Unit IG2: Risk assessment
Declaration: By submitting this assessment (Parts 1 – 4) for marking I declare that it is entirely my own work. I understand that falsely claiming that
the work is my own is malpractice and can lead to NEBOSH imposing severe penalties (see the NEBOSH Malpractice Policy for further information).
Important note: You must refer to the document ‘Unit IG2: risk assessment – Guidance and information for learners and Learning Partners’ while
completing all parts of this assessment. Your Learning Partner should provide you with a copy, but it can also be downloaded from the relevant
resources section for this qualification on the NEBOSH website.
Part 1: Background
You should aim to complete this section in 150 - 200 words.
Topic
Comments
Name of organisation*
Site location*
Number of workers
XYZ
ABC
100
XYZ Builders, the premier builders and developers with their corporate base in Muscat, is
a joint venture. XYZ Builders has been established with a focus on the real estate and
construction business. We have developed a strong and satisfied clientele by our
commitment to adhere to quality in all our projects. Also we are ISO 9001- 2000 Certified
Company having two decades of experience in construction of innovative apartments and
dwellings.
The current project we have selected for our risk assessment is a commercial shopping
complex construction site near Muscat. It is a five storey building under construction
which comprises of an area more than six lakh square feet. The main activities taking
place in the site are excavation, foundation work, concrete work, roofing, plastering work,
electrical and plumbing works, tiles laying, painting etc. Concrete mixers, concrete cutter,
bar bending and cutting machines, earth compactor, load trucks, forklifts, welding
machines, tower crane etc are the main machines used in the work site.
General description of the organisation
The selected site follows a working shift of 10 hours with 1.5 hours total break. The shift
starts from 08:00 am and ends at 06:00 pm in the evening. A lunch break of 1 hour and 2
Learner number:
Learner name:
Page 1 of 20
short breaks of 15 minutes are provided. The entire site is guarded by a team of 4
security guards day and night. Entry and exit logs are maintained at the security desk.
Description of the area to be included in the
Risk assessment covers the entire building construction site and its premises.
risk assessment
Project manager who directly reports to the managing director is the person responsible
Any other relevant information
for health and safety in the worksite.
* If you’re worried about confidentiality, you can invent a false name and location for your organisation but, all other information provided must be
factual.
You should aim to complete this section in 100 - 200 words.
Note: this section can be completed after you have competed your risk assessment.
Before starting the risk assessment, I have collected sufficient information from the
sources like international codes and conventions for health and safety in construction
(ILO Guidelines). The list of ILO guidelines in health and safety at workplace which I
consulted are given below:
Outline how the risk assessment was
carried out this should include:
 sources of information consulted;
 who you spoke to; and
 how you identified:
- the hazards;
- what is already being done; and
- any additional controls/actions
that may be required.
C167- Safety and Health in construction Convention,1988
The Building and other Construction Worker’s( Regulation of Employment and Conditions
of Service ) Central Rules
ISO 9001-2000
After that I have interviewed with the workers from the construction site and examined the
worksite carefully. I have also interviewed managers, supervisors to get an idea about the
health and safety exercises at the site. They all gave me the feedback for my interview.
All these helped me find out the common hazards and current control in the worksite and
the hazards which are ignored in the visual examination of the construction site. Also I
have reviewed the current control measures implemented in the worksite and evaluated
the intended outcome by inspecting the site meticulously.
Aside from these actions, I have referred the records and documents in the site. The
records include legal data, accident incident log, first – aid records, audit reports, training
data, staff turnover, PTW’s, machine maintenance log, absentee record etc. After
completing the site inspection, referring of the documents and the legal guide lines, I
Learner number:
Learner name:
Page 2 of 20
came to a conclusion that there are drawbacks in the existing control measures. I have
decided to propose further control measures to control the hazards in the construction
site by referring various conventions, recommendation and Code of Practise like C 167Safety and Health in Construction Convention 1988.
Learner number:
Learner name:
Page 3 of 20
Part 2: Risk Assessment
Organisation name:
Date of assessment:
Scope of risk assessment:
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
1.Work at Height
Working on
scaffoldings
without mid-rails
and toe boards in
the construction
areas.
Workers on the scaffold
and people nearby
Workers falling from
scaffolding due to
inattention which can
lead to injuries like
fractures, spinal injuries,
fracture of lower limbs,
fracture of legs and the
ankle joint. It may even
lead to death or
permanent disability.

