Trboeifbeth Jésokh bf ^brgos db Iuthroziáëh [I^ Abrbekoifbeth db Rsuérohs, Iuthroziáòbs b ^brgos db Ikbssh Wosëh Abril Hs usuérohs dh [I^ Z/; sëh dbgoeodhs oetbreifbetb dbetrh dh sostbfi Z/; b eëh mé ebemufi ebkbssodidb db abrbekoifbeth db usuérohs eh sostbfi hpbrikoheil hu eh jiekh db didhs, î bxkbáëh di diqu qubl blbs bs us usué uéro rohs hs bspb bspbko koio ioss dbgo dbgoeo eodh dhss ei oest oestil iliá iáëh ëh pidr pidrëh ëh,, ti tios os khfh khfh h <[OD <[OD5i 5idf df,, h [I^[brvokb<[OD5, h hri<sod5, hu hutrhs, dbpbedbedh di plitighrfi dh sostbfi hpbrikoheil b di jisb db didhs. Hs usuérohs sëh dbgoeodhs b fietodhs ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh b i sbaurieái dh sostbfi ï airietodi khf h ush dis iuthroziáòbs b dhs pbrgos dh sostbfi [I^ Z/;. Bstb dhkufbeth triti di abràekoi abril dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, dhs kifphs b dis hpáòbs dospheævbos. Fis h oetbrbssb proekopil dhs idfoeostridhrbs db sostbfi b abrbetbs db prh`bth quiedh ofplietif h sostbfi Z/; ï khfh issbaurir hs fïthdhs khrrbths db sbaurieái piri h ikbssh db usuérohs î oeghrfiáëh dh ebaûkoh. ebaûkoh. H sostbfi [I^ ghrebkb ghrebkb ufi fiebori db dbtilmidi tilmidi b glbxævbl piri prhtba prhtbabr br hs didhs b is triesiáòbs khetri h ush eëh iuthrozidh. Ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, usuérohs sëh itrojuædhs i uf hu fios pbrgos db iuthroziáëh. Bstbs pbrgos db iuthroziáëh sëh khestruædhs phr uf khe`ueth db iuthroziáòbs, qub dëh provolïaohs db ikbssh i dogbrbetbs blbfbeths dh sostbfi. Ilïf dossh, is iuthroziáòbs khetàf hj`bths db iuthroziáëh qub phr sui vbz phssubf vilhrbs hu gioxi db vilhrbs pbrfotodhs piri dogbrbetbs betodidbs dh sostbfi hu db ebaûkoh dbetrh dh [I^ Z/;. Abrbekoir iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos db ikbssh ï ufi tirbgi khfplbxi b qub kheshfb tbfph dbetrh dhs prh`bths db ofplbfbetiáëh b phstbrohrfbetb sui fieutbeáëh b suphrtb ih [I^. I [I^ [ I^ prh`bthu ufi gbrrifbeti piri rbduzor h tbfph ebkbsséroh piri ofplbfbetir b abrbekoir is iuthroziáòbs, dofoeuoedh issof hs kusths di ofplietiáëh. Bsti gbrrifbeti ï khembkodi khfh “^rhgolb Abebrithr‖. H ^rhgolb Abebrithr ï uf utolotéroh di [I^ dospheævbl dbsdb i vbrsëh ;.>G b prhdutovh dbsdb i vbrsëh ;.9A, khf h hj`btovh db threir i khegoauriáëh b h abrbekoifbeth dis iuthroziáòbs b dhs pbrgos db usuéroh fios oetuotovh. Blb phdb sbr usidh piri kroir iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos b iuthfitokifbetb itrojuæ-lhs ihs usuérohs. I dbgoeoáëh dhs pbrgos usiedh h ^rhgolb Abebrithr ï jisbidi ei phssojolodidb db iarupir gueáòbs phr aruphs db itovodidb bf uf fbeu di bfprbsi. Hs aruphs db itovodidb ghrfif uf khe`ueth db tirbgis hu itovodidbs qub phdbf sbr bxbkutidis eh sostbfi, tios khfh i bxbkuáëh db prharifis, triesiáòbs b hutris gueáòbs qub rbprbsbetif abrilfbetb pipïos db trijilmh. Ebstb dhkufbeth thdhs hs khekboths sëh oetrhduzodhs khf ilaues bxbfplhs prétokhs qub tritif dh prhkbssh db khekbdbr dorboths db ikbssh b db prhtbabr hs blbfbeths dh sostbfi. Rfi sbáëh goeil dh kipætulh khjrb h tûpokh db hraieoziáëh dh abrbekoifbeth dhs rbaostrhs fbstrb dh usuéroh dh pheth db vosti dis tirbgis bevhlvodis bf khekbdbr dorboths db ikbssh ihs usuérohs. Wosëh Abril di Idfoeostriáëh dhs Rsuérohs Khfh idfoeostridhr dh [I^ hu ufi pbsshi dh suphrtb, i fieopuliáëh db usuérohs eëh dbvb abrir fiohrbs prbhkupiáòbs sb dbtbrfoeidis rbaris b dorbtrozbs ghrbf sbauodis dbsdb h khfbáh dh prh`bth. Osth, betrbtieth, eëh sb iploki ei fieutbeáëh db iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos db ikbssh, qub sëh soaeogokietbs ehs prh`bths b bxoabf bsghráhs betrb h pbsshil guekoheil [I^ b h pbsshil tïkeokh. I rizëh dossh ï qub abrilfbetb hs idfoeostridhrbs dh sostbfi [I^ eëh tàf qub tritir db khosis khfh khekbdbr h ikbssh i dbtbrfoeidhs usuérohs piri khetis bspbkægokis dh lovrh-rizëh, kbetrhs db kusth hu géjrokis prhdutovis. Ossh ï gueáëh dhs bspbkoilostis bf kusthfoziáëh, dbsbevhlvbdhrbs hu khesulthrbs db ebaûkoh dbgoeor is betodidbs qub dbvif sbr prhtbaodis phr fboh dhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. Bsti tirbgi ï rbilfbetb ofphrtietb b phdb triesghrfir-sb bf uf qubjri kijbáis qub lbviré fuoth tbfph piri rbshlvbr, dbpbedbedh dh ariu db sbaurieái dbsb`idh b dh eðfbrh db usuérohs b fûdulhs qub bstëh sbedh ofplbfbetidhs. : I pirtb gékol di idfoeostriáëh dh usuéroh triti db khosis tios khfh i kroiáëh dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, i fudieái db sbemis, i i`udi ei dbgoeoáëh dhs vilhrbs dbgiults dhs usuérohs b ei hraieoziáëh dis tirbgis db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh. Abrbekoiedh hs Zbaostrhs Fbstrbs dh Rsuéroh [ofolir ih rbsth dh sostbfi [I^ Z/;, hedb mé uf fbstrb db fitbroil, uf fbstrb db ghrebkbdhr b issof phr doietb, hs usuérohs tifjïf phssubf uf fbstrb db usuéroh. Hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh dbgoebf is khetis db usuéroh piri pbrfotor h ikbssh ih sostbfi. Khetàf hutris tblis khf kifphs idokoheios ilïf dh usuéroh OD, ilaues dhs quios sëh ipbeis piri goeilodidbs db oeghrfiáëh (fis sëh, thdivoi ofphrtietbs) b hutrhs phdbf threir i vodi fios gékol piri usuérohs b idfoeostridhrbs. Hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh khetàf thdi i oeghrfiáëh db ikbssh ebkbsséroi ih sostbfi piri vilodir uf lhahe db usuéroh b itrojuor i usuérohs dorboths db ikbssh ih sostbfi, til khfh sbemis b pbrgos db iuthroziáëh. Mé fuotis oeghrfiáòbs bxtris bf uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh, oekluoedh quil tbli oeokoil hs usuérohs bxbkutirëh quiedh oeokoirbf ufi sbssëh eh sostbfi, quil ofprbsshri bsté itrojuædi phr dbgiult b hs bedbrbáhs b eðfbrhs db tblbgheb dhs usuérohs. Ilaues dhs kifphs sëh `ustifbetb piri goeilodidbs db oeghrfiáëh, bequieth hutrhs tàf bgboth dorbth ih ifjobetb db guekoheifbeth dhs usuérohs. ^iri ikbssir is gueáòbs db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh itrivïs dh fbeu proekopil, sblbkoheb “Gbrrifbetis‖ “Idfoeostriáëh‖ “Ituiloziáëh usuéroh‖ “Rsuéroh‖, hu doaotb h kûdoah db triesiáëh [R>9 eh kifph db khfiedh. I goauri 9 fhstri i tbli oeokoil db idfoeostriáëh db usuérohs. Bsti tbli fhstri h kifph db betridi piri bspbkogokir uf usuéroh oedovoduil piri i quil iáòbs idfoeostritovis sbrëh bxbkutidis. ^iri bekhet bek hetrir rir uf usuéro usuérohh pirtok pirtokuli ulirr quiedh quiedh vhkà vhkà eëh khembk khembkbb h usuéro usuérohh OD iprhpr iprhproid oidh, h, vhkà vhkà phdb phdb sblbkoheir i losti dis betridis phssævbos itrivïs di sbti b betëh klokir shjrb h ækheb di losti ei kioxi db doélhah. Goauri 90 Tbli oeokoil piri idfoeostriáëh dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. ; ^iri bxbkutir gueáòbs shjrb uf aruph db usuérohs, h sostbfi oekluo ilaufis hpáòbs shj h fbeu “Ifjobetb‖ “Fhdogokiáëh bf fissi‖. Osth sbré bxplokidh bf ufi sbáëh phstbrohr. Kroiedh usuérohs Di tbli oeokoil db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh, khfh fhstridh ei goa. 9, mé fuotis hpáòbs dospheævbos. Ehrfilfbetb, h kifph db betridi piri h kifph db usuéroh bsté vizoh, bxkbth sb vhkà bstovbr trijilmiedh bf hutris gueáòbs db fieutbeáëh db usuéroh prbvoifbetb ei fbsfi sbssëh. Hs rbaost rbaostrhs rhs fbstrb fbs trbsskidi dh fiedietb usuéro usuérohh sëh klo betb-d b-dbpb bpbedb edbetb etbs, qub soa soaeog eogoki qub blbs blbILJBZTH s sëh dbgoeo dbgoeodhs dhs sbpiridifbetb piri dh klobet sostbfi [I^. ^hrs,bxbfplh, sboki h usuéroh bsté dbgoeodh eh fiedietb >>;, fis eëh eh fiedietb >>2, blb eëh phdbré betrir eh fiedietb >>2. ^iri kroir uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh vhkà phssuo duis hpáòbs0 dbgoeo-lh khfplbtifbetb dh eidi hu khpoé-lh db uf hutrh usuéroh hu db uf usuéroh db rbgbràekoi qub vhkà tbemi dbgoeodh prbvoifbetb. Is sbáòbs sbauoetbs bxplokif ifjhs hs fïthdhs. Kroiedh Ehvhs Rsuérohs dh Eidi Dh fbeu db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh ([R>9), betrb khf h ehfb piri h usuéroh ehvh b kloqub shjrb h ækheb “Kroir‖, hu khf h jhtëh dorboth dh fhusb sblbkoheb i tbkli db gueáëh G= hu ioedi sblbkoheb eh fbeu “Rsuéroh‖ “Kroir‖. I goauri : fhstri ufi tbli sofolir i qub vhkà rbkbjbré. H sostbfi fhstri is dovbrsis sbssòbs dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh itrivïs dis ijis supbrohrbs. Whkà phdb vosuilozir ijis idokoheios sb vhkà tovbr oestilidh oetbrgikbs db sbaurieái, tios khfh uf prhduth [EK-khfpitævbl. Goauri :0 Kroiedh uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh dh eidi. Hs profborhs didhs qub h sostbfi fhstri khrrbsphedbf î oeghrfiáëh dh bedbrbáh. Iquo h ðltofh ehfb ï uf kifph fieditûroh qub dbvb sbr khfplbtidh piri or i hutris sbssòbs. Whkà phdb fhvbr piri grbetb b piri trés betrb is ijis klokiedh eblis. Betrbtieth, quilqubr kifph fieditûroh ebssis suj-tblis dbvbf sbr prbbekmodhs ietbs qub vhkà phssi sb fhvbr piri ufi hutri sbssëh. 4 H kifph fieditûroh fios ofphrtietb ï i sbemi, sotuidi shj i iji dhs “Didhs lhahe‖, khfh fhstri i goa. ;. Betrb khf ufi sbemi eh kifph “sbemi oeokoil‖ b rb-doaotb-i eh sbauedh kifph (kifph db vbrogokiáëh). Hs prûprohs usuérohs phdbf iltbrir oeghrfiá oeghrfiáòbs òbs khrrbsphedbetbs ih bedbrbáh, vilhrbs goxhs b hs pirêfbtrhs sblbkoheiedh voi “[ostbfi‖ “Bspbkogs.dh usuéroh‖ “Didhs prûprohs‖ sb blbs tovbrbf i iuthroziáëh rbqubrodi. Goaurb ;0 Iji “Didhs lhahe‖ di tbli db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh. Yuiedh hs kifphs fieditûrohs bstovbrbf prbbekmodhs, vhkà phdb silvir h usuéroh klokiedh eh jhtëh “Arivir‖. Ï ofphrtietb, betrbtieth, itrojuor ih fbehs ilaues pbrgos db iuthroziáëh ih usuéroh3 sb eëh blb eëh phdbré bxbkutir ebemufi tirbgi. Dbphos qub uf usuéroh gho kroidh, thdi i fhdogokiáëh ihs kifphs dh fbstrb dh usuéroh ï gboti betriedh h usuéroh OD eh kifph db betridi dh usuéroh ei tbli oeokoil db fieutbeáëh db usuérohs ([R>9) b klokiedh eh jhtëh “Fhdogokir‖. Khpoiedh Rsuérohs db Zbaostrhs Fbstrbs db Zbgbràekoi Ih oevïs db dbgoeor thdhs hs usuérohs Z/; uf phr uf dh eidi, ï abrilfbetb fblmhr dbgoeor ilaues rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh db fhdblh (rbgbràekoi) b kroir ehvhs usuérohs khfh kûpoi dbstbs fhdblhs, fhdogokiedh shfbetb ilaues kifphs. Gizbedh dbsti fiebori rbduz-sb h tbfph ebkbsséroh piri i kroiáëh db usuérohs, bspbkoilfbetb eh khfbáh db vodi dh sostbfi. Bstbs fhdblhs hu usuérohs db rbgbràekoi phdbf sbr usuérohs ehrfios dh sostbfi Z/;. ^hr bxbfplh, suphemi qub sui bfprbsi bsté ofplietiedh h Z/; piri khetrhlir is vbedis b i dostrojuoáëh, i abràekoi db fitbroios b is goeieáis. ^hssov ^hs sovblf blfbet betbb mivbré mivbré usuéro usuérohs hs qub girëh girëh pbd pbdodh odhss eh sos sostbf tbfi, i, hutrhs hutrhs qub gir girëh ëh h tri trijil jilmh mh db khetijolodidb b hutrhs khf dogbrbetbs dogbrbetbs tirbgis. Ebstbs kishs, vhkà phdb phdb kroir uf usuéroh db rbgbràekoi piri h fûdulh db vbedis b usir bssb rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh khfh rbgbràekoi piri kroir h rbstietb. H fbsfh prhkbssh phdb sbr gboth piri hs usuérohs db hutrhs fûdulhs. ^iri kroir uf usuéroh ehvh khfh kûpoi db uf usuéroh db rbgbràekoi, ei tbli oeokoil di fieutbeáëh dhs usuérohs ([R>9), betrb khf h ehfb dh usuéroh db rbgbràekoi eh kifph db betridi b prbssoheb h jhtëh “Khpoir‖. H sostbfi fhstriré ufi tbli sofolir i fhstridi ei goa. 4. 2 Goaurb 40 Kioxi db doélhah piri kûpoi db usuérohs. Khfh vhkà phdb vbr ei goa. 4, vhkà phdb dbkodor quil pirtb dh rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh khpoir. Whkà phdb qubrbr khpoir ipbeis hs pbrgos hu ipbeis h bedbrbáh, hu fbsfh ipbeis hs vilhrbs goxhs. Bf thdh h kish, vhkà tbré qub bspbkogokir ufi sbemi ehvi piri h ehvh usuéroh. Hs hutrhs vilhrbs piri is tblis sbauoetbs phdbf sbr fhdogokidhs ipbeis sb vhkà bstovbr kroiedh uf ehvh usuéroh. ^iri fhdogokir quilqubr vilhr db kifph db betridi, ipbeis doaotb shjrb h kifph eh fhdh shjrb-bskrbvbr. Kifphs dhs Zbaostrhs Fbstrbs dh Rsuéroh [b vhkà bstovbr kroiedh hu fhdogokiedh hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, is tblis dh Z/; piri i triesiáëh db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh fhstrif dovbrshs kifphs db betridi. Hs kifphs fios ofphrtietbs sëh fhstridhs ijioxh0 [bemi oeokoil. I sbemi piri h profborh oeækoh db ufi sbssëh khf h usuéroh OD. I sbemi dbvb sbr betridi duis vbzbs bf uf kifph db vbrogokiáëh, piri kbrtogokir sb eëh mhuvb ebemuf brrh db doaotiáëh. I prûxofi sbáëh bxplokiré h abrbekoifbeth db sbemis dh pheth db vosti dh idfoeostridhr. Aruph db usuéroh. Ehfb dh aruph db usuéroh i qub bstb usuéroh usuéroh dbvb sbr itrojuædh. Bstb ï uf kifph ðtol piri dovodor i fieutbeáëh db usuéroh betrb aruphs. ^hr bxbfplh, vhkà phdb kroir hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh db uf aruph pirtokulir, fis eëh db hutrhs. Ietbs qub vhkà phssi itrojuor uf aruph, h fbsfh dbvb tbr sodh kroidh ietbs. Toph db usuéro Toph usuéroh. h. Mé quitrh quitrh top tophs hs db usuéro usuérohh dos dosphe pheævb ævbos, os, kidi kidi quil quil ghr ghrebk ebkbb pro provol volïao ïaohs hs bspbkoios db ikbssh dbpbedbedh dh toph db prhkbssifbeth. H usuéroh oetbritovh hu ehrfil dbvb sbr dh toph doélha qub ï h dbgiult. Hutrhs tophs db usuérohs sëh0 h JDK0 ghrebkb provolïaohs db ikbssh piri sbssòbs db prhkbssifbeth jitkm oeput. h Jikcarhued0 ghrebkb provolïaohs db ikbssh ih prhkbssifbeth db @hjs jikcarhued. h K^OK0 usuéroh bspbkoil dh sostbfi piri h Aitbwiy [I^ b i khfueokiáëh betrb hs prhkbsshs dhs sbrvodhrbs db iplokiáëh. H sostbfi Z/; ebkbssoti tbr uf usuéroh K^OK dbgoeodh piri phdbr bxbkutir prharifis bxtbrehs db dbetrh dh [I^ Z/;. Rf usuéroh phdb shfbetb sbr itrojuædh i uf toph db usuéroh. Wilodidb. Ebstb kifph hpkoheil, hs idfoeostridhrbs phdbf betrir uf pbræhdh db tbfph bf qub h usuéroh OD ï vélodh. Bfjhri bstb kifph sb`i dboxidh grbqübetbfbetb vizoh, blb phdb sbr fuoth fuo th ðto ðtoll dbetrh dbetrh db ufi phlætok phlætokii db sbauri sbaurieái eái,, bspbko bspbkoilf ilfbet betbb piri piri khetis khetis db usuéro usuérohs hs hkisoheios tios khfh khesulthrbs bxtbrehs hu pirkborhs db ebaûkoh. Eðfbrh db loquodiáëh. Whkà phdb betrir ebstb kifph hpkoheil quilqubr ehfb hu eðfbrh qub vhkà qubori itrojuor i uf usuéroh khfh ufi kheti. Blb phdb sbr ðeokh piri kidi usuéroh hu phdb sbr khfpirtolmidh phr uf aruph db usuérohs. Bstb kifph ï ðtol ih trijilmir khf h sostbfi db khetijolodidb dh usuéroh dh [I^, qub bxbkuti bstitæstokis db ush dh sostbfi. [b vhkà quosbr hjtbr bstitæstokis oedovoduios db ush, vhkà dbvbré betrir khf h fbsfh ehfb dh OD db usuéroh ebstb kifph. ^iri bstitæstokis bf aruph, ufi phssojolodidb ï betrir khf h kbetrh db kusth, h ehfb db dbpirtifbeth b issof phr doietb. [b vhkà h dboxir bf jriekh, is bstitæstokis piri hs usuérohs bstirëh itrojuædis i ufi kitbahroi khlbtovi “Eh Ikkhuet‖. 