30. Scientific Revolution began because of Nicholas Copernicus.
III. MATCHING TYPE. Match the following words located in the Column A to the
words or phrases located in the Column B that best describes the answer. Write your
answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the blank spaces provided.
Column A
Column B
_________ 31. Isaac Newton
A. Absolute Truth
_________ 32. Al-Biruni
B. Languages and Beliefs
_________ 33. Immanuel Kant
C. Enlightenment
_________ 34. Metaphysics
D. Breakdown of Church
_________ 35. René Descartes
E. Universal Law of Motion
_________ 36. Plato
F. Geocentrism
_________ 37. French Revolution
G. Geometry and Algebra
_________ 38. Claudius Ptolemy
H. The Republic
_________ 39. 95-theses
I. Martin Luther
_________ 40. Socrates
J. Question and Answer
IV. FILL-IN THE BLANKS. Fill-in the missing words on the blank spaces provided.
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of 41. ______________,
in order to build a just and 42. ______________ society, and establish a 43.
_______________________ that shall embody our ideals and 44.
___________________, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and 45. _________ to ourselves and our 46. __________________ the
blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of 47. ______________, and a
regime of truth, justice, 48. __________________, love, equality, and 49.
____________, do ordain and promulgate this 50. ______________________.
IV. ESSAY. Answer the following questions. (10pts)
1. As a student apart from having an awareness of the lessons, what do you think is the
importance of studying Culture, Society, and Politics? How can you apply this in your
life?
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RUBRICS FOR ESSAY
CRITERIA
Ideas and
Content
Organization
Conventions
BELOW
AVERAGE
(4)
An opinion is
given.
The
reasons given
tend to be
weak
or
inaccurate.
May get-off
topic.
EXCELLENT
(10)
SUPERIOR
(8)
AVERAGE
(6)
POOR
(2)
The
paper
clearly states
an
opinion,
gives 3 or more
clear
&
detailed
reasons,
and
plenty
of
examples
to
support it.
The paper has a
beginning with
an interesting
lead, middle,
and an ending.
It is in an order
that
makes
sense.
Paragraphs are
indented and
have topic and
closing
sentences.
The Spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization,
and grammar
are
correct.
Only
minor
edits
are
needed.
An opinion is
given. Ideas
are in detail.
Reasons and
examples are
evident.
An opinion is
given.
Reasons are
simple
but
still
lacks
examples.
The
paper
has
a
beginning,
middle, and
end.
The
order makes
sense.
Paragraphs
are indented
and
some
have
topic
and closing
sentences.
The spelling,
punctuation,
and caps are
usually
correct. Only
a
few
problems
with
grammar.
The
paper
has
a
beginning
and ending.
Ideas are in
order. There
are only a
few problems
with
the
paragraphs.
The
paper
has
an
attempt at a
beginning
&/or ending.
Some
idea
may seem out
of
order.
Some
problems
with
paragraphs.
There is no
real
beginning or
ending. The
ideas seem
loosely
strung
together. No
paragraph
formatting.
There are few
errors
that
make
the
writing hard
to read and
understand.
The writing
is
almost
impossible
for
the
readers
to
read because
of errors.
The writing
seems like it
has no ending
or pause. The
writer does
not
know
how to carry
the reader’s
attention.
The opinion
and support
is
buried,
confused, and
or unclear.