Well maintained
scaffolding is provided
with a rigid base

Install the scaffolding with toe
boards and mid- rails for better
safety.
1 Month
Site Supervisor

Guard rails are fitted in
the scaffolding

Construct the scaffolding over
mud sills and fix cross bracing for
increased stability.
4 Weeks
Site Supervisor

Workers are trained and
are competent to work at
height.

Unauthorised entry, should be
prevented by installing barrication
around the scaffolding.
1 Week
Site Supervisor
Safety shoes, gloves and
hardhats are given to the
workers.

Sign boards must be erected
around the scaffolding to provide
proper information.
1 Week
Site Supervisor

A permit to work should be
enforced and obtained before
performing any activities near the
scaffolding to avoid any conflicts
and proper inspections.
1 Week

Fall of materials from
height may also cause
injuries to people
underneath or nearby
Learner number:
Learner name:
Page 4 of 20
Safety Officer
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
2. Movement of
people and
vehicle.
Employees,
visitors and
vehicles moving
in the same
path.
All the people at the
worksite.
Vehicles can collide with
workers or other people
moving in the same path.
The collision of heavy
load vehicles with people
may lead to sprains,
bruising, fractures and
damage to muscles and
ligaments. The injuries
can lead to long term
disability or fatality.



3. Load
Handling
equipment.
Use of tower
crane to move
large
Learner number:
People within the range of
the crane.
Different entry and
exit gates are used
for the vehicles
entering the
construction site to
ensure safe
movement.

Design separate paths for all
vehicles and people inside the
construction site and erect
barricades to avoid collision
between them.
1 Month
Site Supervisor

Erect proper sign boards giving
directions to the drivers inside the
separate path.
1 Month
Site Supervisor
The speed is limited
to 5km/hour inside
the construction site
for every vehicle.

Erect traffic convex mirrors at
sharp turns to get a better
visibility.
2 Weeks
Site Supervisor

Install reverse sirens in load
vehicles to signal the people
nearby.
1 Week
Site Supervisor

Ensure banksman is present

Assign an experienced
rigging supervisor to
observe the crane
operations.
3 Weeks
Site Manager
Only experienced and
competent drivers are
selected for the job.

Vehicles are properly
maintained and timely
service is carried out.

Unauthorized entry of the
workers to the range of
crane is prohibited by
erecting fence.
Absence of an experienced
and competent rigging
supervisor and no real time
communication between
Learner name:
Page 5 of 20
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
construction
materials like C
channels,
concrete blocks,
glass panels in
the construction
site.
operator and other workers
may lead to accidents.
Working with cranes poses
many risks and unsafe
working practices can result
in injuries, deaths and costly
damage to infrastructure
and materials. The falling of
materials from the crane will
lead to disabilities and
serious damage to
infrastructure.
4. Manual
Handling
Manual handling
workers.
Workers shifting
materials within
the construction
site, loading and
unloading.
Workers will get weak
due to shifting of heavy
load or will get injured
due to work associated
sprain, muscle damage,
limb disorders, nervous
damage and
musculoskeletal
disorders. Some other
injuries include back pain,
soft-tissue injuries to
wrists, arms, shoulders,
Learner number:

Provided sign boards in
the crane operating areas
with proper direction.

Only experienced and
competent operators are
selected.

Preventive maintenance
is carried out regularly.

Sufficient lighting and
proper weather conditions
are ensured before
operating the crane.

Mechanical lifting
aids like Forklift and
Cranes are arranged.

Manual handling aids
such as trolleys and
wheel barrows are
provided.

Learner name:
Daily inspection on
housekeeping is
carried out, so that to
make sure the
passage is clean and
unblocked.