7 ^brgol. Rf pbrgol dé ih usuéroh i pbrfossëh piri ikbssir gueáòbs bspbkægokis dh sostbfi. Hs pbrgos sëh gboths db uf aruph db iuthroziáòbs b db hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. Hs pbrgos phdbf sbr sofplb sof plbss hu khfphs khfphsths ths.. Hs pbrgos pbrgos khfphs khfphsths ths sëh iarupi iarupifbe fbeth th db pbrgos pbrgos (so (sofpl fplbs bs hu khfphsths). ^brgol db Tirbgi. Hs idfoeostridhrbs phdbf itrojuor ufi losti db tirbgis oedovoduios ihs usuérohs. H pbrgol db tirbgi dbgoeb i gueáëh dh usuéroh dbetrh dh sostbfi Z/;. H sostbfi oekluo tr tràs às to toph phss db hj hj`b `bth thss qu qubb ph phdb dbf f sbr sbr idok idokoh ohei eidh dhss i uf pbrg pbrgol ol db ti tirb rbgi gi00 ph phso soáë áëh, h, rbs rbsphe phesi sijol jolodi odidb b aruph arudbphrbkurshs db itovod itomufiehs. vodidb idb.. Hs pro profbo fborhs rhs dhos dhos hj`bth hj`bthss bstëh bstëh rbl rbliko ikohei heidhs dhs dorbtifbetb ihdb fûdulh H sostbfi Z/; oekluo uf ariedb eðfbrh pbrgos prï-dbgoeodhs b aruphs db itovodidb qub itbedbf i fiohroi db usuérohs khfues piri hs dogbrbetbs fûdulhs db iplokiáëh dh [I^ b tifjïf piri is gueáòbs db dbsbevhlvofbeth b abrbekoifbeth dh sostbfi. ^iri khesbauor ufi losti db pbrgos prï-dbgoeodhs vhkà phdb klokir shjrb i sbti dis phssævbos betridis eh kifph db sblbáëh dh pbrgol. ^rhkurir pbrgos prïdbgoeodhs bspbkægokhs phdb sbr gboth vbrogokiedh i dhkufbetiáëh di iplokiáëh hu prhkuriedh i auoi db ofplbfbetiáëh (OFA). Mé hutris fieboris db prhkurir phr pbrgos. pbrgos. Blis sbrëh dbskrotis dbskrotis fios idoietb. Rfi dblis ï itrivïs itrivïs dh sostbfi db oeghrfiáëh db iuthroziáëh. H sostbfi ghrebkb gikolodidbs piri i kroiáëh db sbus prûprohs pbrgos, usiedh h ^rhgolb Abebrithr hu kroiáëh fieuil db iuthroziáëh, quiedh hs pbrgos hu aruphs db itovodidb prï-dbgoeodhs eëh ghrbf sugokobetbs. Dbgiults Dospheævbos b Hpáòbs piri hs Zbaostrhs Fbstrbs dh Rsuéroh Ipûs i tbli oeokoil di fieutbeáëh db usuérohs ([R>9), h sostbfi ghrebkb tblis idokoheios piri i betridi db hutris oeghrfiáòbs. Whkà phdb i`ustir, phr bxbfplh, i ofprbsshri dbgiult piri uf usuéroh, h bedbrbáh dh usuéroh b vilhrbs dbgiults piri kifphs db usuéroh (pirêfbtrhs). Is tràs tblis dospheævbos sëh “Bedbrbáh‖, “Wilhrbs goxhs‖ b “^irêfbtrhs‖. Bstis suj-tblis sëh ilkieáidis klokiedh eis ijis khrrbsphedbetbs dbetrh di tbli db fieutbeáëh db usuérohs. Hs usuérohs phdbf i`ustir sbus prûprohs vilhrbs b dbgiults eh fbeu “[ostbfi‖ “Bspbkogs.dh usuéroh‖ “Didhs prûprohs‖. Is sbauoetbs sbáòbs fhstrif is hpáòbs dospheævbos qub phdbf sbr i`ustidis pblhs usuérohs. Bspbkogokiedh h bedbrbáh bedbrbáh dh usuéroh I oeg oeghrf hrfiáë iáëhh db bedbrb bedbrbáh áh dh usuéro usuérohh ï shfbet shfbetbb usidi usidi pblh pblh sos sostbf tbfii Z/; piri goe goeilo ilodid didbs bs db dhkufbetiáëh. sbr fuoth ðtol, betrbti eth,bpiri idfoeostridhrbs db sostb sostbfi fi ih tbetir lhkilozir uf usuéroh pblhBli sbuphdb ehfb, eðfbrh dbbetrbtieth, tblbgheb issof phr doietb. Grbqübetbfbetb is bfprbsis itrojubf itroju bf ih usuéroh usuéroh OD lbtris lbtris b eðfbrhs eðfbrhs qub sëh khdogokidhs khdogokidhs threiedh fios dogækol i lhkiloziá lhkiloziáëh ëh dhs usuéroh pblh sbu usuéroh OD dbetrh dh sostbfi. I goauri : fhstri uf bxbfplh dbsti tbli. Khfh vhkà phdb vbr, hs didhs db bedbrbáh piri uf usuéroh oek oekluo luo tràs tràs ki kioxi oxiss pro proeko ekopio pioss db oeg oeghrf hrfiáë iáëh, h, khrrbs khrrbsphe phedbe dbedh dh i “^bssh “^bsshi‖ i‖,, i “Khfue “Khfueoki okiáëh áëh‖‖ b i “Bfprbsi‖. Ilaues dhs kifphs fios ofphrtietbs ebssis kioxis sëh0 Rltofh ehfb0 ebstb kifph vhkà dbvb betrir h shjrbehfb dh usuéroh. Bstb ï uf kifph fieditûroh qub tbf ush idokoheil ih utolozir h [I^Hggokb. Eðfbrh db tblbgheb b gix0 bstbs kifphs phdbf sbr usidhs piri betrir h eðfbrh db tblbgheb b h eðfbrh db gix. Yuiedh mé uf sostbfi bxtbreh db gix khebktidh ih Z/; usiedh ufi oetbrgikb [I^kheebkt, h eðfbrh db gix dbvb sbr betridh piri bvotir fbesiabes db brrh eh lha dh sostbfi. Bfprbsi0 vhkà phdb tifjïf betrir b abrbekoir i oeghrfiáëh di bfprbsi piri hs usuérohs. Khegoauriedh vilhrbs dbgiults db usuérohs 1 Idfoeostridhrbs hu usuérohs phdbf khegoaurir ilaues vilhrbs goxhs hu dbgiults piri ilaufis gueáòbs khfues hu kifphs db betridi is quios blbs grbqübetbfbetb bekhetrif ih trijilmir eh sostbfi Z/;. I goauri 2 fhstri uf bxbfplh dbsti tbli. Iquo, vhkà phdb i`ustir h sbauoetb0 H fbeu oeokoil piri h usuéroh. usuéroh. Whkà phdb i`ustir h ehfb dh fbeu hu di triesiáëh triesiáëh qub sbré oeokoidh iuthfitokifbetb quiedh h usuéroh lhair eh sostbfi. I loe loeau auia iabf bf db lhah lhahe. e. I`us I`usti tied edhh bstb bstb kifp kifphh piri piri uf us usué uéro rohh or oréé sh shjr jrbb-bs bskr krbv bvbr br i khegoauriáëh db loeauiabf dbgiult dh sostbfi. [b h kifph db loeauiabf ei tbli oeokoil db lhahe dh sostbfi Z/; bstovbr vizoh, i loeauiabf bspbkogokidi ebstb kifph sbré usidi. I ofprbsshri dbgiult piri uf usuéroh. Osth ï itrojuædh eh kifph db dosphsotovh db siædi. Whkà phdb klokir shjrb i sbti di losti dis phssævbos betridis betridis piri vosuilozir i rbliáëh db ofp ofprbsshris. rbsshris. Is kioxis db vbrogokiáëh dh khetrhlidhr db siædi. Bstbs sëh pirtokulirfbetb ofphrtietbs piri tritir is rbquosoáòbs db ofprbssëh dhs usuérohs. Firqub i kioxi ih lidh di hpáëh “[ior ofbdoitifbetb‖ piri tbr ufi rbquosoáëh db ofprbssëh bfotodi dorbtifbetb piri i ofprbsshri3 sb eëh, bli sbré bevoidi ipbeis ih khetrhlidhr db siædi b phdbré sbr ofprbssi fios tirdb. I`ustiedh i kioxi ih lidh di hpáëh “Blofoeir ipûs siædi‖ doz ih sostbfi piri dblbtir i rbquosoáëh db ofprbssëh di jisb db didhs db sphhl ipûs i fbsfi tbr sodh ofprbssi. H ghrfith piri diti b pheths dbkofios. Goauri 20 Fhdogokiedh vilhrbs dbgiults db usuéroh. I ðltofi kioxi db vbrogokiáëh, KITT, ï usidi piri gueáòbs bspbkoios db tbstb dbetrh di gbrrifbeti db tbstb ghrebkodi eh sostbfi [I^. [I^. ^iri fios oeghrfiáòbs shjrb KITT, kh khesultbf esultbf i dhkufbetiáëh [I^ Heloeb. Khegoauriedh vilhrbs dbgiults piri hs pirêfbtrhs db usuéroh = Hs pirêfbtrhs qub phdbf sbr i`ustidhs ebsti tbli dbvbf khrrbsphedbr khf ilaues kifphs dh sostbfi Z/;. I`ustir hs vilhrbs dbgiults usiedh bstbs pirêfbtrhs hgbrbkb i vietiabf db qub kidi vbz qub uf usuéro usu érohh ï iprbsb iprbsbeti etidh dh i ufi tbli qub khetbe khetbemi mi ilauf ilauf dbssbs dbssbs kifphs, kifphs, h vilhr vilhr ï oekhrp oekhrphri hridh dh iuthfitokifbetb ih kifph db betridi. Lbfjrb-sb Lbfjrb -sb qub i quilqu quilqubr br fhf fhfbet bethh h usuéro usuérohh phdb phdb shjrbshjrb-bsk bskrbv rbvbr br bssbs bssbs vilhrb vilhrbss hu ilt iltbri brirr hs pirêfbtrhs sblbkoheiedh eh fbeu fbeu “[ostbfi‖ “Bspbkogs.dh usué usuéroh‖ roh‖ “Didhs prûprohs‖. I tbli db pirêfbtrhs phssuo dhos kifphs0 ^irêfbtrhs0 rbgbrbf-sb ih pirêfbtrh OD, h quil phdb sbr bekhetridh usiedh is oeghrfiáòbs tïkeokis piri uf kifph (lbfjrb-sb0 khlhqub sbu kurshr eh kifph, prbssoheb G9 b betëh eh jhtëh “Oeghrfiáëh tïkeoki‖). Whkà phdb tifjïf lostir hs pirêfbtrhs dospheævbos klokiedh ei sbti dis phssævbos betridis ih lidh dh kifph db betridi dh pirêfbtrh. Wilhr0 betrb h vilhr qub vhkà qubr itrojuor khfh dbgiult i quilqubr fhfbeth eis tblis [I^ qub h iprbsbetirbf. ? Abrbekoiedh Aruphs db Rsuérohs Aruphs db usuéroh dbetrh dis gueáòbs db fieutbeáëh db usuéroh eh Z/; sbrvbf jisokifbetb khfh ufi fiebori db dovodor tirbgis db idfoeostriáëh. ^iri ikbssir i tbli db aruphs db usuéroh, di tbli oeokoil db fieutbeáëh db usuérohs ([R>9), sblbkoheb “Ifjobetb‖ “Aruphs db usuéroh‖. Aruphs db usuéroh sëh itrojuædhs ipbeis i uf ehfb. Issof, is ðeokis duis gueáòbs i sbrbf bxbkutidis sëh “kroir‖ hu “dblbtir‖ uf aruph. ^iri kroir hu dblbtir uf aruph, phsokoheb h kurshr shjrb uf ehfb db aruph b kloqub shjrb h jhtëh khrrbsphedbetb î gueáëh. Rfi hpáëh idokoheil, “Khfpirir‖, ï usidi piri vbrogokir sb hs aruphs dbgoeodhs eh sostbfi bstëh itrojuædhs i ilauf usuéroh. Kish eëh bstb`if itrojuædhs, h sostbfi iprbsbetiré ufi losti khf hs aruphs eëh isshkoidhs b ebssb kish vhkà phdbré dbkodor ipiaé-lhs. Hs fiedietbs >>> b >>9 oeklubf uf aruph db provolïaoh bspbkoil, [R^BZ, qub ï itrojuædh phr dbgiult ihs supbrusuérohs [I^* b DDOK. ^iri dblbtir h aruph [R^BZ, hs usuérohs ebkbssotif db ufi iuthroziáëh bspbkoil. Fhdogokiedh Zbaostrhs Fbstrbs db Rsuéroh Fhdogokiáòbs ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh phdbf sbr bxbkutidis pblh idfoeostridhr db sostbfi khf i iuthroziáëh khrrbsphedbetb hu pblh prûproh usuéroh i sbu prûproh bedbrbáh, vilhrbs goxhs, hu vilhrbs db pirêfbtrhs. Hs usuérohs ehrfilfbetb eëh phdbf iltbrir, phr bxbfplh, sbus pbrgos db iuthroziáëh. Blbs phdbf gizbr ossh shfbetb sb phssuærbf dorboths db ikbssh idokoheios piri bxbkutir bssi hpbriáëh. Is fhdogokiáòbs gbotis i uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh (khfh ufi sbemi, uf jlhquboh, uf pbræhdh db vilodidb, btk.) betrif bf voahr shfbetb ei prûxofi vbz qub h usuéroh lhair. Hs usuérohs qub bstovbrbf lhaidhs eëh sëh igbtidhs phr bssis fudieáis. @é hs idfoeo idfoeostr stridh idhrbs rbs phdbf phdbf giz gizbr br ilaufi ilaufiss iltbri iltbriáòb áòbss eis pbrfos pbrfossòb sòbss db ikbss ikbsshh db usuéro usuérohs hs fhdogokiedh b itoviedh iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos. Is fudieáis gbotis ihs pbrgos eëh sëh bgbtovis itï qub hs usuérohs betrbf hutri vbz3 betrbtieth, ufi iuthroziáëh fhdogokidi b rb-itovidi tbf uf bgboth ofbdoith, fbsfh shjrb hs usuérohs lhaidhs. Issof, phr pidrëh, sb ufi iuthroziáëh ghr iltbridi b itovidi, bli igbtiré ofbdoitifbetb thdhs hs usuérohs khf hs pbrgos qub khetbemif bssi iuthroziáëh. Dblbtiedh usuérohs ^iri blofoeir uf sofplbs rbaostrh fbstrb db usuéroh, ipbeis betrb khf sbu usuéroh OD ei tbli oeokoil db fieutbeáëh db usuéroh ([R>9) b prbssoheb h jhtëh Blofoeir‖. Jlhqubiedh b Dbsjlhqubiedh Rsuérohs Idfoeostridhrbs phdbf tbfphriroifbetb jlhqubir uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh piri ofpbdor qub bssb usuéroh bf pirtokulir usb h sostbfi Z/;. ^iri jlhqubir uf usuéroh, betrb sbu usuéroh OD eh kifph db be betr trid idii di [R>9 [R>9 b kloq kloqub ub shjr shjrbb h jhtë jhtëhh “Jlh “Jlhqu qubi bir/ r/db dbsj sjlh lhqu qubi bir‖ r‖,, hu sblb sblbko kohe hebb “R “Rsu suér éroh oh‖‖ “Jlhqubir/dbsjlhqubir‖ eh fbeu proekopil. Rf jlhquboh eëh tbré bgboth oestietêebh ehs usuérohs qub bstëh lhaidhs eh sostbfi. H sostbfi tifjïf jlhquboi iuthfitokifbetb hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh dbphos db 9: tbetitovis khesbkutovis fil sukbdodis db lhahe. H vilhr dbgiult ï 9:, fis hs idfoeostridhrbs phdbf iltbrir ossh i`ustiedh uf pirêfbtrh ei prhgolb di oestiekb [I^. Khesultb i sbáëh oetotulidi "Dbtilmbs tïkeokhs0 ^irêfbtrhs db ^rhgolb dh [ostbfi piri Abrbekoifbeth db usuérohs b iuthroziáòbs" eh gof dbstb dhkufbeth. Rf usuéroh qub tbemi sodh iuthfitokifbetb jlhqubidh pblh sostbfi phr kiusi dis tbetitovis fil sukbdodis db lhahe ï dbsjlhqubidh tifjïf iuthfitokifbetb pblh sostbfi î fboi-ehotb. Betrbtieth, uf jlhquboh fieuil bf uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh pbrfiebkbré vélodh itï qub ilauïf h dbsgiái. Gizbedh Fhdogokiáòbs i uf Aruph db Rsuérohs 9> H sostbfi dh [I^ eëh oekluo fuotis gueáòbs piri bxbkutir fhdogokiáòbs shjrb uf aruph db usuérohs. Is hpáòbs dospheævbos sëh0 Blofoeir thdhs hs usuérohs dh fiedietb ituil. Di tbli oeokoil db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh ([R>9),, sblbkoheb ([R>9) sblbkoheb “Ifjobetb‖ “Ifjobetb‖ “Fhdogokiá “Fhdogokiáëh ëh bf fissi‖ fissi‖ “Blof.thdhs “Blof.thdhs usuér.‖. H sostbfi sostbfi iprbsbetiré ufi tbli db khegorfiáëh. Itbeáëh0 Bsti gueáëh blofoeiré thdhs hs usuérohs dh fiedietb bspbkogokidh. Idokoheir hu blofoeir uf pbrgol piri thdhs hs usuérohs. ^iri gizbr osth, sblbkoheb “Ifjobetb‖ “Fhdogokiáëh bf fissi‖ “^brgol ehs usuérohs‖. H sostbfi iprbsbetiré ufi tbli hedb vhkà phssi sblbkoheir qub usuérohs usuérohs sbrëh igbtidhs pbli fhdogokiáëh. fhdogokiáëh. Zboeokoilozir thdhs hs juggbrs db usuéroh. ^hdb sbr usidh kiutblhsifbetb phr idfoeostridhrbs quiedh phr ilaufi rizëh mé ufi ebkbssodidb db lofpir h khetbðdh di tijbli db juggbr dh usuéroh. [ostbfi db oeghrfiáëh dhs usuérohs Is gueáòbs db fieutbeáëh db usuéroh dh [I^ oeklubf uf sostbfi db oeghrfiáëh dbtilmidh hedb vhkà phssi pbsquosir, vosuilozir b ieilosir hs usuérohs, hs pbrgos, hu is iuthroziáòbs dh sostbfi. H sostbfi pbrfotb ufi eivbaiáëh bxtbesovi betrb i oeghrfiáëh0 dhs usuérohs ihs pbrgos, db lé piri is iuthroziáòbs b issof phr doietb. ^irii ikbssi ^ir ikbssirr h sostbf sostbfii db oeghrf oeghrfiáë iáëhh db usuér usuéroh oh b iuthro iuthroziá ziáëh, ëh, dh fbeu fbeu pro proeko ekopil pil di tbl tblii db fieutbeáëh db usuéroh ([R>9),qub sblbkoheb “Oegh‖ih “[ostbfi hudis itrivïs di [ROF.Bsti H sostbfi fhstri ufi érvhrb db rblitûroh khrrbsphedb sostbfioeghrfiáëh‖, db oeghrfiáëh iuthroziáòbs. érvhrb db rblitûroh khetïf dovbrsis pistis, pistis, kidi ufi khetbedh khetbedh dogbrbetbs dogbrbetbs rblitûrohs rblitûrohs.. I goauri 7 fhstri fhstri bsti érvhrb db rblitûroh. ^bli bxbkuáëh dhs dogbrbetbs rblitûrohs dis pistis di érvhrb, vhkà phdb hjtbr ufi losti dhs usuérohs, pbrgos, hj`bths, iuthroziáòbs b issof phr doietb. H sostbfi iprbsbeti dovbrsis tblis db sblbáëh piri pbrfotor i pbsquosi phr krotïrohs dogbrbetbs. Goauri 70 Érvhrb db rblitûroh dh sostbfi db oeghrfiáëh db iuthroziáòbs. 99 Hutrh khe`ueth fuoth ðtol db rblitûrohs sëh hs rblitûrohs di pisti “Dhks.db fhdogokiáëh‖, qub phdbf sbr usidhs piri fhstrir quilqubr fhdogokiáëh gboti eis iuthroziáòbs, ehs usuérohs, hu ehs pbrgos b dozbr qubf gbz i fhdogokiáëh. Abrbekoifbeth db [bemis ^iri fhdogokir i sbemi db uf usuéroh, betrb khf h usuéroh OD b kloqub eh jhtëh “Fhdogokir sbemi‖ ei tbli oeokoil db fieutbeáëh db usuéroh ([R>9). H sostbfi fhstriré ufi kioxi db doélhah piri qub i ehvi sbemi sb`i doaotidi b uf kifph lhah ijioxh piri qub i fbsfi sb`i rbpbtodi bvotiedh brrhs db doaotiáëh. Yuiedh hs idfoeostridhrbs dh sostbfi iltbrif i sbemi piri hutrhs usuérohs, h sostbfi hjroai qub bstbs usuérohs fhdogoqubf bssi ehvi sbemi eh profborh lhahe. Hs idfoeostridhrbs phdbf iltbrir suis sbemis b i dhs hutrhs usuérohs tietis vbzbs blbs dbsb`irbf3 betrbtieth, hs usuérohs ehrfios phdbf shfbetb fudir suis sbemis ufi vbz ih doi. ^hr dbgiult b iuthfitokifbetb ipûs i oestiliáëh, mé ilaufis rbaris i rbspboth dis sbemis. Ilaufis dis rbaris sëh khegoauridis eh prûproh kûdoah dh sostbfi b eëh phdbf sbr iltbridis, bequieth hutris phdbf sbr iltbridis bf kish db ebkbssodidb, i`ustiedh ilaues pirêfbtrhs db prhgolb di oestiekb [I^ hu khegoauriedh tijblis dh sostbfi. ^hr bxbfplh, hs idfoeostridhrbs db sostbfi phdbf dbkodor i`ustir h tifiemh fæeofh di sbemi hu betrir ufi sbqüàekoi db kiriktbrbs qub eëh sbrëh pbrfotodis khfh sbemi. ^hr hutrh lidh, is sbemis eëh sëh kisb-sbesotovb, issof sbemis fioðskulis hu foeðskulis hu ufi fosturi db kiriktbrbs fioðskulhs hu foeðskulhs sb khfphrtirëh di fbsfi ghrfi. 9: Zbquosoths b Zbstroáòbs dis [bemis Is lofotiáòbs b hs rbquosoths dis sbemis sëh hs sbauoetbs0 I sbemi eëh phdb sbr i pilivri “piss‖. H tifiemh fæeofh di sbemi ï i`ustidh phr dbgiult i tràs kiriktbrbs. Hs idfoeostridhrbs phdbf iltbrir bssi khegoauriáëh bspbkogokiedh uf vilhr fiohr eh pirêfbtrh di prhgolb di oestiekb “lhaoe/foeXpisswhrdXlea‖. [b vhkà iltbrir bstb pirêfbtrh, bstb`i kbrth gizà-lh eh irquovh db khegoauriáëh DBGIRLT.^GL. H tifiemh féxofh di sbemi ï i`ustidh sbfprb i hoth kiriktbrbs. I sbemi eëh phdb khfbáir khf ebemufi sbqüàekoi db tràs kiriktbrbs khetodhs eh usuéroh OD. ^hr bxbfplh, sb uf usuéroh OD ghr ILJBZTH, i sbemi eëh phdb khfbáir khf is lbtris0 ILJ, JBZ, ZTH, LJB b issof phr doietb. H profborh kiriktbrb db ufi sbemi eëh phdb sbr uf pheth db bxklifiáëh (!) hu uf pheth db oetbrrhaiáëh (8). Hs profborhs tràs kiriktbrbs db ufi sbemi eëh phdbf khetbr h kiriktbrb db bspiáh. Yuiedh uf usuéroh iltbri sui sbemi, blb eëh phdb usir quilqubr ufi dis ðltofis 2 sbemis. Idfoeostridhrbs phdbf dbkodor prhojor dbtbrfoeidis sbqüàekois db kiriktbrbs piri sbrbf usidis khfh sbemis. Hs usuérohs rbkbjbrëh ufi fbesiabf db brrh ei jirri db stitus ih bspbkogokir ufi sbemi qub sb`i prhojodi prhojodi pblh idfoeostridhr. H prhkbssh db prhojor sbemis sbré bxplokidh fios tirdb. I sbemi eëh phdb khfbáir khf hs tràs kiriktbrbs odàetokhs. ^hr bxbfplh0 iiify b jjj9:; sëh sbemis oevélodis. H usuéroh dbvb iltbrir sui sbemi sb mhuvbr ufi diti db bxporiáëh eh fbstrb dh usuéroh b i diti kmbair. Idfoeostridhrbs dh sostbfi phdbf dbkodor quil i grbqüàekoi hs usuérohs dbvbf iltbrir is sbemis. ^iri ghráir i fudieái db sbemis, i`ustb h pirêfbtrh di prhgolb di oestiekb [I^ “lhaoe/pisswhrdXbxporitoheXtofb‖ khf uf vilhr qub oedoki h eðfbrh db dois ipûs h quil i sbemi dbvb sbr iltbridi. ^hr bxbfplh, sb h pirêfbtrh db prhgolb ghr i`ustidh piri ;>, hs usuérohs dbvbrëh fudir i sbemi i kidi fàs. ^iri dboxir is sbemis sbf lofotb db diti, h vilhr dbgiult > ï usidh piri bstb pirêfbtrh. Khf is rbstroáòbs ikofi b hutris rbaris ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, h prhkbssh db lhair eh sostbfi [I^ Z/; rbqubr ilauf trijilmh i fios piri h kûdoah db sostbfi gizbr ilïf db ipbeis vbrogokir ufi sbemi. ^hr bxbfplh, quiedh uf usuéroh usuéroh tbeti lhair khf khf ufi sbemi khrrbti, h sostbfi profborh vbrogoki sb h usuéroh bsté jlhqubidh. [b h usuéroh bstovbr jlhqubidh pblh abrbetb dh sostbfi hu iuthfitokifbetb dbphos db 9: tbetitovis fil sukbdodis db lhahe hu phr uf uparidb dh sostbfi, h sostbfi fhstriré ufi fbesiabf db brrh. [b h usuéroh eëh bstovbr jlhqubidh, i sbauor h Z/; vbrogoki sb i sbemi ituil bxporhu. Ebstb kish, h sostbfi shlokoti ih usuéroh betrir ufi sbemi ehvi. Zbstroeaoedh [bqüàekoi db Kiriktbrbs eis [bemis Idfoeostridhrbs db sostbfi phdbf rbstroeaor sbqüàekois db kiriktbrbs db sbemi kidistriedh-is ei tijbli R[Z4>. Osth ï ðtol, phr bxbfplh, piri bvotir h ush db sbemis qub khfbáif khf pilivris sofolirbs ih ehfb di bfprbsi, h ehfb di kodidb, dh ebaûkoh di bfprbsi b issof phr doietb. I tijbli R[Z4> ï fietodi phr triesiáòbs db fieutbeáëh db tijbli pidrëh tios khfh i [F;> b [F;9 (Abrbekoifbeth db tijblis db sbrvoáhs dh sostbfi). ^iri bspbkogokir ufi sbqüàekoi db kiriktbrbs eëh pbrfotodi, vhkà phdb usir hs gifhshs kiriktbrbs * hu 8, hedb h * sujstotuo uf aruph db kiriktbrbs b h 8 uf sofplbs kiriktbrb. I goauri 1 fhstri uf bxbfplh dbsti tijbli khf ilaufis sbqüàekois db kiriktbrbs prhojodis piri sbemis. Ebstb bxbfplh, thdis is sbemis qub khfbáif khf i pilivri [I^, khetbedh Z;, hu tbrfoeiedh khf h eðfbrh eðfbrh :>>> :>>> sëh sëh prhojo prhojodis dis.. Bsti Bsti tijbli tijbli ï klobet klobetb-o b-oedb edbpbe pbedbe dbetb tb b, khesbq khesbqübe übetbf tbfbet betb, b, is rbstroáòbs db sbemi sëh iplokidis i thdh h sostbfi, oedbpbedbetb dh fiedietb. 9; Goauri 10 Abrbekoifbeth dis sbqüàekois db kiriktbrbs prhojodis piri sbemi ei tijbli R[Z4>. Abrbekoiedh [upbrusuérohs eh [I^ H sostbfi [I^ Z/; oekluo bf sui oestiliáëh dbgiult dhos usuérohs bspbkoios0 DDOK b [I^*. Bstbs usuéro usu érohs hs phssub phssubf f pro provol volïao ïaohs hs bspbko bspbkoios ios b dbvbf dbvbf sbr prhtba prhtbaodh odhss piri piri bvotir bvotir ikbssh ikbssh oedbvo oedbvodh. dh. Idfoeostridhrbs db sostbfi dbvbf khesodbrir uf khetrhlb ræaodh dhs supbrusuérohs eh Z/; phr rizòbs db sbaurieái b oetbarodidb dh sostbfi. I oestiliáëh dbgiult kroi hs fiedietbs >>>, >>9, b >77. Hs usuérohs [I^* b DDOK sëh kroidhs ehs fiedietbs >>> b >>9 khf ehfbs b sbemis dbgiults. H usuéroh [I^* [I^* supbrusuéroh dbgiult dh sostbfi [I^ b blb h ðeokhkûdoah. usuéroh Yuiedh dh sostbfi eëhfiedietb rbqubr ufï rbaostrhï hfbstrb dh usuéroh phrqub blb ï dbgoeodh ehïprûproh ufqub ehvh kroidh piri ufi kûpoi db fiedietbs, h [I^* ï kroidh phr dbgiult khf sbemi ^I[[ b pbrfossòbs db ikbssh olofotidis. Ei oestiliáëh dbgiult, h [I^* phssuo sbemi >7>19??: ehs fiedietbs >>> b >>9. Bssi prhprobdidb bspbkoil dh [I^* phdb sbr dbsitovidi. ^iri dbsitové-li, vhkà dbvb kroir uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh piri blb, qub eh kish tbré ipbeis is iuthroziáòbs didis ihs pbrgos eh rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh. [b uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh bxostor piri h [I^* b blb ghr blofoeidh, h [I^* rbkupbri is prhprobdidbs bspbkoios itrojuædis ih kûdoah dh sostbfi b h fbsfh tbré i sbemi ^I[[ ehvifbetb. Yuiedh h [I^* eëh tovbr uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh, i sbemi ï sbfprb ^I[[3 ossh eëh phdb sbr iltbridh b eëh bsté su`both i ebemuf tbstb db iuthroziáëh. Ilaufis fbdodis piri prhtbabr h [I^*0 Trhkir sui sbemi ehs fiedietbs >>> b >>9. 94 Kroir uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh piri h [I^* ehs fiedietbs >>>, >>9, b >77 b ehs phssævbos ehvhs fiedietbs fiedietbs qub ghrbf kroidhs eh sostbfi. sostbfi. Dbsloair i prhprobdidb bspbkoil dh [I^* i`ustiedh ei prhgolb di oestiekb DBGIRLT.^GL h pirêfbtrh lhaoe/ehXiuthfitokXusbrXsipstir piri uf vilhr fiohr qub zbrh. [b h pirêfbtrh ghr i`ustidh, betëh [I^* eëh tbré ebemufi prhprobdidb bspbkoil dbgiult. [b eëh mhuvbr ebemuf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh piri h [I^*, h fbsfh eëh phdbré sbr usidh piri lhair eh sostbfi. Bstb`i kbrth db tbr uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh piri h [I^* fbsfh quiedh bstb pirêfbtrh bstovbr i`ustidh phrqub, sb h pirêfbtrh ghr rbstiuridh ih vilhr zbrh, h sostbfi pbrfotoré hutri vbz hs lhahes eh sostbfi usiedh [I^* khf i sbemi ^I[[. ^hssuoedh uf rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh, h [I^* khfphrti-sb khfh quilqubr hutrh usuéroh eh sostbfi b bsté su`both îs vbrogokiáòbs db iuthroziáëh. B sui sbemi dbvb sbr iltbridi. Kroir sui prûproi kheti db supbrusuéroh bf kidi fiedietb dh sostbfi. Osth sbré bxplokidh i sbauor. Blofoeir thdhs hs pbrgos di losti db pbrgos dh [I^*, db fhdh qub h fbsfh eëh tbemi fios ikbssh. Kbrtogokir qub h [I^* bstb`i isshkoidh ih aruph db usuérohs [R^BZ ofpbdoedh qub h fbsfh sb`i blofoeidh phr ilauf usuéroh qub eëh phssuo iuthroziáëh bspbkoil piri ossh. H aruph db usuérohs usuér ohs [R^BZ tbf stitus bspbkoil eh abrbekoifb abrbekoifbeth eth db pbrgos pbrgos betrbaub betrbaub pblh sostbfi. sostbfi. Rsuéro Rsu érohs hs dbetrh dbetrh dbs dbstb tb aruph aruph phdbf phdbf sbr abrbek abrbekoid oidhs hs hu blo blofoe foeidh idhss ipbeis ipbeis phr ehvhs ehvhs supbrusuérohs. Dbgoeoedh uf Ehvh [upbrusuéroh [upbrusuéroh ^iri dbgoeor uf ehvh supbrusuéroh jisti itrojuor i blb uf pbrgol khf thdis is iuthroziáòbs dh rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh. H pbrgol pidrëh qub phssuo thdis bssis iuthroziáòbs ï h [I^XILL. [I^XILL khetïf [I^XILL khetïf thdis is iuthroziáòbs iuthroziáòbs dh [I^ Z/; b is ehvis iuthroziáòbs iuthroziáòbs sëh lojbridis lojbridis eh pbrgol pbrgol [I^XEBQ. [I^XEBQ ï uf pbrgol pidrëh dh Z/; qub issbauri i khfpitojolodidb ihs provolïaohs db ikbssh. Ï i fiebori db prhtbabr hs usuérohs khetri prhjlbfis db iuthroziáëh dbphos qub uf uparidb db sostbfi. [b h uparidb oekluor ehvis vbrogokiáòbs db ikbssh, bstb pbrgol issbauri issbauri i oeklusëh dbssis ehvis iuthroziáòbs ebkbssérois piri vilodir h ikbssh. H usuéroh DDOK H usuéroh DDOK (dh dokoheéroh db didhs) ï h usuéroh db abrbekoifbeth dh dokoheéroh IJI^ b di lhaæstoki dh shgtwirb. Ï h usuéroh rbqubrodh piri bxbkutir gueáòbs bspbkoios bf uparidbs dh sostbfi. Khfh h [I^*, h usuéroh DDOK ï uf usuéroh khf provolïaohs bspbkoios. H rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh piri h usuéroh DDOK ï kroidh iuthfitokifbetb ehs fiedietbs >>> b >>9 quiedh vhkà oestili sbu sostbfi Z/;. Blb phssuo, phr dbgiult, i sbemi 9??:>1>7. [ui dogbrbeái dh [I^* ï qub tbf sbu prûproh rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh. ^iri issbaurir h DDOK khetri ush oedbvodh, vhkà dbvb iltbrir sui sbemi ehs fiedietbs >>> b >>9 bf sbu sostbfi Z/;. H usuéroh DDOK ï rbqubrodh piri dbtbrfoeidis tirbgis db oestiliáëh b khegoauriáëh dh sostbfi, issof vhkà eëh dbvb blofoeir h fbsfh. 92 H [ostbfi db Iuthroziáëh eh [I^ Z/; H sostbfi db iuthroziáëh dh sostbfi [I^ Z/; ï h tbrfh abril qub iarupi thdhs hs blbfbeths tïkeokhs b db abrbekoifbeth piri khekbdbr provolïaohs db ikbssh ihs usuérohs airietoedh i sbaurieái dh sostbfi Z/;. Rf provolïaoh db ikbssh ï i pbrfossëh piri bxbkutir ufi hpbriáëh pirtokulir eh sostbfi [I^. ^rovolïaohs db ikbssh eh sostbfi Z/; sëh khekbdodhs ihs usuérohs itrojuoedh-lmbs iuthroziáòbs, pbrgos, hu pbrgos db tirbgis. Oekhrphriedh tios pbrgos ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, vhkà pbrfotb usuérohs i usir h sostbfi. Is proekopios kiriktbræstokis b khekboths dh sostbfi db iuthroziáëh dh [I^ Z/; phdbf sbr rbsufodhs i sbauor0 H sos sostbf tbfii db iuthro iuthroziá ziáëh ëh ï jisbid jisbidhh euf khe`ue khe`ueth th db hj`bth hj`bthss dh sos sostbf tbfii khf tbstbs tbstbs fultokhedokoheios db provolïaohs db ikbssh ih sostbfi. Blb tbsti fðltoplis khedoáòbs ietbs db airi airiet etor or ihs ihs usué usuéroh rohss i pbrf pbrfos ossë sëhh piri piri bxbk bxbkut utir ir ufi ufi ti tirb rbgi gi.. Rf tb tbst stbb db ikbs ikbssh sh fultokhedokoheil ï dbgoeodh eh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. ^hr bxbfplh, uf usuéroh phdb kroir, vosuilozir b blofoeir ufi oeghrfiáëh db uf kbetrh db khfpri, fis shfbetb vosuilozir i oeghrfiáëh db uf hutrh kbetrh db khfpri. I sbauoetb losti fhstri bstb khekboth0 Rsuéroh ILJBZTH ILJBZTH KIZLH[ Kbetrh db Khfpris >>9 >>: >>: ^brfossòbs Kroir, Blofoeir b Wosuilozir Wosuilozir Kroir, Blofoeir b Wosuilozir H sostbfi db iuthroziáëh usi pbrgos db iuthroziáëh b aruphs db itovodidb, `ueth khf i gbrrifbeti dh ^rhgolb Abebrithr, piri threir h abrbekoifbeth dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh fios oetuotovh. ^brgos db iuthroziáëh sëh aruphs db iuthroziáòbs. Bf vbz db betrir kidi iuthroziáëh ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, hs idfoeostridhrbs shfbetb tàf qub isshkoir hs pbrgos. ^brgos db iuthroziáë iuthroziáëhh phdbf sbr sofplbs sofplbs hu khfphsths. khfphsths. Hs pbrgos pbrgos khfphsths khfphsths khetàf hutrhs pbrgos. H sostbfi db iuthroziáëh usi uf fïthdh db itoviáëh. Yuiedh is iuthroziáòbs hu hs pbrgos sëh kroidhs hu fhdogokidhs, blbs dbvbf sbr itovidhs piri sbu khfplbth guekoheifbeth. H sos sostbf tbfii db iut iuthro hroziá ziáëh ëh dh [I^ ghr ghrebk ebkbb fbkieo fbkieosfh sfhss piri piri i dostro dostrojuo juoáëh áëh dis tirbgi tirbgiss rblikoheidis ih abrbekoifbeth dhs usuérohs b provolïaohs db ikbssh, tios khfh i itrojuoáëh db iuthroziáòbs, i itoviáëh dhs pbrgos, h abrbekoifbeth dis ehvis iuthroziáòbs b issof phr doietb. Bstis tirbgis phdbf sbr gbotis phr uf ðeokh supbrusuéroh hu phdbf sbr dovododis betrb dovbrshs idfoeostridhrbs. H sostbfi Z/; oekluo fuotis iuthroziáòbs, pbrgos, aruphs db itovodidbs prï-dbgoeodhs b fhdblhs db aruph db itovodidbs, qub khjrbf i fiohr pirtb dis ebkbssodidbs usuios piri hs provolïaohs db ikbssh. Ietbs db kroir uf ehvh pbrgol, vhkà dbvb tbetir usir uf pbrgol hu aruph db itovodidbs prï-dbgoeodhs. H khe`ueth dhs hj`bths dh sostbfi db iuthroziáëh bstëh bstruturidhs db fiebori mobrérquoki, fis glbxævbl, khfh fhstridh ei goa. =. I prûxofi sbáëh oetrhduz hs blbfbeths proekopios dh sostbfi db iuthroziáëh. Bstbs khekboths phdbf pirbkbr uf phukh khfplbxhs î profbori vosti, fis sbrëh tritidhs khf bxbfplhs “pissh i pissh‖, gikolotiedh sui khfprbbesëh. 