Purchase and enforce the
use of radio walkie-talkies
for proper communication
between operators and
other workers.
1 Month
Purchase
Manager

Give proper rest time to
reduce the physical and
mental fatigue of the crane
operators.
1 Week
Site
Supervisor

An inspection over all lifting
gears and other parts of the
crane must be carried out.
2 Weeks
Safety Officer

Ensure that all manual handling
workers qualified and physically
fit to perform the task.
1 Week
Site Supervisor

Carry out routine inspection for
load handling machines like
cranes and forklift and also
manual handling aids.
2 Weeks
Safety Officer
1 Week
Site Supervisor

Allow proper breaks at regular
intervals of time for manual
handling workers.
Page 6 of 20
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
neck or legs, hernias,
chronic pain etc.
5. Fire
Welding, cutting,
hot bar bending
and other hot
work activity
nearby
combustible
materials.
Learner number:
Workers who handle
hot works and nearby
workers.
Welding and other hot
work operations produce
smoke and spark. Mostly,
the sparks will be causing
miniature explosions,
causing droplets of
molten and slag to be
thrown off to considerable
distances from their point
of origin. This will lead to
fire and burn injuries. It

Ample lighting is
arranged where
manual handling
activities are carried
out.

All workers are
trained to use such
manual handling aids
safely and efficiently.

Supervision is
ensured for manual
handling jobs.

Emergency fire exits are
provided at the
construction site.

Good quality fire
extinguishers are
provided at the site.

First aid trained welders
and hot workers are
assigned for the jobs.

Implemented the use of
welding shield while hot
work activities are taking
place.
Learner name:

Outsource the welding
works to a specialised third
party agency.
2 Weeks
Site Manager

Erect a non-combustible
flame proof screen for
shielding the area where
hot works are taking place.
4 Weeks
Site
Supervisor
Implement permit to work
(PTW) system for hot
works.
1 Week
Site Manager
1 Week
Safety
Officer

Page 7 of 20
Safety
Officer
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
will affect muscles,
bones, nerves and blood
vessels. The respiratory
system will be damaged,
with possible airway
obstruction, respiratory
failure and asphyxiation.
The damage to
infrastructure will also be
there.
6. Confined
Space
Workers who enter the
confined space.
Workers entering
inside unmanned
manhole for
maintenance
work.
Workers who enters the
manhole have chances of
getting cuts and sprains
from tripping over a
damaged manhole cover,
fractures from falling into a
manhole, trauma from
impact to the head, infection
from contact with
contaminated waste water.
Unmanned open manhole
cold raise dangers to the
workers in certain
situations. Especially if
another worker is careless.
Learner number:






Learner name:
The place where welding
works are carried out is
well ventilated.
PPEs such as welding
helmets and fire resistant
clothing is made available
for hot work handlers
Permit to work (PTW) is
implemented in the
construction site, still
workers are not following
properly.
Proper lighting is provided
inside the confined space.
Gas monitoring tests are
carried out before
entering the confined
space.
PPEs such as respirators
and gloves are made
available for the workers.


Ensure ample lighting at the
hot work area.
Firefighting equipment must
be inspected at regular
intervals by a competent
inspector.

PPEs such as respirators,
safety gloves and boots
must be arranged.

Erect metal barricades to secure
the open manhole area.
Provide proper warning sign
boards during confined space
work.
Procure a ventilating blower to
supply fresh air into the manhole
to ensure safe condition inside
manhole.
Assign an experienced hole
watcher to supervisor the
confined space work.
Make sure enough people is
available outside to carry out a
rescue operation inside the
manhole.




Page 8 of 20
1 Week
Purchase
Manager
4 Weeks
3 Weeks
Site Supervisor
Site Supervisor
1 Week
1 Month
Purchase
Manager
3 Weeks
Site Manager
1 Week
Site Supervisor
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
7. Slip and trip.
Water
accumulated on
the floor from leak
in storage tanks,
pipes and spillage
while carrying
water in buckets
for other use.
All people in the
construction site.

There are chances of
workers slipping and falling
in the water on the floor. It
may lead to injuries like
head injuries, concussion
fractures and broken bones
(especially to wrists, hands,
knees and ankles) bodily
bruising and soft tissue
damage. It may even lead
to paralysis in rare cases.