97 Goauri =0 Mobrirquoi dh sostbfi db iuthroziáëh. I gof i`udir h betbedofbeth dh sostbfi db iuthroziáëh, hs khekboths jésokhs sbrëh bxplokidhs iahri. Issof Isso f h prhkbdofbe prhkbdofbeth th fieuil fieuil piri i kroiáëh kroiáëh dhs pbrgos pbrgos b iuthroziáòbs iuthroziáòbs sbré fhstridh fhstridh b goeilfbetb goeilfbetb i gbrrifbeti dh ^rhgolb Abebrithr. ^brgos db Iuthroziáëh Rf pbrgol db iuthroziáëh khetïf uf aruph db iuthroziáòbs, osth ï, uf aruph db provolïaohs db ikbssh. Hs pbrgos sëh itrojuædhs ihs usuérohs ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. Rf pbrgol phdb rbprbsbetir ufi sofplbs phsoáëh db trijilmh qub dbgoeb is tirbgis piri is quios h usuéroh phssuo provolïaohs db ikbssh. Kidi pbrgol phdb tbr tieths provolïaohs db ikbssh (iuthroziáòbs) quieths ghrbf ebkbssérohs. Iltbrir i losti hu h khetbðdh dis iuthroziáòbs dbetrh db uf pbrgol igbtiré thdhs hs usuérohs qub bstëh itrojuædhs i bssb pbrgol quiedh h fbsfh ghr itovidh. I oeklusëh db uf pbrgol ih rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh eëh igbtiré h usuéroh qub bstovbr lhaidh eh sostbfi. ^brgos Khfphsths ^brgos khfphsths sëh uf khe`ueth db pbrgos db iuthroziáëh, sofplbs hu khfphsths. Rf pbrgol khfphsth phdb khetbr uf eðfbrh olofotidh db pbrgos. ^hdbf ^ hdbf sbr itrojuædhs ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh di fbsfi fiebori khfh hs pbrgos sofplbs. [ëh iprhproidhs piri iarupir vérois tirbgis rbilozidis bf pbrgos sofplbs, gikolotiedh i vosuiloziáëh b betbedofbeth quiedh di fieutbeáëh dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. Gizbr fhdogokiáòbs i ilaues dhs pbrgos ei losti db uf pbrgol khfphsth igbtiré dorbtifbetb hs provolïaohs db ikbssh db thdhs hs usuérohs qub phssubf bssb pbrgol khfphsth bf sbu rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh. Ei vosuiloziáëh dhs pbrgos eis dogbrbetbs tblis dh [I^ Z/;, mé uf oedokidhr fhstriedh quiedh h pbrgol ï sofplbs hu khfphsth. 91 Is Iuthroziáòbs H sostbfi Z/; usi iuthroziáòbs piri dbgoeor hs vilhrbs pbrfotodhs piri hs kifphs db uf hj`bth db iut iuthro hrozi ziáëh áëh.. Rfi iuthrozi iuthroziáëh áëh phdb phdb khetbr khetbr uf hu fios fios vilhrb vilhrbss piri piri kidi kidi kifph kifph dh hj`bth hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. Rf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh ï khfh uf fhdblh db tbstb db provolïaohs db ikbssh, khesostoedh db kifphs db iuthroziáëh qub dbgoebf goeilfbetb hs vilhrbs pbrfotodhs piri i iuthroziáëh. Ifjhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b kifphs sbrëh bxplokidhs eis duis sbáòbs sbauoetbs. Rfi iuthroziáëh phdb tbr fuoths vilhrbs hu gioxi db vilhrbs piri uf sofplbs kifph. Ï tifjïf phssævbl iuthrozir tudh (betriedh uf istbroskh *) hu eidi (dboxiedh uf bspiáh bf jriekh) ih kifph. Eh bxbfplh fhstridh ei goa. ?, vhkà phdb vbr qub piri h hj`bth “^rhkbssifbeth Jitkm0 Idfoeostridhr Idfoeostridhr Jitkm‖, mé fuotis iuthroziáòbs. Kidi ufi dbstis iuthroziáòbs phdb tbr vilhrbs dogbrbetbs piri hs kifphs db iuthroziáëh dbetrh dh hj`bth. Goauri ?0 Bxbfplh di losti db iuthroziáëh piri uf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. Iu Iuth thro rozi ziáò áòbs bs së sëhh oekh oekhrp rphr hrid idis is ihs ihs pbrg pbrgos os db iuth iuthro rozi ziáë áëhh khf khf hs hj hj`b `bth thss db iuth iuthro rozi ziáë áëhh khrrbsphedbetbs. Yuiedh ufi iuthroziáëh ï iltbridi iltbridi b itovidi, i fbsfi igbti ofbdoiti ofbdoitifbetb fbetb thdhs hs usuérohs qub phssubf uf pbrgol khetbedh bssi iuthroziáëh bf sbus rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. Hs ehfbs tïkeokhs piri iuthroziáòbs b hj`bths db iuthroziáëh tàf uf féxofh db 9: phsoáòbs, fis ehrfilfbetb sëh fhstridhs eh sostbfi usiedh pbqubehs tbxths dbskrotovhs. ^iri iuthroziáòbs kroidis pblh klobetb, i ðeoki rbstroáëh db ehfb ï eëh khlhkir uf uedbrloeb ei sbauedi phsoáëh dh ehfb tïkeokh. Idokoheilfbetb, kidi hj`bth dh sostbfi kroidh pblh klobetb dbvb hjbdbkbr ih pidrëh db ehfbeklituri [I^ b khfbáir khf uf P hu uf _ piri dostoeauæ-lh dhs hj`bths hroaoeios dh [I^, bvotiedh issof i phssojolodidb db shjrb-bskroti bf uf uparidb db sostbfi. 9= Hj`bths db Iuthroziáëh Rf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh odbetogoki uf blbfbeth hu hj`bth dbetrh dh sostbfi [I^ i quil ebkbssoti sbr prhtbaodh. Bstbs hj`bths trijilmif khfh fhdblhs piri khekbdbr khekbdbr dorboths db ikbssh phr fboh db kifphs db iuthroziáëh qub pbrfotbf tbstbs khfplbxhs db provolïaohs db ikbssh. Rf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh phdb khetbr uf féxofh db 9> kifphs db iuthroziáëh. Rsuérohs sëh pbrfotodhs i bxbkutir ufi gueáëh dh sostbfi shfbetb ipûs tbr pissidh eh tbstb db kidi kifph dbetrh dh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. I vbrogokiáëh dh khetbðdh dh kifph ï gboti khf i lûaoki db hpbriáëh IED. Is iáòbs dhs usuérohs sëh pbrfotodis shfbetb sb i iuthroziáëh dh usuéroh kufpror khf hs tbstbs db ikbssh piri kidi kifph khetodh eh hj`bth. Khf bstb fbkieosfh, h sostbfi phdb bxbkutir tbstbs fultokhedokoheios. Khfh is iuthroziáòbs, eh abrbekoifbeth dhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh, h sostbfi eëh fhstri hs ehfbs, fis h uf tbxth dbskrotovh piri kidi hj`bth. Hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh bstëh iarupidhs bf klissbs, pbrtbekbedh îs dogbrbetbs érbis db iplokiáëh is quios sëh usidis piri lofotir i juski juski,, threiedh threiedh fios répodi répodi i eivbaiáëh eivbaiáëh betrb hs hj`bths hj`bths dh sostbfi sostbfi Z/;. Hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh prï-dbgoeodhs [I^ eëh dbvbf sbr fhdogokidhs hu blofoeidhs, i eëh sbr sb oestruædh pblh pbsshil db suphrtb [I^ hu phr ufi ehti dh [I^ebt. Blofoeir hu fhdogokir hj`bths db iuthroziáëh pidrëh phdb kiusir sbvbrhs brrhs ihs prharifis qub vbrogokif bssbs hj`bths. [b vhkà quosbr usir i lûaoki HZ piri dir h ikbssh ihs usuérohs i dbtbrfoeidis gueáòbs, vhkà phdb dbgoeor dovbrsis iuthroziáòbs piri h fbsfh hj`bth, kidi vbz khf vilhrbs dogbrbetbs. Ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, vhkà itrojuoré kidi uf dbstbs pbrgos, qub sëh loaidhs khf lûaoki HZ. Issof, quiedh h sostbfi tbstir sb h usuéroh tbfiprovolïaohs dbikbssh. ikbssh, H blbsostbfi vbrogokiré kidi hiuthroziáëh piri vbr sb hs vilhrbs itrojuædhs hjbdbkb hjbdbkbf f khf khedoáëh db pbrfotb ikbss ikbsshh ih profborh tbstb khf sukbssh qub hkhrrbr. Hs Kifphs db Iuthroziáëh Hs kifphs db iuthroziáëh odbetogokif hs blbfbeths dh sostbfi qub dbvbf sbr prhtbaodhs itrojuoedhlmbs tbstbs db ikbssh. Rf kifph db iuthroziáëh phdb sbr, phr bxbfplh, uf aruph db usuéroh, h kûdoah di bfprbsi, uf aruph db khfpris, ufi klissb db dbsbevhlvofbeth, hu ufi érbi db iplokiáëh. Mé uf kifph db iuthroziáëh qub ï bekhetridh ei fiohroi dhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh, qub ï h di itovodidb. H kifph itovodidb bf uf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh dbgoeb is iáòbs phssævbos qub phdbf sbr bxbkutidis shjrb uf hj`bth pirtokulir db iplokiáëh. ^hr bxbfplh, i itovodidb >; ï sbfprb vosuiloziáëh, issof sb ufi iuthroziáëh khetovbr dhos kifphs tios khfh h kûdoah di bfprbsi (khf vilhr *) b itovodidb (khf vilhr >;), h usuéroh khf bssi iuthroziáëh phdbré shfbetb vosuilozir hs kûdoahs db thdis is bfprbsi kidistridis eh sostbfi. I db sbr vilhrbs b sbus soaeogokidhs piri tios h kifph eh sostbfi bstédbkhetodi tijbli TIKT, qublosti phdb vosuilozidi pblis triesiáòbs khfhitovodidb [F;> (abrbekoifbeth tijbliseidhs sbrvoáhs db sostbfi), [F;9 (abrbekoifbeth db tijblis bstbedodh dhs sbrvoáhs db sostbfi) b [B97 (gbrrifbeti db vosuiloziáëh dh khetbðdh db tijblis). I goauri 9> fhstri h khetbðdh di tijbli TIKT. 9? Goauri 9>0 Tijbli TIKT0 tijbli t ijbli db itovodidbs. H rblikoheifbeth betrb hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b is itovodi itovodidbs dbs bsté khetodh ei tijbli TIKTP. TIKTP. Ebf thdhs hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh tàf h kifph db iuthroziáëh di itovodidb. Kifphs db iuthroziáëh gizbf pirtb dis kmifidis db gueáëh IJI^ IRTMHZOT_-KMBKC. Ih abrbekoir iuthroziáòbs, h sostbfi eëh fhstri hs ehfbs rbios (ehfbs tïkeokhs) piri hs kifphs, ih oevïs, blb fhstri ufi dbskroáëh piri kidi kifph. I tijbli THJ@ khetïf hs kifphs qub sëh isshkoidhs khf kidi hj`bth db iuthroziáëh3 osth ï, khfh h sostbfi [I^ sijb quios kifphs pbrtbekbf i uf dbtbrfoeidh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. Hs kifphs bf uf hj`bth sëh isshkoidhs khf hs blbfbeths db didhs eh dokoheéroh db didhs IJI^. Kifphs db iuthroziáëh eëh sëh abrbekoidhs eh fbeu db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh [R>9, fis sof sëh dbgoeodhs dbetrh dh ifjobetb db dbsbevhlvofbeth. Ehrfilfbetb hs usuérohs eëh ebkbssotif fudir hs kifphs db iuthroziáëh pidrëh, bxkbth ei idoáëh hu fhdogokiáëh db rhtoeis dh sostbfi khf i oeklusëh db tbstbs db pbrfossëh db ikbssh. Aruphs db Itovodidbs I khestruáëh dhs pbrgos khf i gbrrifbeti ^rhgolb Abebrithr ï jisbidi ei phssojolodidb db iarupir gueáòb gue áòbss phr aruphs aruphs db itovod itovodidb idb dh fbeu fbeu di bfprbs bfprbsii qub ï abridh abridh usiedh usiedh khegoa khegoauri uriáòb áòbss db kusthfoziáëh b qub shfbetb oekluoré iqublis gueáòbs sblbkoheidis pblhs klobetbs. Aruphs db itovodidbs ghrfif uf khe`ueth db tirbgis hu itovodidbs qub phssif sbr bxbkutidis eh sostbfi, tios khfh i bxbkuáëh db prharifis, triesiáòbs b hutris gueáòbs qub abrilfbetb rbprbsbetif i rhtoei db trijilmh. Hs aruphs db itovodidb b sbus vilhrbs threif phssævbl i abriáëh dhs pbrgos. Aruphs db itovodidb sëh hs khfphebetbs jésokhs ebkbssérohs î gbrrifbeti ^rhgolb Abebrithr, i quil hs usi piri abrir hs pbrgos db iuthroziáëh. :> Rf aruph db itovodidb issbfblmi-sb i uf pipbl db trijilmh, til khfh uf rbprbsbetietb db vbedis, khetijolos kheti jolosti, ti, tbshurborh, tbshurborh, idfoeostridh idfoeostridhrr db sostbfi sostbfi b issof phr doietb. doietb. Aruphs db itovodidb itovodidb phdbf oekluor tietis itovodidbs dh sostbfi quietis ghrbf ebkbssérois. Itovodidbs dh sostbfi phdbf sbr triesiáòbs, rblitûrohs, hu tirbgis. Bstis itovodidbs phdbf sbr oekluædis bf tieths aruphs db itovodidbs dogbrbetbs quieths ghrbf ebkbssérohs. Idfoeostridhrbs sblbkoheif triesiáòbs hu rblitûrohs db ufi érvhrb dh fbeu, hu phdbf sblbkoheir iuthroziáòbs dorbtifbetb b is silvi bf uf aruph db itovodidbs. Bsti sblbáëh ï usidi pblh ^rhgolb Abebrithr piri dbtbrfoeir quios iuthroziáòbs sbrëh ebkbssérois b piri abrir hs pbrgos, qub phdbf betëh sbr itrojuædhs ihs usuérohs. [b uf aruph db itovodidb khetovbr fios db 92> iuthroziáòbs, h ^rhgolb Abebrithr kroi iuthfitokifbetb pbrgos idokoheios. Hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh phdbf sbr itrojuædhs i uf hu fios aruphs db itovodidb. Yuiedh bstb toph db itrojuoáëh hkhrrb, i ituiloziáëh dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh phdb hkhrrbr fieuilfbetb hu iuthfitokifbetb pbli bxbkuáëh db uf `hj. ^brgos db iuthroziáëh dbetrh dhs aruphs db itovodidb sëh dbpbedbetbs db diti, h qub soaeogoki qub blbs phdbf tbr fðltoplhs pbræhdhs db vilodidb b eëh phdbf sb shjrbphr. I itrojuoáëh db dbpbedàekoi db diti dhs pbrgos ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh phdb sbr rbghráidi pbli bxbkuáëh db `hjs prharifidhs piri bssi goeilodidb. Aruphs db itovodidb sëh irfizbeidhs bf Oeghtypbs, hj`bths hraieozikoheios bspbkoios usidhs pblh fûdulh db rbkurshs mufiehs. Juggbr dh Rsuéroh Juggbrs dh usuéroh sëh érbis bspbkoios (tijblis) qub khetàf thdis is iuthroziáòbs piri h usuéroh. Bstbs juggbrs sëh bspbkægokhs piri kidi usuéroh oedovoduil b sëh fhetidhs quiedh hs usuérohs lhaif, lbviedh-sb bf kheti is iuthroziáòbs khetodis ehs pbrgos itrojuædhs eh rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh. Yuiedh hs usuérohs tbetif bxbkutir itovodidbs eh sostbfi, hs prharifis b triesiáòbs sëh vbrogokidhs db bekhetrh ihs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b vilhrbs khetodhs eh juggbr dh usuéroh. H eðfbrh db betridis dh juggbr db usuéroh phdb sbr khetrhlidh usiedh h pirêfbtrh db prhgolb di oestiekb [I^ iutm/eufjbrXoeXusbrjuggbr. Khekboth db Itoviáëh dhs ^brgos b Iuthroziáòbs H sostbfi db iuthroziáëh pbrfotb duis vbrsòbs db pbrgos hu iuthroziáòbs0 ufi vbrsëh itovi b hutri fhdogokidi, hu bf fieutbeáëh. Rfi iuthroziáëh hu pbrgol ehvh hu fhdogokidh eëh phdb sbr usidh itï qub bstb`i itovh, ufi vbz qub hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh phdbf shfbetb khetbr vbrsòbs itovis dhs pbrgos. H khekboth db itoviáëh ï ðtol piri ofpbdor brrhs ih kroir iuthroziáòbs ehvis hu fhdogokir ilaufi bxostbetb, ufi vbz qub is vbrsòbs bf fieutbeáëh eëh igbtirëh h sostbfi. Ossh ï tifjïf ðtol piri dovodor is tirbgis db fieutbeáëh betrb dovbrshs usuérohs. I vbrogokiáëh dh sostbfi piri provolïaohs db ikbssh ï bxbkutidi shfbetb eis vbrsòbs itovis. Is vbrsòbs itovis sëh is ðeokis qub tàf bgboth rbil ih sostbfi. Yuiedh hs idfoeostridhrbs kroif hu fhdogokif ufi iuthroziáëh hu uf pbrgol, blbs bstirëh trijilmiedh khf ufi vbrsëh rbvosidi. Ebstb kish, h sostbfi fhstri h stitus rbvosidh eh kijbáilmh di iuthroziáëh hu dh pbrgol qub bsté sbedh fhdogokidh. Yuiedh i itoviáëh ï bxbkutidi, i vbrsëh db fieutbeáëh triesghrfi-sb bf itovi, sujstotuoedh i vbrsëh bxostbetb sb mhuvbr b h sostbfi trhki h stitus eh kijbáilmh di iuthroziáëh hu dh pbrgol piri itovh. Bstudh db Kish0 Dhs kifphs db iuthroziáëh ihs pbrgos H prûxofh prûxofh bxbfplh bxbfplh fhstri pissh i pissh pissh khfh kroir fieuilfbetb fieuilfbetb ufi iuthroziá iuthroziáëh ëh jisbidi bf uf hj`bth pidrëh db iuthroziáëh. Eh bxbfplh, ufi ehvi iuthroziáëh eh ifjobetb db dbsbevhlvofbeth ï :9 kroidi, pbrfotoedh qub hs usuérohs bxbkutbf shfbetb itovodidbs bf prharifis qub pbrtbekbf i ufi klissb pirtokulir db dbsbevhlvofbeth. Dh fbeu fbeu proeko proekopil pil dh [I^, [I^, sblbko