A good housekeeping
team is maintained at the
construction site.
Safety gear such as
helmets and boots are
provided at the site.

Procure new industrial standard
plastic tanks for storing water.
1 Month
Purchase
Manager

Change the damaged taps and
leaking pipes with new ones.
Ban the use of buckets to carry
water for long distance rather
implement the use of hoses.
3 Weeks
Site Supervisor
1 Week
Safety Officer
1 Week
Site Supervisor
2 Weeks
Site Supervisor
4 Weeks
2 Weeks
Site Manager
Safety Officer
1 Week
Site Supervisor
4 Weeks
Safety Officer
1 Week
Site Supervisor




8. Noise
Enormous noise
produced from
power tools which
are poorly
maintained.
Learner number:
Operators and workers
nearby.
Enormous noise levels over
a long time will damage the
hearing. This will occur so
gradually and painlessly
that the worker will not
notice the minor
deterioration from one day
to the next. Excessive noise
in the workplace have a risk
of hearing damage and
other health problems like
head ache, elevated blood
pressure, NIHL(Noise
Induced Hearing Loss).

The noisy machines are
operated early or late in
the day when fewer
people will be exposed to
the sound.

The noise generating
machines are operated in
a remote isolated area.

Safety gear such as ear
plug is available in the
store and its use is
enforced.
Learner name:
Fix sign boards for displaying wet
floor.
Provide proper lighting at the
worksite.
Assign more housekeeping staffs
and keep the floor always dry.

The supervisor must be trained to
operate the Sound Level Meter(
SLM)

Implement job rotation to all
operators in such a way that all of
them are exposed only to the
daily exposure limit.

Company’s purchase policy must
be reviewed so that to make sure
no more noisier equipment is
bought.
Page 9 of 20
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
9. Electricity
Extension codes
used for operating
the power tools
are not well
insulated.
Inspect all noise generating
equipment by a competent
inspector.
Operators and workers near
the wired machines.

Wiring is fitted with RCD
for extra safety.

Buy battery powered drilling and
cutting machines.
1 Month
Purchase
Manager
Chances of direct electric
shock from the exposed
wires or electrocution from
damaged plugs is high.
There is also chances of
ventricular fibrillation. It will
lead to death due to cardiac
arrest if the voltage is high
enough. Sparks from
electrical equipment can
serve as an ignition source
for flammable or explosive
vapours in addition to the
electrical shock hazards.

Training is given to all
workers in electrical
safety during induction
training.

Erect sign boards to uphold
electrical safety among
employees.
2 Weeks
Site Supervisor

Ensure pre-user check-up for
power tools in the construction
site.
1 Week
Safety Officer

Train the operators about the
specific machine he is going to
operate.
3 Weeks
Safety Officer

Find and label the circuit breakers
correctly to cut off the current in
emergency.
1 Week
Site Supervisor

Provide PPEs like safety gloves
and boots for the workers.
4 Weeks
Purchase
Manager

Fit chip breakers on the tools to
avoid chip ejection.
2 Weeks
Site Supervisor

Implement the operation of
machines fitted with self-adjusting
guards.
4 Weeks
Site Supervisor



10. Work
Equipment.
Operators and nearby
employees.
Moving and
rotating parts in
cutting machine,
drilling machine,
There are chances of cut
injury if the body of an
operator touches the
moving parts of the power
Learner number:


Learner name:
Regular inspection of the
electrical machines with a
checklist is carried out.
Plugs and sockets are
safe and industrial
standard.
Rotating parts of the tools
are guarded with fixed
guards when operating.
User manual is provided
to the workers to get an
Page 10 of 20
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
jack hammer and
ejected chips from
the work piece.
tool accidently like rotating
wheel of the cutting
machine. Moving tools can
cause wounds in many
ways. Sharp edges can
cause cuts or severing
injuries, sharp-pointed parts
can cause stabbing or
puncture injuries. Hot chips
ejected from the work piece
may touch the nearby
workers and will lead to
injuries.
idea about the tools they
operate.




11. Vibration
Machine operators
Workers
operating power
tools like jack
hammer, drills,
cutting machines
etc
Long-time use of vibrating
tools may cause vibration
induced health conditions
like VWF (vibration-induced
white finger), changes in
tendons, muscles, bones
and joints and can affect the
nervous system also. They
also exhibits symptoms like
loss of touch, tingling, loss
of sensation and grip
strength
Learner number:


Learner name:
Power tool activities are
carried out under strict
supervision.
Only experienced
competent employees are
allowed to operate the
power tools.
PPEs such as safety
gloves, googles and boots
are provided.
Job rotation is
implemented to cut down
the exposure to vibration
hazard for the operators.
The workers are well
trained in the induction
training about the
vibration hazard.
Workers are given PPE
like safety gloves to
minimise the effects of
vibration.
1 Week
Safety Officer
2 Weeks
Purchase
Manager
2 Weeks
Safety Officer
For vibration damping pads under
the work bench to curtail the
vibration.
2 Weeks
Site Supervisor

Purchase anti-vibration tools
having low vibration.
1 Month
Purchase
Manager

Avoid the operation of power
tools whenever possible.
1 Week
Site Supervisor

Properly cut tool bits must be
used in the power tools.
1 Week
Shop
Supervisor

Provide the workers with safety
boots and make sure it is worn
during the work.
2 Weeks
Purchase
Manager

Enforce regular inspection and
maintenance for machineries.

Provide PPEs like ear plugs, for
machine operators.

Train the workers on the safe
practices for power tools.

Page 11 of 20
Hazard
category and
hazard
Who might be harmed
and how?
What are you already doing?
What further controls/actions are
required?
Note – Company Controls
Note- My Controls
Timescales for
further actions
to be
completed
Responsible
person’s job
title
(within …)
12. Health,
welfare and work
environment.
Workers exposed
to heavy sunlight
when working in
unroofed areas.
Learner number:
Sunlight exposed workers
Unprotected exposure to
the sun’s ultra violet (UV)
rays can cause damage to
the skin, eyes and immune
system. It can also cause
cancer. Long-time exposure
to sunrays causes aging,
wrinkling and loss of
elasticity. It may also cause
sun burns, dehydration

Drinking water facilities
are provided in the
construction site.

Noon breaks are
mandatory to avoid heavy
sunlight.
Job rotation is
implemented to cut down
the exposure.
Awareness is provided to
workers exposed to
sunlight.


Learner name:

Construct a shelter area where
workers could rest at noon.
2 Months
Site Manager

Provide cool drinking water facility
and washing area for the workers
near the rest area.
3 Weeks
Site Manager

Training in first aid must be given
to selected workers from sunlight
exposed employees.
1 Week
Safety Officer

Schedule works in the unroofed
areas in the morning of in the
evening hours when the sunlight
is low.
1 Week
Site Supervisor