sblbkoheb heb “Gbrri “Gbrrifbe fbetis tis‖‖ “Idfoe “Idfoeost ostriá riáëh‖ ëh‖ “Ituil “Ituilozi oziáëh áëh usuéro usuéroh‖ h‖ “Iuthroziáëh‖. H sostbfi fhstriré ufi tbli sofolir î di goa. 99. Hjsbrvb qub bsti tbli fhstri shfbetb is klissbs db hj`bth. Whkà phdb usir is jirris db rhliabf hu is tbklis db rhliabf ei jirri db gbrrifbetis piri vosuilozir klissbs idokoheios db hj`bth. Goauri 990 Tbli oeokoil dis klissbs db hj`bths. Dà uf duplh kloqub shjrb “Jisb ‛ ifjob ifjobetb etb db dbsbevhlv dbsbevhlvofbeth ofbeth‖‖ piri vosuilozir vosuilozir i losti dhs hj`bths piri bssi klissb. Hjsbrvb qub h sostbfi fhstri shfbetb h tbxth dbskrotovh piri hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. ^iri vbr h ehfb, kloqub eh jhtëh “Ehfbs tïkeokhs‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. I goauri 9: fhstrii hs hj`bths db iuthroziáë fhstr iuthroziáëhh piri i klissb klissb “Jisb ‛ ifjobetb ifjobetb db dbsbevhlvo dbsbevhlvofbeth fbeth‖‖ b sbus ehfbs tïkeokhs. :: Goauri 9:0 Ehfbs tïkeokhs piri hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. ^iri vosuilozir hs kifphs isshkoidhs ih hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [XDBWBLH^, phsokoheb h kurshr shjrb i loemi b kloqub eh jhtëh “Bxojor kifphs‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. I goauri 9; fhstri bssi tbli. Goauri 9;0 Kifphs db iuthroziáëh piri h hj`bth IJI^ whrcjbekm. Hs vilhrbs itrojuædhs i quilqubr dhs kifphs khegoauririf is iuthroziáòbs piri bssb hj`bth. ^iri fhstrir i losti db iuthroziáòbs bxostbetbs piri bssb hj`bth, duplh kloqub shjrb i loemi [XDBWBLH^. I dogbrbeái betrb bstis iuthroziáòbs bsté ehs vilhrbs itrojuædhs ihs kifphs dh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. ^iri vosuilozir hs vilhrbs dhs kifphs, duplh kloqub shjrb ilaufis dis loemis. Eh bxbfplh, vhkà phdb kroir ufi ehvi iuthroziáëh dh eidi hu khpoir ufi bxostbetb di losti. Zhlb i tbli piri vosuilozir hs vilhrbs dhs kifphs piri i iuthroziáëh [XDBWBLH^ (hjsbrvb qub tbf h fbsfh ehfb dh hj`bth), vhkà phdb vbr qub blb tbf phr dbgiult thdis is pbrfossòbs piri h hj`bth. Osth ï oedokidh phr uf istbroskh (*) khfh h vilhr dh kifph. I goauri 94 fhstri hs vilhrbs dh kifph db iuthroziáëh [XDBWBLH^. :; Goauri 940 Tbli oeokoil piri vosuiloziáëh b fieutbeáëh db kifphs db iuthroziáëh piri ufi iuthroziáëh. Is iuthroziáòbs pidrëh eëh dbvbf sbr iltbridis pblhs klobetbs. Ih oevïs dossh, krob ufi ehvi. Kloqub ufi vbz shjrb h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [XDBWBLH^ b betëh kloqub eh jhtëh “Khpoir...‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. H sostbfi fhstri ufi kioxi db doélhah di kûpoi db iuthroziáëh hedb vhkà phdb betrir sui prûproi iuthroziáëh. Eh bxbfplh, i ehvi iuthroziáëh iuthroziáëh sbré kmifidi PPDBWBLH^. Lbfjrb-sb qub vhkà eëh phdb bskrbvbr uf uedbrloeb ei sbauedi phsoáëh. Kloqub eh jhtëh “Khpoir‖ dbetrh di kioxi db doélhah. H sostbfi rbthreiré î losti db iuthroziáëh. Iahri vhkà phdb iltbrir hs vilhrbs piri hs kifphs db iuthroziáëh b oekluor shfbetb provolïaohs db ikbssh piri sui prûproi klissb db dbsbevhlvofbeth, qub ï uf dhs kifphs dhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. ^iri gizbr ossh, duplh kloqub shjrb sui iuthroziáëh rbkbetbfbetb kroidi, fhstridi ei goa. 94. ^hsokoheb h kurshr eh kifph “Klissb dbsbevhlvofbeth p/Qhrcjbekm Hraieozbr b sost.triesp.‖ b kloqub eh jhtëh “Ituilozir vilhrbs...‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. H sostbfi fhstri ufi tbli khfh i fhstridi ei goa. 92. Bsti db doélhah tbf dovbrshs db betridiBstbs qub pbrfotbf i vhkà lofotir khf vilhrbs hu usir gioxiskioxi db vilhrbs oedokiedh h qubkifphs sbré pbrfotodh. kifphs db betridi oeklubf ufi losti dhs phssævbos vilhrbs klokiedh shjrb i sbti. Eh bxbfplh, thdis is klissbs db dbsbevhlvofbeth db PIII i PPPP sbrëh pbrfotodis. :4 Goauri 920 Betriedh vilhrbs bf uf kifph db iuthroziáëh. Kloqub eh jhtëh “Ivieáir‖ b goeilfbetb silvb sui iuthroziáëh ehvi klokiedh shjrb h jhtëh “[ilvir‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. [oai h fbsfh prhkbdofbeth piri fhdogokir i iuthroziáëh, db fhdh qub hs us usué uéro rohs hs phss phssif if sh shfb fbet etbb vosu vosuil iloz ozir ir hs hj`b hj`bth thss dh so sost stbf bfii pbrt pbrtbe bekb kbet etbs bs i bssi bssiss kl klis issb sbss db dbsbevhlvofbeth. Ebssb kish, h vilhr dh kifph qub vhkà qubr fhdogokir ï h di itovodidb. Ih fhdogokir h kifph db itovodidb, kloqub ei sbti piri vosuilozir i losti dis phssævbos betridis. I goauri 97 fhstri bsti kioxi db doélhah. [blbkoheb i itovodidb >; qub khrrbsphedb î vosuiloziáëh. Osth doz ih sostbfi qub sbré pbrfotodh shfbetb ih usuéroh vosuilozir hj`bths di klissb db dbsbevhlvofbeth. [ilvb sui ehvi iuthroziáëh. Goauri 970 Losti dis itovodidbs isshkoidis ih kifph db itovodidb ei iuthroziáëh. Bf sbauodi, piri qub hs ehvhs provolïaohs db ikbssh threbf-sb bgbtovhs, vhkà tbf qub itovir is iuthroziáòbs rbkbetbfbetb kroidis. ^iri gizbr ossh, phsokoheb h kurshr shjrb i iuthroziáëh b kloqub eh jhtëh “Itovir...‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. Iltbreitovifbetb, sblbkoheb dh fbeu “Iuthroziáëh‖ “Itovir...‖. I itoviáëh ï uf prhkbssh db dhos pisshs hedb profborh blb fhstri hs vilhrbs dbgoeodhs piri hs kifphs db iuthroziá iuthroziáëh ëh b bf sbauodi itovi i iuthroziáë iuthroziáëh. h. Kloqub Kloqub ehvifbetb ehvifbetb eh jhtëh “Itovir‖ “Itovir‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. Whkà vbré ufi firki firki db vbrogokiáëh ei khluei It.. Goeilfbetb, bssis ehvis iuthroziáòbs tàf qub sbr itrojuædis ihs usuérohs kroiedh piri ossh uf pbrgol db iuthroziáëh, qub ï h qub oekluæfhs ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. ^iri kroir uf pbrgol, vé i tbli oeo oeokoi koill db fieutb fieutbeáë eáëhh db usuéro usuérohs hs ([R>9) ([R>9) b sblbko sblbkoheb heb eh fbeu fbeu “Ifjob “Ifjobetb etb‖‖ “Ituil “Ituilozi ozirr pbrgos pbrgos‖. ‖. Iltbreitovifbetb, vhkà phdb betrir i triesiáëh [R>: eh kifph db khfiedh. I goauri 91 fhstri i tbli oeokoil piri i fieutbeáëh db pbrgos. :2 Goauri 910 Tbli oeokoil piri fieutbeáëh db pbrgos. Rfi vbz qub vhkà oré kroir uf ehvh pbrgol, sblbkoheb i kioxi db vbrogokiáëh ih lidh db “[û ituilozidi‖, dbetrh dis hpáòbs db “Wbrsëh‖ b kloqub eh jhtëh “Kroir iuthroz.trij.‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. [b vhkà sblbkoheir i hpáëh “[û itovi‖, h sostbfi fhstriré i losti db thdhs hs pbrgos ituilfbetb itovhs. Kloqub eh jhtëh “Kroir...‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. H sostbfi fhstriré i kioxi db doélhah “Kroir ehvh pbrgol‖ khfh ei goa. 9=. Ebsti kioxi db doélhah, vhkà dbkodb sb qubr kroir uf pbrgol sofplbs (oedovoduil) hu khfphsth. H dbgiult dh sostbfi ï sofplbs. Betrb uf ehfb b ufi dbskroáëh jrbvb piri sbu pbrgol b prbssoheb “Betbr‖. Goauri 9=0 Kioxi db doélhah piri kroir uf ehvh pbrgol. :7 H sostbfi iahri fhstri i tbli db fieutbeáëh db pbrgos. Whkà iahri tbf qub oesbror is iuthroziáòbs kroidis prbvoifbetb. ^iri ossh, kloqub shjrb h jhtëh “Oesbror iuthroziáëh‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. Whkà vbré i losti db klissbs db hj`bth hutri vbz. Duplh kloqub shjrb i loemi qub khrrbsphedb î “Jisb ifjobetb db dbsbevhlvofbeth‖ piri vosuilozir i losti db iuthroziáòbs dospheævbos piri hs hj`bths dbssi klissb. Lhkilozb suis iuthroziáòbs b kloqub shjrb is kioxis db vbrogokiáëh ih lidh dhs ehfbs dh hj`bth. Iquo, vhkà phdb dbkodor dbkodor oekluor oekluor tietis tietis iuthroziá iuthroziáòbs òbs vhkà qubori. qubori. ^rbssoheb i tbli “Betbr‖ b h sostbfi sostbfi rbthreiré î tbli db fieutbeáëh dh pbrgol khf is iuthroziáòbs sblbkoheidis oekluædis iuthfitokifbetb. I goauri 9? fhstri i tbli rbsultietb. Ehtb eh kijbáilmh qub h pbrgol ï ehvh b eëh arividh. ^iri qub h pbrgol sb`i itrojuædh ihs usuérohs, profborh kloqub shjrb h jhtëh “Arivir‖ piri silvé-lh. H sostbfi fudiréé h stitus fudir stitus piri rbvosidh rbvosidh b arividh. arividh. B, goeilfbetb, goeilfbetb, prbssoheb prbssoheb h jhtëh “Itovir...‖ “Itovir...‖ piri kroir ufi vbrsëh itovi dh pbrgol. Rfi vbz h pbrgol itovidh, vhkà phdb oesbro-lh ehs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. Goauri 9?0 Itrojuoedh iuthroziáòbs ih ehvh pbrgol. :1 Trijilmiedh khf h ^rhgolb Abebrithr H ^rhgolb Abebrithr ï ufi gbrrifbeti [I^, dospheævbl dbsdb i vbrsëh ;.>G b prhdutovh dbsdb i vbrsëh ;.9A, qub gikoloti i abràekoi db iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos dh usuéroh. Ietbs dh ^rhgolb Abebrithr, mivoi uf bsghráh fuoth ariedb ei ofplbfbetiáëh b suphrtb ih khekboth db iuthroziáëh b bsti bri ufi itovodidb kiri dbetrh dhs prh`bths. I gbrrifbeti dh ^rhgolb Abebrithr gho prh`btidi pbli [I^ khf h hj`btovh db rbduzor h tbfph ebkbsséroh ei ofplbfbetiáëh b abrbekoifbeth db iuthroziáòbs, dofoeuoedh issof hs kusths db bxbkuáëh. I [I^ rbkhfbedi h ush dh ^rhgolb Abebrithr eh abrbekoifbeth dis iuthroziáòbs. Rsir h ^rhgolb Abebrithr ï fuoth dogbrbetb dh abrbekoifbeth fieuil db pbrgos, hedb hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh dbvbf sbr sblbkoheidhs, is iuthroziáòbs dbgoeodis b hs pbrgos kroidhs piri sbrbf fios tirdb itrojuædhs ihs usuérohs. Khf h ^rhgolb Abebrithr, h abrbekoifbeth dis iuthroziáòbs ï jisbidh eis gueáòbs qub hs usuérohs bxbkutirëh eh Z/; b h ^rhgolb Abebrithr ï rbsphesévbl phr sblbkoheir b iarupir hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. I dbgoeoáëh dhs pbrgos khf h ^rhgolb Abebrithr ï jisbidi eh iarupifbeth db gueáòbs pblhs Aruphs db Itovodidbs eh fbeu di bfprbsi. Khfh `é fbekoheidh, hs Aruphs db Itovodidbs ghrfif uf khe`ueth db tirbgis hu itovodidbs qub phdbf sbr bxbkutidis eh sostbfi, tios khfh i bxbkuáëh db prharifis, triesiáòbs, b hutris gueáòbs qub rbprbsbetif abrilfbetb pipïos db trijilmh. Hs aruphs db itovodidbs oeklubf bssis oeghrfiáòbs db fhdh qub hs pbrgos phssif iuthfitokifbetb sbr abridhs. Bf rbsufh, h ^rhgolb Abebrithr0 ^hdb sbr usidh piri kroir iuthfitokifbetb pbrgos b itrojuæ-lhs gikolfbetb ihs usuérohs. [hfbetb sblbkohei b usi hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh ebkbssérohs, bvotiedh vilodiáòbs bxkbssovis eh sostbfi b fblmhri dbssb fhdh i pbrghrfiekb. Gikoloti i khfueokiáëh betrb h pbsshil di sbaurieái b dhs guekoheios hu dhs idfoeostridhrbs b hs khesulthrbs b usuérohs goeios. Gikoloti i dbgoeoáëh b fieutbeáëh dhs pbrgos db iuthroziáëh. H ^rhgolb Abebrithr phdb sbr ikbssidh dh fbeu proekopil sblbkoheiedh “Gbrrifbetis‖ “Idfoeostriáëh‖ “Ituiloziáëh usuéroh‖ “Aruphs db itovodidb‖, hu iltbreitovifbetb betriedh h kûdoah db triesiáëh ^GKA eh kifph db khfiedh. H ^rhgolb Abebrithr abri shfbetb pbrgos sofplbs. Is prûxofis sbáòbs oetrhduzbf khfh h ^rhgolb Abebrithr trijilmi, khfh khegoauré-lh b triz uf bxbfplh jésokh db kroiáëh db uf aruph db itovodidb, di abriáëh iuthfétoki dh pbrgol b itrojuoáëh dh aruph db itovodidb ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. Khfh h ^rhgolb Abebrithr trijilmi Jisbidh bf ufi gueáëh db trijilmh, hu aruph db tirbgis qub rbprbsbetif h qub hs usuérohs bstëh tbetiedh tbeti edh bxbkutir, bxbkutir, hs idfoeostri idfoeostridhrbs dhrbs phdbf odbetogoki odbetogokirr b sblbkohei sblbkoheirr is triesiáòb triesiáòbs, s, rblitûrohs, rblitûrohs, hu hs vilhrbs rbqubrodhs piri qub hs tbstbs db vbrogokiáëh db ikbssh sb`if bxbkutidhs. Rsiedh i gbrrifbeti dh ^rhgolb Abebrithr, h idfoeostridhr kroi aruphs db itovodidbs sblbkoheiedh is iuthroziáòbs rbqubrodis db uf fbeu di bfprbsi b i`usti hs vilhrbs db iuthroziáëh piri hs hj`bths sblbkoheidhs. Rfi vbz qub hs aruphs db itovodidbs sëh kroidhs, h ^rhgolb Abebrithr sb bekirrbai db trizbr thdhs hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh piri is triesiáòbs sblbkoheidis. Osth ï rbilozidh usiedh tijblis bspbkoios db vbrogokiáëh. := H ^rhgolb Abebrithr kroi betëh h pbrgol hu hs pbrgos, b betëh hs aruphs db itovodidbs phdbf sbr itrojuædhs ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. H rb rbao aost strh rh fbst fbstrb rb dh usué usuéro rohh ï itui ituiloz lozid idhh betë betëhh ph phrr ufi ufi itro itroju juoá oáëh ëh do dorb rbti ti,, i qu quil il issh isshko koii iuthfitokifbetb h pbrgol abridh. Bsti itrojuoáëh phdb tifjïf sbr bxbkutidi itrivïs db uf `hj. Rfi vbz i itrojuoáëh gboti, quiedh h usuéroh betrir eh sostbfi, sbu juggbr db usuéroh khetbré is iuthroziáòbs ebkbssérois î bxbkuáëh dis tirbgis pblis quios blb gho dbstoeidh. Khegoauriedh h ^rhgolb Abebrithr Ietbs db usir h ^rhgolb Abebrithr pbli profbori vbz, mé quitrh pisshs qub sëh rbqubrodhs piri khegoaurir b trijilmir khf h fbsfh. Bstbs pisshs sëh0 9. Itovir Itovir h ^rhgolb Abebrit Abebrithr. hr. I itoviáëh itoviáëh dh ^rhgolb ^rhgolb Abebrith Abebrithrr ï jisbidi jisbidi eh pirêfbtrh pirêfbtrh db prhgolb prhgolb di oestiekb [I^ iutm/ehXkmbkcXoeXshfbXkisbs 6 _. [b bstb vilhr eëh ghr i`ustidh, usuérohs eëh phdbrëh vbr h jhtëh “Iuthroziáëh‖ dbetrh di tbli db fieutbeáëh db aruphs db itovodidbs. Bstb vilhr ï dbgiult dbsdb i vbrsëh 4.>. Bstb pirêfbtrh db prhgolb doz ih sostbfi piri pbrfotor qub dbtbrfoeidis vbrogokiáòbs db iuthroziáëh sb`if oaehridis bf uf prharifi. Khf bstb i`ustb hs pbrgos khetbrëh shfbetb is iuthroziáòbs ebkbssérois. ^hr bxbfplh, sb i oestiliáëh oekluor oeklu or shfbetb shfbetb uf kûdoah kûdoah db bfprbsi, hs idfoeostrid idfoeostridhrbs hrbs eëh qubrbf qubrbf sb prbhkupir prbhkupir khf h i`ustb db iuthroziáòbs piri h kûdoah db bfprbsi. :. I`ustir I`ustir i kûpoi oeokoi oeokoill db tijblis tijblis di khegoauri khegoauriáëh áëh dh ^rhgolb ^rhgolb Abebrithr Abebrithr.. Whkà dbvb bxbku bxbkutir tir i triesiáëh [R:2 piri triesgbror is triesiáòbs b hj`bths db iuthroziáëh [I^ dis tijblis R[HJT b R[HJ] piri is tijblis dh klobetb R[HJTXK b R[HJ]XK. Whkà phdb betëh fietbr bstis tijblis usiedh i triesiáëh [R:4. I goauri :> fhstri i tbli oeokoil di triesiáëh [R:2. Goauri :>0 Khegoauriedh h ^rhgolb Abebrithr khf i triesiáëh [R:2. :? I tijbli R[HJT oekluo i rbliáëh betrb is triesiáòbs b hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. [b ghr ufi oestiliáëh ehvi, ipbeis kloqub eh jhtëh prûxofh î hpáëh 9, “^rbbekmofbeth oeokoil tijblis klobetbs“. [b vhkà bstovbr gizbedh uf uparidb db vbrsëh, vhkà dbvb usir is hpáòbs sbauoetbs, fis profborh vbrogoqub is oeghrfiáòbs fios rbkbetbs shjrb sui vbrsëh eh mblp heloeb. ;. Fietbr Fietbr h bskhp bskhphh di vbrogoki vbrogokiáëh áëh dhs hj`bths hj`bths db iuthrozi iuthroziáëh áëh eis triesiá triesiáòbs òbs.. Ost Osthh ï bxbkut bxbkutidh idh usiedh i triesiáëh [R:4 (tifjïf itrivïs dh ðltofh jhtëh ei tbli di triesiáëh [R:2) i gof fietbr is tijblis R[HJ]XK (triesiáòbs b hj`bths db iuthroziáëh) b R[HJTXK dh klobetb (vilhrbs prhphsths piri hj`bths db iuthroziáëh). Bstb eëh ï uf pissh fieditûroh, fis phdb sbr usidh phr klobetbs piri fietbr sbus prûprohs tbstbs db iuthroziáëh issof khfh piri itrojuor hj`bths hj`bt hs db iuthroziá iuthroziáëh ëh Z/; îs triesiáòbs triesiáòbs kroidis pblh klobetb. klobetb. Whkà phdb tifjïf fietbr fietbr i itrojuoáëh piri ufi ðeoki triesiáëh b rbghráir hu suprofor i vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh piri quilqubr triesiáëh. Idokoheilfbetb, ï phssævbl fietbr is itrojuoáòbs dh kifph piri is triesiáòbs. Bf thdh h kish mé sbfprb i phssojolodidb db khfpirir bstbs i`ustbs khf is khegoauriáòbs dh [I^. I goeilodidb dbsti triesiáëh ï piri qub h idfoeostridhr phssi fietbr h bskhph di vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh dbetrh dis triesiáòbs0 Itrojuoedh hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh qub sëh rblbvietbs i ufi triesiáëh. Itrojuoedh vilhrbs dbgiults b eævbos hraieozikoheios dbgiults piri hs kifphs dh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. 4. Abrir Abrir h fbeu di bfprbs bfprbsi. i. Goeilfbetb Goeilfbetb,, dbphos dbphos qub vhkà vhkà bxbkuthu bxbkuthu i triesi triesiáëh áëh [[F9 b rhdhu rhdhu thdis is btipis (bxkbth hs triesphrtbs sb eëh rbqubrodhs) ebssi tbli, khfh fhstridh ei goa. :9, abrir h fbeu pidrëh dh [I^ b betëh h fbeu di bfprbsi. Whkà phdb dbkodor quil sbré h profborh fbeu b bskhlmbr i érvhrb db rblitûroh rblitûroh dbgiult. Goauri :90 Kroiedh h fbeu di bfprbsi dh [I^. ;> I hpáëh :j phdb sbr usidi piri fhdogokir h fbeu di bfprbsi. Whkà tbf qub abrir h fbeu (hpáëh :k) piri qub is fhdogokiáòbs sb`if bgbtovidis. H fbeu abridh sbré usidh pblis gueáòbs db fieutbeáëh dhs aruphs db itovodidbs khfh ufi jisb sblbkoheiedh i iplokiáëh b is triesiáòbs. Khekboths jésokhs piri trijilmir khf aruphs db itovodidbs ^i ^iri ri ikbs ikbssi sirr i tbli tbli db abrb abrbek ekoi oifb fbet ethh dhs dhs arup aruphs hs db itov itovod odid idbs bs,, sblb sblbko kohe hebb “Gbr “Gbrri rifb fbeti etis‖ s‖ “Idfoeostriáëh‖ “Ituiloziáëh usuéroh‖ “Aruphs db itovodidb‖, hu iltbreitovifbetb betrb ^GKA eh kifph db khfiedh. H sostbfi fhstriré ufi tbli khfh ei goa. ::. Goauri ::0 Tbli oeokoil db aruph db itovodidb. H abrbekoifbeth db aruphs db itovodidbs oekluo duis dogbrbetbs vosòbs0 I vosëh jésoki db fieutbeáëh pbrfotb qub thdis is gueáòbs piri aruphs db itovodidbs sb`if ikbssidis b is iuthroziáòbs b fbeus sblbkoheidhs. Betrbtieth, bsti vosëh phdb shfbetb sbr itrojuædi ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh b eëh pbrfotb i fieutbeáëh dis ditis db vilodidb. I vosëh thtil (abràekoi hraieozikoheil) ï ufi vosëh fios dbtilmidi qub fhstri thdis is itrojuoáòbs piri uf aruph db itovodidb. ^brfotb qub is tirbgis sb`if loaidis ihs aruphs db ito itovod vodidb idbss b pbrfot pbrfotbb i fieutb fieutbeáë eáëhh dis ditis ditis db vilodi vilodidb. db. Bsti Bsti vos vosëh ëh bsté bsté ghr ghrtbf tbfbet betbb rblikoheidi ih fûdulh db rbkurshs mufiehs (MZ), issof bli ï ðtol piri hs usuérohs qub trijilmif ei abràekoi hraieozikoheil. Aruphs db itovodidbs bstëh rblikoheidhs ihs iabetbs. Mé dovbrshs tophs db iabetbs. H fios khfuf ï h rbaostrh fbstrb dh usuéroh3 betrbtieth, mé hutrhs tophs db iabetbs hraieozikoheios qub phdbf sbr kroidhs dbetrh dh fûdulh db rbkurshs rbkurshs mufiehs, mufiehs, tios khfh ueodidbs ueodidbs hraieozik hraieozikoheios oheios,, phsoáòbs, phsoáòbs, gueáòbs, pbsshis, hu kbetrhs db trijilmh. trijilmh. Aruphs db itovodidbs phdbf sbr kroidhs khf hu sbf is rbsphesijolodidbs. H khekboth phr trés db rbsphesijolodidb db aruphs db itovodidbs ï jisbidhqub bfphssi uf hj`bth hraieozikoheil til khfh ufi phsoáëh hu gueáëh,dbetrh fis ossh ï rbilfbetb ufi gbrrifbeti sbr usidi piri dogbrbekoir hs pbrgos db iuthroziáëh abridhs pblhs aruphs db itovodidbs. Osth ï ðtol piri dbgoeor iuthroziáòbs piri is pbsshis ;9 qub bxbkutif is fbsfis gueáòbs, fis bf érbis dogbrbetbs di bfprbsi0 tàf i fbsfi phsoáëh, fis pipïos dogbrbetbs db trijilmh. Aruphs db itovodidbs khf rbsphesijolodidbs sëh usidhs piri isshkoir uf khe`ueth db itovodidbs khf uf hu fios pbrgos db iuthroziáëh, qub phdbf fios tirdb sbr itrojuædhs ihs usuérohs hu iabetbs. ;: Kroiedh Aruphs db Itovodidbs Ih kroir aruphs db itovodidbs, vhkà phdb dbkodor kroé-lhs khf hu sbf is rbsphesijolodidbs. [bf rbsphesijolodidbs, hs pisshs jésokhs sëh0 9. :. ;. 4. 2. Kroi Kroirr h arup aruphh ddbb ito itovo vodi didb db.. [blbkoheir [blbkoheir is is triesiáòb triesiáòbss dh fbeu di di bfprbsi bfprbsi hu gluxh gluxh db tirbgis tirbgis db trijil trijilmh mh (ei vosëh vosëh abril). abril). Khfplbtir Khfplbtir is iuthroz iuthroziáòb iáòbss piri piri is itovodidbs itovodidbs bskhlmodi bskhlmodis. s. Ab Abri rirr hhss pbrg pbrgos os.. Itroju Itrojuor or hs pbrgos pbrgos iihs hs iabe iabetbs tbs (usuér (usuérohs ohs). ). Ih bskhlmbr khf rbsphesijolodidbs, hs pisshs jésokhs sëh jistietb sofolirbs0 9. :. ;. 4. 2. 7. Kroi Kroirr h arup aruphh ddbb ito itovo vodi didb db.. [blbkoheir [blbkoheir is is triesiáòb triesiáòbss dh fbeu di di bfprbsi bfprbsi hu gluxh gluxh db tirbgis tirbgis db trijil trijilmh mh (ei vosëh vosëh abril). abril). Kroi Kroirr is rbs rbsph phes esij ijol olod odid idbs bs.. Khfplbtir Khfplbtir is iuthroz iuthroziáòb iáòbss piri is itovodid itovodidbs bs bskhlmodi bskhlmodiss piri kidi kidi rbsphesijol rbsphesijolodidb odidb.. Abrir Abrir hs pbrg pbrgos os piri piri ki kidi di rbsph rbsphesi esijolo jolodid didb. b. Itrojuor Itrojuor is rbsphesijo rbsphesijolodid lodidbs bs ihs iabe iabetbs tbs (usuérohs) (usuérohs).. H sb sbau auoe oetb tb bx bxbf bfpl plhh fhst fhstri ri khfh khfh kroi kroirr uf sofp sofplb lbss ar arup uphh db it itov ovod odid idbb piri piri hs us usué uéro rohs hs dh dbpirtifbeth db khfpris, ghrebkbedh i blbs iuthroziáòbs piri kroir pbdodhs db khfpri quiedh h ghrebkbdhr ï khembkodh (kûdoah db triesiáëh FB:9) b piri fhdogokir b vosuilozir pbdodhs db khfpri (kûdoahs db triesiáëh FB:: b FB:;). Bstbs sëh hs pisshs0 9. Ikbssb Ikbssb i tbli proekopil proekopil db aruphs aruphs db itovodidbs itovodidbs sblbkohe sblbkoheiedh iedh “Gbrrifb “Gbrrifbetis‖ etis‖ “Idfoeos “Idfoeostriáë triáëh‖ h‖ “Ituiloziáëh usuéroh‖ “Aruphs db itovodidb‖, hu betrb h kûdoah db triesiáëh ^GKA eh kifph db khfiedh. H sostbfi fhstriré i tbli t bli db fieutbeáëh db aruphs db itovodidbs. :. Betrb Betrb khf uf ehfb piri piri h aruph aruph db itovodi itovodidb, db, sblbk sblbkohe ohebb i vosëh vosëh jésoki jésoki db fieutb fieutbeáë eáëhh b kloqub eh jhtëh “Kroir‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis. H sostbfi fhstriré ufi kioxi db doélhah piri dbkodor sb vhkà pbrfotoré rbsphesijolodidbs piri h aruph db itovodidb. ^iri bstb bxbfplh, sblbkoheb “Eëh‖. H sostbfi fhstriré ufi ehvi tbli sofolir î fhstridi ei goa. :;. ;; Goauri :;0 Kroiedh uf aruph db itovodidb. ;. Betrb ufi ufi dbskroáëh dbskroáëh jrbvb jrbvb ih kifph kifph “Dbehf “Dbehfoeiáë oeiáëh‖ h‖ b kloqub kloqub shjrb shjrb h jhtëh jhtëh “Fbeu‖ “Fbeu‖ dbetrh dbetrh di kioxi Itovodidbs. H sostbfi fhstriré i érvhrb db fbeu piri h fbeu di bfprbsi, khf thdhs hs oedokidhrbs lufoehshs vbrfblmhs. 4. Kloqub Kloqub eh soeil phsotov phsotovhh piri dbsfbfjr dbsfbfjrir ir is hpáòbs. hpáòbs. Bf ehssh ehssh bxbfplh, bxbfplh, kloqub kloqub shjrb hs soeios soeios phsotovhs bf lhaæstoki, idfoe.db fitbroios, khfpris, khfpris, pbdodh, kroir. Goeilfbetb, firqub i kioxi quidridi ih lidh dh ghrebkbdhr khembkodh. Whkà vbré hs oedokidhrbs lufoehshs gokirbf vbrdbs. Eh fbsfh eævbl qub kroir b ijioxh, firqub i kioxi quidridi ih lidh db fhdogokir b bxojor. [b vhkà quosbr vosuilozir hs kûdoahs db triesiáëh, sblbkoheb “^rhkbssir‖ “Ehfbs tïkeokhs‖ “Ehfbs tïks.itovhs‖ eh fbeu. [ilvb sui sblbáëh klokiedh eh jhtëh “Arivir‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis b kloqub eh jhtëh jhtëh piri vhltir. 2. Whkà rbthreir rbthreiréé î tbli ietbroh ietbrohr. r. H prûxofh prûxofh pissh pissh ï i fieutbeáë fieutbeáëhh dis iuthrozi iuthroziáòbs áòbs,, klokiedh klokiedh eh jhtëh “Iuthroziáòbs‖ ei kioxi itovodidbs. itovodidbs. H sostbfi fhstri profborh ufi ehvi tbli hedb vhkà phdb fietbr hs eævbos hraieozikoheios. Ebstbhukish, aruph db hraieoziáëh db khfpris b h kbetrh. Whkà phdb betrir vilhrbs gioximédbhvilhrbs, hu khfpris, ioedi betrir istbroskh (*) piri oedokir thdis is hraieoziáòbs. ^rbbekmi hs kifphs hu kloqub shjrb h jhtëh “Iuthroziáëh alhjil‖ sb vhkà quosbr pbrfotor i iuthroziáëh bf thdhs hs eævbos hraieozikoheios. H sostbfi fhstriré ufi vosëh dh eivbaidhr dh aruph db itovodidb khfh fhstridh ei goa. :4. ;4 Goauri :40 Wosëh dh eivbaidhr dh aruph db itovodidb. 7. Bxpiedi Bxpiedi hs eûs klokied klokiedhh ehs soeios soeios phsotovhs phsotovhs hu phsokoh phsokoheiedh eiedh h kurshr kurshr ei loemi loemi b klokiedh klokiedh eh jhtëh db “Bxpiedor‖. Hjsbrvb khfh i vosëh dh eivbaidhr ï iprbsbetidi bf quitrh eævbos0 klissb db hj`bth db iuthroziáëh, hj`bth db iuthroziáëh, iuthroziáòbs b vilhrbs dhs kifphs. H sostbfi iuthfitokifbetb sblbkohei hs hj`bths b sbus vilhrbs db ikhrdh khf is sblbáòbs ietbrohrbs. [blbkoheb “Rtolotérohs‖ “Ehfbs tïks.itovhs‖ piri vosuilozir hs ehfbs dhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. Hjsbrvb tifjïf khfh h ^rhgolb Abebrithr sblbkohehu h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [XTKHD [XT KHDB B (iuthr (iuthrozi oziáëh áëh piri piri oeokoi oeokoirr ufi triesi triesiáë áëh) h) b h prbbek prbbekmbu mbu khf hs vilhrb vilhrbss dis triesiáòbs sblbkoheidis eh fbeu. 1. Whkà Whkà tbf qub fietbr fietbr thdis is iuthro iuthrozi ziáòb áòbss pbedbetb pbedbetbss ietbs qub vhkà vhkà phssi abrir abrir h pbrgol pbrgol khfplbtifbetb. H stitus db fieutbeáëh dis iuthroziáòbs ï thdi mhri fhstridh itrivïs db oedokidhrbs lufoehshs0 h vbrdb oedoki qub thdhs hs vilhrbs bstëh fietodhs, ifirblh qub mé ilauf vilhr qub ioedi eëh gho fietodh b vbrfblmh qub mé ih fbehs uf vilhr db eævbl hraieozikoheil sbr fietodh. I hj`bth gof dbdbprbbekmbr hs giltietb, vilhrbs pbedbetbs ijbrth, phdb klokir shjrbi kidi kifph dh iuthroziáëh iuthroziáëh klokir shjrbhuh bf sæfjhlh dh vhkà lépos bf kidi hj`bth db iuthroziáëh hu ioedi klokir shjrb h oedokidhr lufoehsh dh eivbaidhr b itrojuor iuthroziáëh abril piri i bstruturi sblbkoheidi. ^iri bstb bxbfplh, vhkà phdb itrojuor iuthroziáòbs khfplbtis piri i suj-érvhrb klokiedh eh oedokidhr lufoehsh db “[tiedird0 Toph db dhkufbeth eh pbdodh‖. Ei kioxi db doélhah, kloqub eh jhtëh “Bxbkutir‖. =. Bf sbauodi, sbauodi, kloqub kloqub eh eh jhtëh “Abrir “Abrir‖‖ ei jirri jirri db gbrrifbet gbrrifbetis. is. H sostbfi sostbfi fhstriré fhstriré ufi kioxi kioxi db doélhah piri vhkà betrir khf h ehfb dh pbrgol b uf tbxth jrbvb. Whkà phdb fietbr h ehfb prhphsth pblh sostbfi hu fudé-lh db ikhrdh khf i ehfbeklituri dh sbu sostbfi. Khetoeub klokiedh eh jhtëh “Bxbkutir‖. H sostbfi oré abrir iahri h pbrgol. ?. Whltb î tbli tbli oeokoil oeokoil db fieutbeáë fieutbeáëhh dhs aruphs aruphs db itovodidbs itovodidbs.. I tbli oedokiré oedokiré luzbs luzbs db trégbah trégbah vbrdbs piri h fbeu b iuthroziáòbs. Itrojui iahri bstb pbrgol i uf hu fios rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh klokiedh eh jhtëh “Rsuéroh‖, ei kioxi itovodidbs. 9>. H sostbfi fhstriré fhstriré i tbli “Itrojuoáëh “Itrojuoáëh db rbsphesévbl rbsphesévbl Fhdogokir‖.K Fhdogokir‖.Kloqub loqub shjrb h jhtëh “Kroir itroju itrojuoáë oáëh‖ h‖ ei jirri jirri db gbrrif gbrrifbet betis, is, hu sblbk sblbkohe ohebb dh fbeu fbeu “Itroj “Itrojuoá uoáëh‖ ëh‖ “Kroir “Kroir‖‖ “Kroir “Kroir itrojuoáëh‖. H sostbfi fhstriré ufi kioxi db doélhah piri sblbkoheir usuérohs. Betrb uf istbroskh (*) khfjoeif hu hutrh krotïroh b kloqub kloqub “Ivieáir‖. fhstriré i losti dhsisusuérohs dh sostbfi qub khf sbu krotïroh. [blbkohebHhssostbfi usuérohs klokiedh shjrb kioxis db vbrogokiáëh ih lidh dh ehfb dhs bskhlmodhs b kloqub shjrb h jhtëh “Ikbotir‖. ;2 99. [b vhkà quosbr qub hs pbrgos sb`if sb`if triesgbrodhs triesgbrodhs ihs rbaostrhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, usuéroh, kloqub eh jhtëh “I`ustb db fbstrb db usuérohs‖. H sostbfi fhstriré i tbli dh prharifi db i`ustb db fbstrb db usuérohs. Kloqub shjrb h jhtëh “Bxbkutir‖. H sostbfi fhstriré i losti dhs usuérohs khf itrojuoáëh pbedbetb dh aruph db itovodidb. itovodidb. Kloqub eh jhtëh “I`ustir fbst.usuéroh‖. fbst.usuéroh‖. Whkà phdb vbrogokir qub hs aruphs db itovodidbs b pbrgos ghrif bgbtovifbetb triesgbrodhs piri hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh usiedh i triesiáëh [R>9. Mé i phssojolodidb db rhdir uf rblitûroh abril piri ituilozir thdhs hs fbstrbs dh usuéroh khf itrojuoáòbs pbedbetbs db aruphs db itovodidbs usiedh i triesiáëh ^GRD. ^iri abrbekoir is itrojuoáòbs pbedbetbs db aruphs db itovodidbs, hs idfoeostridhrbs dbvbf prharifir h rblitûroh ZMIRT^9 (vbrsòbs ;.9 b 4.>) hu ^GKAXTOFBXDB^BEDBEK_ (vbrsëh 4.2) piri rhdir thdi ehotb. I gbrrifbeti ^rhgolb Abebrithr oekluo fuotis gueáòbs idokoheios piri gikolotir i kroiáëh b fieutbeáëh dis iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos, tios khfh is rbsphesijolodidbs b fhdblhs, khlbáòbs db hj`bths db iuthroziáëh qub phdbf sbr oekluædhs dbetrh dhs aruphs db itovodidbs. Fhdblhs sëh klobetb oedbpbedbetb b phdbf sbr fietodhs usiedh i triesiáëh [R:4. ^brgos ^rï-dbgoeodhs b Hj`bths db Iuthroziáëh dh [ostbfi Jésokh Rf sos sostbf tbfii rbk rbkbet betbfb bfbetb etb oes oestil tilidh idh dh [I^ Z/; oek oekluo luo kbetbe kbetbeis is db hj`bth hj`bthss db iuthro iuthroziá ziáòbs òbs,, iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos qub pbrfotbf uf eðfbrh vortuilfbetb olofotidh db khfjoeiáòbs piri prhtbabr h sostbfi khetri ikbsshs oedbvodhs. ^iri lostir hs pbrgos dh sostbfi, dh fbeu oeokoil sblbkoheb “Gbrrifbetis‖ “Idfoeostriáëh‖ “Ituiloziáë “Ituiloziáëhh usuéroh‖ “^brgos‖. [blbkoheb i kioxi db vbrogokiáëh ih lidh db “[û itovh‖ b kloqub eh jhtëh “Betbr‖ ei jirri db gbrrifbetis piri abrir i losti db pbrgos itovhs dospheævbos. Ilaues dbstbs pbrgos sëh bspbkoios, khfh h [I^XILL b h [I^XEBQ. H pbrgol [I^XILL oekluo thdhs hs provolïaohs db ikbssh dh sostbfi Z/; b dbvb sbr itrojuædh shfbetb ihs supbrusuérohs. H pbrgol [I^XEBQ oekluo thdhs hs provolïaohs ehvhs db ikbssh qub ghrif idokoheidhs ihs khfphebetbs dh sostbfi db vbrsòbs ietbrohrbs. I [I^ rbkhfbedi idokoheir h pbrgol [I^XEBQ i thdhs hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh phr rizòbs db khfpitojolodidb ih bxbkutir uf uparidb eh Z/;. Khf h [I^XEBQ, hs usuérohs phdbf khetoeuir i usir is gueáòbs qub brif lojbridis ei vbrsëh ietbrohr b qub ei vbrsëh fios ehvi pisshu i sbr vbrogokidi. I losti sbauoetb fhstri ilaues pbrgos db iuthroziáëh dh sostbfi piri gueáòbs jésokis0 [XI.[_[TBF. ^brgol db supbrusuéroh piri idfoeostridhrbs dh sostbfi. Ï uf pbrgol sofplbs qub oekluo thdis is iuthroziáòbs piri h sostbfi jésokh. Bstb pbrgol bxkluo iuthroziáòbs piri iplokiáòbs db ebaûkoh3 betrbtieth, dbsdb qub hs usuérohs khf bstb pbrgol phdbf kroir b itrojuor pbrgos b iuthroziáòbs ihs usuérohs, ï vortuilfbetb uf pbrgol db ikbssh alhjil. [X [XI. I.ID IDFOE FOE.. ^brg ^brgol ol piri piri hp hpbr brid idhr hrbs bs db sost sostbf bfi. i. Oekl Oekluo uo fb fbeh ehss iuth iuthro rozi ziáò áòbs bs dh qu qubb is dh dhss supbrusuérohs. ^hr bxbfplh, eëh sëh pbrfotodhs fhdogokir hs usuérohs pbrtbekbetbs ih aruph [R^BZ. [XI.DBWBLH^. ^brgol pidrëh piri dbsbevhlvbdhrbs. Bstb pbrgol eëh pbrfotb qub hs usuérohs bxbkutbf quilqu qui lqubr br gueáë gueáëhh db idfoeo idfoeostr striáë iáëhh dh sostbf sostbfi, i, bxkbth bxkbth iqubli iqubliss rbl rbliko ikohei heidis dis dor dorbti btifbe fbetb tb khf h dbsbevhlvofbeth. [XI.R[BZ. ^brgol jésokh piri usuérohs ehrfios. Tàf iuthroziáòbs jésokis piri trijilmir eh sostbfi Z/;.. Fuotis Z/; Fuotis iuthro iuthroziá ziáòbs òbs khetod khetodis is pbrfot pbrfotbf bf qub hs usuéro usuérohs hs shfbet shfbetbb bxbkut bxbkutbf bf ito itovod vodidb idbss db vosuiloziáëh. [XI.KR [XI .KR[TH [THFOP FOP.. Bstb Bstb pbrgol pbrgol phdb phdb sbr sbr itroju itrojuædh ædh ihs usuéro usuérohs hs b ihs khesul khesulthr thrbs bs qub ebkbss ebkbssoti otif f trijilmir khf is gueáòbs db kusthfoziáëh. [XI.TF[IDF. Bstb pbrgol ghrebkb ikbssh îs gueáòbs dh sostbfi db triesphrtb b ï usidh pblh usuéroh TF[IDF dh ZGK. [XI.[MHQ. Bstb ï uf pbrgol sofplbs qub ghrebkb db bxojoáëh î fiohroi db gueáòbs jésokis. Ï iprhproidh piri usuérohs, vosotietbs, hu iudothrbs hkisoheios. Zistrbifbeth db Iuthroziáòbs ;7 H sostbfi Z/; oekluo ilaufis fieboris piri bekhetrir ufi iuthroziáëh bf quilqubr triesiáëh hu gueáëh bxbkutidi phr uf usuéroh eh sostbfi. Osth ï khfplbtifbetb ðtol ih prhkurir ufi gilti db iuthroziáëh hu ih dbgoeor pbrgos db iuthroziáëh quiedh vhkà qubr bspbkogokir bxitifbetb qub vilhrbs dh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh h usuéroh phdbré ikbssir. Hs dhos fïthdhs dospheævbos eh Z/; piri bekhetrir iuthroziáòbs sëh i triesiáëh db vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh ([R2;) b h ush dh ristrbifbeth (trikb) dh sostbfi. H ris ristrb trbifb ifbeth eth dh sos sostbf tbfii ï ufi gbr gbrrifb rifbeti eti db goeilo goeilodid didbb abril abril usidi usidi pro proeko ekopil pilfbe fbetb tb pbl pblhs hs dbsbev dbs bevhlv hlvbdh bdhrbs rbs b idfoeo idfoeostr stridh idhrbs rbs dh sos sostbf tbfii piri piri ghr ghrebk ebkbr br oeg oeghrf hrfiáò iáòbs bs dbtilm dbtilmidi idiss shjrb shjrb uf dbtbrfoeidh prhkbssh b ioedi phdb sbr usidi piri ristrbir sbssòbs db hutrhs usuérohs. I triesiáëh triesiáëh [R2; ï fios bspbkægoki bspbkægoki piri i ieélosb ieélosb db brrhs db iuthroziá iuthroziáëh ëh b phdb shfbetb shfbetb sbr usidi piri is sbssòbs ituios dh usuéroh. Betrbtieth, [R2; ï fios répodi b dorbti piri bekhetrir uf prhjlbfi db gil gilti ti db iuthro iuthroziá ziáëh. ëh. I triesi triesiáëh áëh [R2; [R2; phdb phdb sbr ikbssi ikbssidi di dh fbeu fbeu sblbko sblbkohei heiedh edh “[ostb “[ostbfi‖ fi‖ “Rtolotérohs‖ “Bxoj.vbrog.iuthroz.‖. Rsiedh h ristrbifbeth dh sostbfi piri ristrbir iuthroziáòbs H sostbfi [I^ oekluo utolotérohs khfplbths piri ristrbifbeth b dbjua. ^iri oeokoir uf ristrbifbeth dh sostbfi, dh fbeu proekopil, sblbkoheb “Gbrrifbetis‖ “Idfoeostriáëh‖ “Fheothr‖ “Trikbs‖ “Trikb dh sostbfi [I^‖. H sostbfi fhstri i tbli oeokoil dh ristrbifbeth. Ebsti tbli, sblbkoheb h jhtëh “[wotkm, bdot...‖. H sostbfi fhstri is hpáòbs db ristrbifbeth dospheævbos b jhtòbs, ufi dis quios i db vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh. Kbrtogoqub-sb qub vhkà firkhu i kioxi db vbrogokiáëh ih lidh di hpáëh db vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh (Iutmhrozitohe kmbkc). Eh kifph dis hpáòbs db bskroti, bskroti, sblbkoheb h vilhr bskrb bskrbvbr vbr bf doskh. H ristrbifbeth dh sostbfi phdb sbr usidh piri arivir quios sëh is vbrogokiáòbs db iuthroziáëh bxbkutidis pblh sostbfi usiedh sbu prûproh usuéroh OD hu usiedh hutris sbssòbs db usuérohs. ^iri lofotir h ristrbifbeth i sbu prûproh usuéroh OD hu i uf hutrh usuéroh OD, betrb h ehfb dh usuéroh OD qub vhkà qubr ristrbir eh goltrh abril, betriedh khf h ehfb dh usuéroh ei hpáëh “Trikb ghr usbr hely‖. ^iri itovir b oeokoir h prhkbssh db ristrbifbeth sblbkoheb dh fbeu “Trikb swotkm‖ “Bdothr sivb oe‖ “Oe iktovb systbf‖. H ristrbifbeth oré arivir kidi gueáëh dh sostbfi qub vhkà hu hutrh usuéroh bxbkutir. Issof, sb vhkà bstovbr prhkuriedh uf prhjlbfi db iuthroziáëh hu quosbr ipbeis bekhetrir ufi vbrogokiáëh pirtokulir db iuthroziáëh, ijri ufi ehvi sbssëh b vé î tbli, gueáëh, hu triesiáëh qub vhkà qubr ieilosir. Rfi vbz tbrfoeidi i sbssëh, vhkà dbvb pirir h ristrbifbeth dh sostbfi. Whltb î sbssëh hedb vhkà itovhu h ristrbifbeth, b pirb h ristrbifbeth sblbkoheiedh h jhtëh “[thp‖ hu itrivïs dh fbeu sblbkoheb “Trikb swotkm‖ “Offbdoitb swotkm‖ “[thp‖. Iahri vhkà dbvb vbrogokir vbrogokir h irquovh db ristrbifbeth ristrbifbeth qub gho abridh. ^iri vosuilozé-lh, sblbk sblbkoheb oheb dh fbeu “Trikb golbs‖ “[tiedird‖. H sostbfi fhstri i losti db ristrbifbeths. Kloqub shjrb h jhtëh “Ebw lost‖ piri ituilozir i tbli. ^hsokoheb h kurshr shjrb h irquovh dbsb`idh b kloqub bf “Kmhhsb golb‖ hu dà uf duplh kloqub shjrb h irquovh db ristrbifbeth. H irquovh db ristrbifbeth khetbré i losti dhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh, hs kifphs db iuthroziáëh, b hs vilhrbs qub ghrif tbstidhs quiedh vhkà bxbkuthu is gueáòbs eh sostbfi. Hs tbstbs db iuthroziáëh sëh fhstridhs eh sbauoetb ghrfith0 Kûdoah db rbthreh <- <Hj`bth db iuthroziáëh50<Kifph56<Wilhr tbstidh5. Whkà phdb vosuilozir db fiebori dbtilmidi tbstb db klokiedh i loemi. I goauri :2 fhstri db uf fios irqu irquov ovh h db rist rihstrb rbif ifbe beth thiuthroziáëh fhst fh stri ried edh h ufi ufi shjrb vbro vbrogo goki kiáë áëhh db iuth iuthro rozi ziáë áëh h piri piriufhbxbfplh hj`b hj `bth th FXFITBX[TI. ;1 Goauri :20 Zbsultidh db ufi ieélosb db ristrbifbeth piri uf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. Rsiedh i triesiáëh [R2; I triesiáëh [R2; phdb sbr usidi piri ieilosir ufi gueáëh quiedh vhkà rbkbjbr h brrh “Gilti db iuthroziáëh‖ ei jirri db stitus. Yuiedh vhkà rbkbjbr bsti fbesiabf, betrb /e[R2; eh kifph db khfiedh. khfie dh. Iltbreitov Iltbreitovifbet ifbetb, b, vhkà phdb sblbkoheir sblbkoheir “[ostbfi‖ “[ostbfi‖ “Rtolotéro “Rtolotérohs‖ hs‖ “Bxoj.vbrog “Bxoj.vbrog.iuth .iuthroz.‖ roz.‖ db quilqubr tbli [I^. H sostbfi fhstriré h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh b h vilhr piri i quil vhkà eëh gho iuthrozidh. I triesiáëh [R2; phdb tifjïf sbr usidi db quilqubr db suis sbssòbs ijbrtis b eëh shfbetb di qub vhkà rbkbjbu i fbesiabf db gilti db iuthroziáëh. Betrbtieth, vhkà eëh phdb usir [R2; piri ieilosir brrhs db iuthroziáëh db hutrhs usuérohs. Ebssbs kishs, hs idfoeostridhrbs dbvbf oestruor hs usuérohs i rbprhduzor h brrh b betëh rhdir triesiáëh [R2; eh kifph db khfiedh piri rbkbjbr i oeghrfiáëh shjrb h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh b hsi vilhrbs kmbkidhs. ;= Hraieoziedh i Fieutbeáëh dh [ostbfi db Iuthroziáëh H sostbfi db iuthroziáëh dh [I^ hgbrbkb fuotis hpáòbs piri hraieozir i idfoeostriáëh dhs usuérohs, iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos, gizbedh-h khfplbtifbetb glbxævbl ih dbgoeor pipïos db trijilmh. Dbpbedbedh dh toph, dh tifiemh b dis rbstroáòbs db sbaurieái, ufi oestiliáëh phdb tbr uf ðeokh su supb pbru rusu suér éroh oh pi piri ri i fieu fieutb tbeá eáëh ëh dh sost sostbf bfii db iuth iuthro rozi ziáë áëhh db th thdh dh h if ifjo jobe betb tb hu do dovb vbrs rshs hs idfoeostridhrbs dbskbetrilozidhs khf gueáòbs dogbrbetbs di fieutbeáëh db iuthroziáòbs. I [I^ rbkhfbedi îqublbs klobetbs qub qubrbf i féxofi sbaurieái phssævbl ei fieutbeáëh dh sostbfi db iuthroziáëh db usuérohs qub dovodi i idfoeostriáëh betrb tràs tophs db usuérohs0 Idfoeostridhrbs dh usuéroh. [ëh rbsphesévbos pbli kroiáëh b fieutbeáëh dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh. Hs idfoeostridhrbs dh usuéroh phdbf i`ustir pirêfbtrhs dh usuéroh, bdotir i losti db pbrgos itrojuædhs b issof phr doietb. Hs idfoeostridhrbs dh usuéroh eëh phdbf kroir hu itovirr iuthroziá itovi iuthroziáòbs òbs hu pbrgos. pbrgos. Hs idfoeostri idfoeostridhrbs dhrbs dh usuéroh usuéroh phdbf ioedi sbr dovododhs dbpbedbedh dhs aruphs db usuéroh. Idfoeostridhrbs db iuthroziáëh. ^hdbf dbgoeor hu fhdogokir iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos3 betrbtieth, blbs eëh phdbf itovir is iuthroziáòbs hu pbrgos. Hs idfoeostridhrbs di iuthroziáëh trijilmif shfbetb khf vbrsòbs rbvosidis dis iuthroziáòbs b dhs pbrgos. Idfoeostridhrbs db itoviáëh. [ëh rbsphesévbos pbli itoviáëh dis iuthroziáòbs b dhs pbrgos. Bstb toph db idfoeostridhr eëh phdb kroir hu fhdogokir iuthroziáòbs hu pbrgos fis phdbf shfbetb itovir vbrsòbs rbvosidis bxostbetbs dhs pbrgos b iuthroziáòbs. Dovodoedh Dovod oedh rbsphesijo rbsph esijolodidb lodidb fieutbeáë fieut h dis bf dogbrbetb dogb rbetbs siloz idfoeostri idfoe dhrbs, , tri sostbfi sostb fietia aiemi sb sbau auri rieá eái, i, ibv bvot otie iedh dh qu qub b iáòb iáòbsdi s eëh eë h iuth iubeáëh thro rozi zidi s sb`i sb `if f rb rbil ozid idis is..ostridhrbs Rf Rfi i hu hutr i viet vi iabf bf ïbfi dbskbe dbs kbetri triloz loziáë iáëhh di idfoeo idfoeostr striáë iáëhh db usuéro usuérohs. hs. Bf oestil oestiliáò iáòbs bs fuoth fuoth ariedb ariedbss khf kbetb kbetbeis eis db usuérohs, phdb sbr ufi jhi prétoki i dovosëh dis gueáòbs db fieutbeáëh dh usuéroh phr dbpirtifbeths, bdogækohs, bskrotûrohs rbaoheios b issof phr doietb. ^iri ofplbfbetir bstis tirbgis idfoeostritovis, h supbrusuéroh usi is iuthroziáòbs piri lofotir qub aruphs db usuéroh sbrëh fietodhs phr quios idfoeostridhrbs dh usuéroh b qub iuthroziáòbs b pbrgos phdbrëh sbr fietodhs hu itovidhs phr quios idfoeostridhrbs. Rfi vbz qub h supbrusuéroh phdb lofotir b rbstroeaor hs dorboths db ikbssh, hs idfoeostridhrbs dbskbetrilozidhs eëh ebkbssotif sbr di bquopb tïkeoki db ilth eævbl db guekoheérohs. ^hdbf sbr usuérohs ehrfios di bfprbsi. Khfh uf supbrusuéroh, vhkà phdb dbgoeor ehvhs pbrgos piri bstbs idfoeostridhrbs usiedh khfh fhdblh h pbrgol pidrëh [XI.IDFOE iltbriedh hs vilhrbs dhs kifphs khrrbsphedbetbs ihs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh dhs aruphs db usuéroh, dis iuthroziáòbs, dhs pbrgos db iuthroziáëh b proekopilfbetb dh i`ustb dhs vilhrbs dh kifph db itovodidb. Kroiedh Ehvis Wbrogokiáòbs db Iuthroziáëh Bfjhri h sostbfi Z/; oeklui vortuilfbetb thdhs hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b thdis is vbrogokiáòbs ebkbssérois ih ush dis gueáòbs dh sostbfi, klobetbs phdbf idokoheir ehvhs dbsbevhlvofbeths db gueáòbs b hj`bths piri bstbedbr is phtbekoilodidbs dh sostbfi. Ebssbs kishs, hs klobetbs phdbf tifjïf ebkbssotir oekluor ufi ehvi vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh. H Z/; ghrebk ghrebkbb dovbrs dovbrsis is fiebor fieboris is db oek oekluor luor ehvis ehvis vbr vbrogok ogokiáò iáòbs bs db iut iuthro hrozi ziáëh áëh piri piri hj`bth hj`bthss hu triesiáòbs dbsbevhlvodhs pblh klobetb, dis quios phdbfhs kotir0 Itrojuoedh uf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh ih kûdoah db triesiáëh ei tijbli db triesiáëh T[TK b usiedh h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [XTKHDB. ^rharifiedh i vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh usiedh i dbkliriáëh pidrëh IJI^ IRTMHZOT_KMBKC. Itrojuoedh aruphs db iuthroziáëh îs tijblis, fietbedh i tijbli TDDIT b usiedh h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [XTIJRXDO[. Rsiedh h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [X^ZHAZIF b usiedh aruphs db iuthroziáëh dh prharifi itrivïs di tijbli T^A^. ;? Rsiedh i vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh khf i tijbli T[TK Hs kûdoahs db triesiáòbs bstëh isshkoidhs khf gueáòbs dh sostbfi, ehrfilfbetb oeokoidis pbli bskhlmi db hpáòbs eh fbeu. I tijbli T[TK ï i tijbli db kûdoah db triesiáëh qub khetïf bssb rblikoheifbeth. Khfh vhkà `é phdb vbr, is triesiáòbs phdbf sbr kmifidis dorbtifbetb dh kifph db khfiedh betriedh uf kûdoah. H sostbfi usi h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [XTKHDB kidi vbz qub ufi triesiáëh ï bxbkutidi piri vbrogokir sb hs usuérohs phssubf iuthroziáëh piri oeokoir bssi triesiáëh. Bstb hj`bth ï iuthfitokifbetb oekluædh ehs pbrgos khf sbus vilhrbs khrrbsphedbetbs ih sb usir h ^rhgolb Abebrithr. Bstb hj`bth eëh ï vbrogokidh quiedh is triesiáòbs eëh sëh kmifidis dorbtifbetb, khfh hkhrrb ehs kishs db kmifidis itrivïs db dbkliriáòbs IJI^ KILL TZIE[IKTOHE. I tijbli T[TK tifjïf pbrfotb itrojuor uf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh i ufi triesiáëh. Yuiedh uf usuéroh oeokoi ufi triesiáëh, h sostbfi vbrogoki i iuthroziáëh dh usuéroh piri bsti triesiáëh. Bstb toph db vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh ï dorbth b eëh mé ebemufi ebkbssodidb db prharifiáëh. Whkà phdb bxojor hu fietbr i tijbli T[TK usiedh i gueáëh db fieutbeáëh db tijbli pidrëh bf “[ostbfi‖ “[brvoáhs‖ “Ituiloziáëh tijblis‖ hu iltbreitovifbetb, itrivïs di triesiáëh [F;9. Ei tijbli T[TK, vhkà phdb isshkoir thdh h hj`bth db iuthroziáëh i ufi triesiáëh b phdb tifjïf bspbkogokir hs vilhrbs qub h usuéroh dbvb phssuor piri qub i vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh pissb. Ipbeis khfh rbgbràekoi, lbfjrb-sb qub vhkà phdb sijbr quil ï i triesiáëh ituil sblbkoheiedh dh fbeu “[ostbfi‖ “[titus...‖. Bstb toph db vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh bsté airietodh quiedh i triesiáëh ï kmifidi dh fbeu dh sos sostbf tbfii hu quiedh quiedh ï betrid betridii eh kifph kifph db khfied khfiedh. h. Betrbti Betrbtieth eth,, sb i tri triesi esiáë áëhh ghr kmifid kmifidii oedorbtifbe oedorb tifbetb tb db ufi hutri gueáëh itrivïs db ufi kmifidi KILL TZIE[IKTOHE, TZIE[IKTOHE, h sostbfi sostbfi eëh vbrogoki i iuthroziáëh. Khesbqübetbfbetb, sb bssi bssi triesiáëh ghr krætoki, ï fios ssbaurh baurh prharifir ufi vbrogokiáëh itrivïs di dbkliriáëh IJI^ IRTMHZOT_-KMBKC. Rsiedh i dbkliriáëh IJI^ IRTMHZOT_-KMBKC ^irii usir ^ir usir i dbklir dbkliriáë iáëhh IJI^ IJI^ IRTMHZ IRTMHZOT_OT_-KMB KMBKC KC ei vbrogo vbrogoki kiáëh áëh db iuthro iuthroziá ziáòbs òbs bf sbus sbus prharifis, vhkà dbvb sbauor ilaues pisshs, qub phdbf hu eëh sbr rbqubrodhs dbpbedbedh di vbrogokiáëh qub vhkà qubr usir0 9. Db Dbgo goei ei b krob krob kifph kifphss db iuth iuthroz roziá iáëh ëh piri piri h ehvh ehvh tbstb tbstb db iuthr iuthroz oziá iáëh ëh.. H khetbð khetbðdh dh dhs kifphs db iuthroziáëh sëh hs vilhrbs qub h prharifi rbilfbetb tbstiré. :. Itroju Dbgoei Dbgoe iihhhj`bth hj`b iuthroz iuthroziáëh khetbe khetbedh dh hsklissb kifphs kifphs rbkb etbàdbgoeodhs dbg oeodhs. . quilqu ;. Itr ojui hj`bth hj`thbthdbdb iuthroz iuthiáëh roziá iáëh ëh i ufi kli ssb db rbkbetbfb hj`bth. hj`betbfbetb th. Whkà Whk phdb usir quilqubr br klissb klissb bxostbetb3 bxost betb3 betrbtieth, betrbtieth, rbkhfbedi-sb rbkhfbedi-sb itrojuor itrojuor hj`bths db iuthroziá iuthroziáëh ëh dh klobetb îs klissbs db hj`bthh db iuthroziáëh hj`bt iuthroziáëh tifjïf dbgoeodis pblh klobetb, khfbáiedh khfbáiedh khf is lbtris _ hu P piri dostoeauo-lis dis klissbs [I^. 4. Goeilfbetb Goeilfbetb,, prharifb prharifb i vbrogokiáë vbrogokiáëhh db iuthroziá iuthroziáëh ëh usiedh usiedh i dbkliriáë dbkliriáëhh IJI^ IRTMHZO IRTMHZOT_T_KMBKC. 4> Dbgoeoedh ehvhs kifphs db iuthroziáëh iuthroziáëh Kifphs db iuthroziáëh sëh dbgoeodhs dh ifjobetb db dbsbevhlvofbeth IJI^. ^iri ikbssir bsti gueáëh, dh fbeu proekopil sblbkoheb “Gbrrifbetis‖ “IJI^ Qhrcjbekm‖ “Dbsbevhlvofbeth‖ “Hutris gbrrifbetis‖ “Hj`bths db iuthroziáëh‖ “Kifphs‖. H sostbfi fhstri ufi tbli khf tràs jhtòbs ijioxh di kioxi “Kifphs db iuthroziáëh‖. ^iri dbgoeor sbus prûprohs kifphs db iuthroziáëh, vhkà dbvb sblbkoheir “Klobetb‖, phos sbeëh sbus prûprohs kifphs db iuthroziáëh phdbf sbr shjrb-bskroths bf uf guturh uparidb db sostbfi. Ietbs db kroir ehvhs kifphs, lbfjrb-sb qub vhkà phdb usir kifphs db iuthroziáëh prï-dbgoeodhs pbli [I^ bf sbus hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. ^hr bxbfplh, vhkà phdb usir h kifph db iuthroziáëh khfuf itovodidb (IKTWT) bf sbus prûprohs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. Khfh ufi bxoaàeko Khfh bxoaàekoii ietbs ietbs db dbgoeo dbgoeorr uf kifph kifph ehvh ehvh db iut iuthro hroziá ziáëh ëh pbl pblhh klo klobet betb, b, i bstrut bstruturi uri PIRTMKR[T dbvb tbr sodh kroidi ietbrohrfbetb. Ossh sbré vbrogokidh pblh sostbfi ei profbori vbz qub uf kifph db iuthroziáëh ghr kroidh b, sb eëh bxostor, h sostbfi bxbkutiré iuthfitokifbetb i gueáëh dh dokoheéroh IJI^ piri gizà-lh. ^iri kro ^iri kroir ir bsti bsti bstrut bstruturi uri,, di tbli tbli oeo oeokoi koill dh ifjobe ifjobetb tb IJI^ IJI^ (tr (tries iesiáë iáëhh [>>9), [>>9), klo kloqub qub eh jhtëh jhtëh “Doktoheiry‖, betrb PIRTMKR[T eh kifph “Ehfb dh hj`bth‖, kloqub ei sblbáëh ih lidh di pilivri “Bstruturis‖ b kloqub betëh shjrb h jhtëh “Kroir‖. Whkà sbré iprbsbetidh î tbli oeokoil piri kroir ufi bstruturi. Oeklui ufi jrbvb dbskroáëh. Whkà eëh ebkbssoti dbgoeor quilqubr kifph piri bsti bstruturi. [ilvb i bstruturi klokiedh eh jhtëh “Arivir sbf vbrogokir‖. Bf kishs db brrh, khpob hs kifphs di bstruturi IRTMKLI[[ b silvb ehvifbetb i bstruturi kroidi. Bstb`i kbrth db itrojuor i kroiáëh di ehvi bstruturi i ufi Kmieab Zbqubst bf ufi klissb db dbsbevhlvofbeth dh sbu ifjobetb. Rfi vbz kroidi i ehvi bstruturi PIRTMKR[T, ei tbli db fieutbeáëh dhs kifphs db iuthroziáëh, vhkà phdb betrir khf hs ehfbs piri sbus prûprohs kifphs b itrojuæ-lhs i uf blbfbeth db didhs dh dokoheéroh. Lbfjrb-sb qub h ehfb dbvb khfbáir khfbáir khf is lbtris _ hu P. Whkà phdb dbgoeor gioxi db vilhrbs usiedh isshkoiáëh db dhfæeohs b kmivbs bstrieaboris ihs kifphs db iuthroziáëh. Dbgoeoedh ehvhs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh iuthroziáëh ^iri kroir hu dbgoeor uf ehvh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh piri ufi gueáëh hu triesiáëh qub ebkbssoti sbr prhtbaodi, sblbkoheb fbeu “Gbrrifbetis‖ “IJI^ Qhrcjbekm‖ “Dbsbevhlvofbeth‖ gbrrifbetis‖ “Hj`bths dh db iuthroziáëh‖ “Hj`bths‖. I goauri :7 fhstri uf bxbfplh dbsti tbli. “Hutris 49 Goauri :70 Losti dis klissbs db hj`bths. Whkà dbvb itrojuor sbus hj`bths i ufi klissb db hj`bth. Dbsti tbli, vhkà phdb kroir sui prûproi klissb db hj`bth, klokiedh eh jhtëh “Kroir‖, betriedh khf uf ehfb b ufi dbskroáëh. Rfi vbz sui klissb db hj`bth kroidi, dà duplh kloqub shjrb i klissb db hj`bth piri vosuilozir hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh, b betëh kloqub eh jhtëh “Kroir‖ piri dbgoeor uf ehvh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh. Betrb h ehfb dh ehvh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh, ufi jrbvb dbskroáëh b hs kifphs db iuthroziáëh qub vhkà qubr isshkoir i sbu ehvh hj`bth. Rf hj`bth db iuthroziáëh phdb tbr eh féxofh 9> kifphs db iuthroziáëh i quil sbrëh usidhs pblhs tbstbs fultokhedokoheios piri prhtbabr h sostbfi Whkà phdb tifjïf oesbror ufi dhkufbetiáëh ih sbu ehvh hj`bth bspbkogokiedh i goeilodidb db sui kroiáëh. Whkà eëh dbvb blofoeir hu fhdogokir hj`bths db iuthroziáëh pidrëh dbgoeodhs pbli [I^ ufi vbz qub ossh phdb kiusir sïrohs brrhs ihs prharifis. ^iri kroir sbus prharifis b usir i dbkliriáëh IJI^ IRTMHZOT_-KMBKC, khesultb uf khesulthr hu prharifidhr IJI^. Dbtilmbs Tïkeokhs dis Tijblis b ^irêfbtrhs di ^rhgolb di Oestiekb piri Rsuérohs, Iuthroziáòbs b ^brgos Is sbssòbs sbauoetbs rbsufbf ilaufis tijblis ofphrtietbs db ush oetbreh dh sostbfi [I^ piri abrbekoir hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh, iuthroziáòbs, b oeghrfiáòbs rblitovis ihs pbrgos, jbf khfh ilaues ilaues pirêfb pirêfbtrh trhss ofphrt ofphrtiet ietbs bs di prhgol prhgolbb di oestie oestiekb kb qub igbtif igbtif dor dorbti btifbe fbetb tb is gueáòb gueáòbss db idfoeostriáëh db usuérohs b iuthroziáòbs. Dbtilmbs Tïkeokhs0 Tijblis dh sostbfi rblikoheidis ihs usuérohs b iuthroziáòbs Yuiedh hs idfoeostridhrbs fhdogokif, kroif hu ituilozif hs rbaostrhs fbstrbs db usuéroh hu dbgoebf iuthroziáòbs hu pbrgos, h sostbfi ituilozi is tijblis hedb oetbreifbetb fietàf bssis oeghrfiáòbs. ^iri 4: sijbr quios tijblis sëh usidis pblis gueáòbs db fieutbeáëh db usuéroh b db iuthroziáëh phdb sbr ofphrtietb, phr bxbfplh, bf triesphrtbs, uparidbs dh sostbfi b piri i idfoeostriáëh abril di jisb db didhs. Is tijbli tijbliss rbl rblito itovis vis ihs usuéro usuérohs hs eëh phdbf phdbf sbr dorbti dorbtifbe fbetb tb vosuil vosuilozi ozidis dis itrivï itrivïss di gueáëh gueáëh db fieutbeáëh db tijblis (“[ostbfi‖ “[brvoáhs‖ “Ituiloziáëh tijblis‖), bxkbth i tijbli dis sbqüàekois db kiriktbrbs prhojodis eis sbemis, R[Z4>. Ilaufis dis hutris tijblis sëh i sbauoetb0 R[Z>9 khetïf didhs bf tbfph db bxbkuáëh dhs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh R[Z>: khetïf oeghrfiáòbs db lhahe tios khfh sbemis R[Z>; khetïf oeghrfiáòbs db bedbrbáh dhs usuérohs R[Z>4 khetïf is iuthroziáòbs dhs usuérohs R[Z>2 khetïf hs pirêfbtrhs OD dhs usuérohs R[Z>7 khetïf didhs idokoheios dhs usuérohs R[Z>1 oekluo vilhrbs piri h ðltofh tbstb db gilti db iuthroziáëh R[Z>= khetïf betridis db fbeu dh usuéroh R[Z>? khetbf fbeus dh usuéroh R[Z9> khetïf hs pbrgos db iuthroziáëh dh usuéroh R[Z99 khetïf tbxths dbskrotovhs piri hs pbrgos R[Z9: khetïf hs vilhrbs dis iuthroziáòbs dh fbstrb dh usuéroh R[Z9; khetïf hs tbxths jrbvbs dbskrotovhs piri iuthroziáòbs R[Z94 khetïf vbrsòbs db odohfi db lhahe db ufi sbssëh db usuéroh R[Z;> khetïf oeghrfiáòbs idokoheios dhs fbeus dh usuéroh Hs didhs mostûrokhs db fudieáis ehs pbrgos, iuthroziáòbs b usuérohs bstëh fietodhs eis tijblis R[M>:, R[M>4, R[M9>, b R[M9:. H sostbfi oekluo hutris tijblis rblikoheidis ihs rbaostrhs fbstrbs dh usuéroh qub sëh hutris vbrsòbs db ilaufis dis tijblis ietbrohrbs. Betrb blis0 R[T>4, R[T9>K, R[T9>[, b R[T9:. Is tijblis rblikoheidis khf hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b hs kifphs db iuthroziáëh sëh0 THJ@ khetïf hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b sbus rbspbktovhs kifphs TIKT khetïf i losti db thdis is hpáòbs piri h kifph db iuthroziáëh “Itovodidb‖. Khesultb i goa. 9: piri uf bxbfplh. TIKTP khetïf h rblikoheifbeth betrb hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b sbus vilhrbs piri h kifph itovodidbs TDDIT khetïf i isshkoiáëh dis tijblis ihs aruphs db iuthroziáëh usidi pblh hj`bth db iuthroziáëh [XTIJRXDO[ T[TK khetïf hs kûdoahs db triesiáëh hedb hs hj`bths db iuthroziáëh b sbus vilhrbs phdbf sbr dbgoeodhs T^A^ khetïf h rblikoheifbeth betrb is érbis db iplokiáëh b hs aruphs db iuthroziáëh db prharifis R[HJT ï ufi tijbli pidrëh dh [I^ qub rblikohei triesiáòbs khf hj`bths db iuthroziáëh R[HJ] ï ufi tijbli db vbrogokiáëh dh [I^ piri R[HJT qub khetïf is triesiáòbs b hj`bths db iuthroziáëh R[HJTXK ï ufi tijbli dh klobetb, khpoidi oeokoilfbetb dh pidrëh dh [I^, qub rblikohei triesiáòbs khf hj`bths db iuthroziáëh R[HJ]XK ï ufi tijbli db vbrogokiáëh dh klobetb piri R[HJTXK qub khetïf triesiáòbs b hj`bths db iuthroziáëh. Dbtilmbs Tïkeokhs0 ^irêfbtrhs db ^rhgolb piri Abrbekoifbeth db Rs Rsuérohs uérohs b Iuthroziáòbs Iuthroziáòbs ^irêfbtrhs qub igbtif dorbtifbetb is gueáòbs db abrbekoifbeth db usuérohs0 lhaoe/giolsXthXsbssoheXbed. Oedoki h eðfbrh db vbzbs qub uf usuéroh phdb betrir ufi sbemi oekhrrbti oekhr rbti ietbs qub h sostbfi gbkmb sui sbss sbssëh. ëh. H vilhr dbgiult dbgiult ï ;, fis vhkà phdb i`usté-lh i`usté-lh piri quilqubr vilhr betrb 9 b ??. 4; lhaoe/giolsXthXus lhaoe/giols XthXusbrXlh brXlhkc. kc. Oedoki h eðfbrh eðfbrh db vbzbs qub uf usuéroh usuéroh phdb betrir betrir ufi sbemi oek oekhrr hrrbti bti iet ietbs bs dh sostbf sostbfii trivétrivé-lh lh iuthfi iuthfitok tokifb ifbetb etb.. [b ost osthh ikhet ikhetbkb bkbr, r, h usuéro usuérohh sbré sbré dbsjlhqubidh iuthfitokifbetb î fboi-ehotb. H vilhr dbgiult ï 9:. Wilhrbs phssævbos sëh db 9 i ??. lhaoe/systbfXklobet. I`usti h fiedietb dh sostbfi dbgiult. Bstb fiedietb ï prbbekmodh iuthfitokifbetb eh kifph dh klobetb ei tbli db lhahe db ufi sbssëh, bfjhri hs usuérohs phssif iltbré-lh. lhaoe/foeXpisswhrdXlea. Bspbkogoki h khfprofbeth fæeofh di sbemi. H vilhr dbgiult ï ;, fis vhkà phdb bspbkogokir quilqubr vilhr betrb : b =. lhaoe/pisswhrdXbxporitoheXtofb. Oedoki h eðfbrh db dois dh pbræhdh db vilodidb dis sbemis. Yuiedh h tbfph db bxporiáëh hkhrrb, h usuéroh sbré hjroaidh i trhkir db sbemi. lhaoe/ehXi lhaoe /ehXiuthfit uthfitokXus okXusbrXsi brXsipstir pstir.. Dbsijoloti Dbsijoloti is prhprobdidb prhprobdidbss bspbkoios bspbkoios dh usuéroh usuéroh [I^* quiedh bstb pirêfbtrh ï i`ustidh khf uf vilhr fiohr qub >. rdosp/auoXiuthXlhahut. Bspbkogoki h eðfbrh db sbauedhs hedb ufi sbssëh db usuéroh phdb gokir oeitovi ietbs db sbr iuthfitokifbet iuthfitokifbetbb dbskhebk dbskhebktidi tidi pblh sostbfi. sostbfi. Bstb pirêfbtrh pirêfbtrh ï dbsitovidh i`ustiedh-h bf >. Rfi sbssëh db usuéroh ï khesodbridi bf bstidh oeitovh durietb h pbræhdh db tbfph bf qub sbu prhkbssh ([I^ARO) eëh triesgbrb hu khfueoki h sbrvodhr db iploki iplokiáëh áëh.. ^hr dbgiul dbgiult, t, bsti bsti hpá hpáëh ëh eëh ï itovid itovidi. i. ^hr bxbfpl bxbfplh, h, hs dbsbev dbsbevhlv hlvbdh bdhrbs rbs qub trijilmif eh bdothr IJI^ durietb uf lheah pbræhdh db tbfph phdbf sbr khesodbridhs oeitovhs pblh sostbfi sb eëh bxbkutirbf ebemufi gueáëh. Iv Ivos osh0 h0 Tb Tbem emii bxtr bxtrbf bfhh kuodi kuodidh dh ih usir usir bsti bsti hpáë hpáëhh bf sui sui oe oest stil iliá iáëh ëh.. Kh Khf f i gu gueá eáëh ëh db iuthdbskhebxëh itovidi, h sostbfi eëh bxbkuti ebemufi vbrogokiáëh ebf arivi ebemuf didh di sbssëh dh usuéroh. H sostbfi eëh fhstri i kioxi db doélhah di khegorfiáëh dh tïrfoeh db ufi sbssëh. iutm/e iutm/ehXk hXkmbk mbkcXo cXoeXs eXshfb hfbXki Xkisbs sbs.. Bst Bstbb pirêfb pirêfbtrh trh ï i`usti i`ustidh dh piri piri dbsloa dbsloair ir vbrogok vbrogokiáò iáòbs bs db iuthroziáëh bspbkoios pblh klobetb b ï h pirêfbtrh proekopil piri itovir i gbrrifbeti dh ^rhgolb Abebrithr. Hs vilhrbs phdbf sbr _ (sof) hu E (eëh). iutm/ehXkmbkcXheXtkhdb. [b bstb pirêfbtrh bstovbr i`ustidh piri _ (sof), betëh h sostbfi eëh bxbkuti vbrogokiáëh db iuthroziáëh eh hj`bth [XTKHDB. ^iri i`ustir hs pirêfbtrhs db ghrfi alhjil ei sui oestiliáëh, iltbrb i prhgolb DBGIRLT.^GL. ^iri gizà-lhs phr kidi oestiekb, iltbrb i rbspbktovi prhgolb di oestiekb db kidi sbrvodhr db iplokiáëh di sui oestiliáëh. 44