Assign only physically fit workers
to carry out the job.
1 Week
Site Manager

Provide suitable PPEs such as
safety glasses, helmets equipped
with neck shades.
2 Weeks
Purchase
Manager
Page 12 of 20
Part 3: Prioritise 3 actions with justification for the selection
Suggested word counts
Moral, general legal and financial arguments for all actions: 300 to 350 words
For EACH action:
Specific legal arguments: 100 to 150 words
Likelihood AND severity: 75 to 150 words
How effective the action is likely to be in controlling the risk: 100 to 150 words
Moral, general legal and financial arguments for ALL actions
Moral, general legal and financial
arguments
MORAL
The company has a moral duty to ensure the health and safety of its workers in the construction site. Workers
in a company rely on the organisation for their livelihood. If an accident occur and a worker gets injured or
suffering from ill health to an extend where he is incapable of working. It will negatively affect his dependants
such as family and friends. This cannot be rationalised morally. If an accident happen as a result of the noncompliance of the company in health and safety measures, the morale of the workers will be deteriorating and
it will also affect the reputation and productivity of the company negatively. Every worker has a right to work in
safe work environment. The company has a moral responsibility to provide a safe and healthy work
environment for their employees.
Legal
Maintaining a good standard of Health and Safety to prevent accidents and occupational illness is also a legal
duty of the company in addition to the moral duty. It is the legal responsibility of the company to take all
appropriate safety measures to ensure that work environment is safe. The company’s health and safety policy
formulated in the framework of recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Violation of
legal guidelines such as 11 – Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981, R 164 – Occupational
Safety and Health Recommendation, 1981 may lead to accidents and that follows with investigation from the
enforcement agencies. The resulting prosecution could lead to fines and enforcement actions by authorities.
Subsequent enforcement action can affect the stability of the company negatively. Failing to provide a safe
work environment will be leading accidents and in turn disciplinary actions from enforcement authorities. All
these legal consequences by enforcement agency can be prevented by implementing all actions given in the
Part 2 of this report at the site.
Learner number:
Learner name:
Page 13 of 20
FINANCIAL
The financial costs could b divided into two as direct costs and indirect costs. In the site, there are many
chances of accidents such as fall from height, vehicle collision, crane collapse etc. Direct costs are easily
computable. Some examples are workers compensation, equipment damage, tools damage, plant properties
damage and other medical costs to mitigate health issues due to the accident. Almost all of it are covered
under insurance. Indirect costs are the uninsured costs related to an accident and they are complicated.
Indirect costs are always higher compared to direct costs. Some examples of indirect costs are loss of new
projects, lost production time, decrease in morale of employees and lower efficiency, loss of company’s
reputation etc. By carrying out further control measures as I recommended, the company could prevent
accidents and these financial loss could be converted into financial profit of the organisation.
Justification for action 1
Action
Install the scaffold with toe board and mid- rails for better safety. ( Hazard Category: Work at
height)
Specific legal arguments
It is the legal duty of the employer to equip the scaffolding with toe boards and mid- rails as per
Article 14, SCAFFOLDS AND LADDERS OF C167. It says that safety and health in construction
convention, 1988 (No 167), which says, where work cannot safely be done on or from the ground or
from part of a building or other permanent structures and safe and suitable scaffold shall be
provided and maintained or other equally safe and suitable provision shall be made and all
scaffolds shall be constructed and used in accordance with national laws and regulations.
Protecting the workers who are working at height and implementing suitable steps to mitigate these
risks belongs to the company’s legal duties. Infringement of this control measure will be leading to
serious enforcement actions by the authorities. It is the legal responsibility of the company to carry
out all control measures to ensure that work environment is safe. Failure to provide a safe work
environment will lead to accidents and it will attract prosecution from the enforcement authority.
Consideration of likelihood AND severity
Categorization of likelihood is low, medium, high and very high.
Low – unlikely to happen
Medium – likely to happen
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High – often will happen



types of injury or ill health
number of workers at risk
how often the activity is carried
out

how widespread the risk is
Very High –definitely will happen
Here, in our work site, we are using more than 6-7 scaffoldings and about 20% of the whole
workforce is working on the scaffolding every day. Activities like painting, plastering etc could not be
avoided. If the scaffold is not equipped with toe boards and mid- rails, the chances of material and
worker falling from height will be high. The Likelihood of the risk is High in this situation.
The severity is divided into:
Low: no injury
Medium: small injury requiring first aid
High: injury requiring hospital treatment
Very high: death
The falling worker from height may hit another employee or objects on the floor. The mean height of
the scaffold is above 7 m in our construction site. If the height of the scaffold increases, the severity
of the injury also increases. The falls from height may cause broken bones, fractured skulls or even
death. The Severity is Very High in this case here.
The risk is confined to the scaffolding area and will only affect workers in this area.
How effective the action is likely to be in
controlling the risk. This should include:
 the intended impact of the action;
 justification for the timescale that you
indicated in your risk assessment;
and
 whether you think the action will fully
control the risk.
Equipping the scaffold with mid rails and toe boards is a good action to reduce the work at height
hazard. Toe boards are used to avoid workers and materials from falling. Extra safety for the
workers is arranged through the installation of mid- rails in the scaffold. Safety guard rails stops
accidental fall of the workers from the scaffold platform.
I have allowed a time scale of 1 month to implement this task. To find an industrial standard product
and equipping the scaffold with that toe board and mid- rails. I think it is enough time for
implementing all these steps successfully. By installing mid-rails and toe- boards, the safety of the
workers is increased and risk associated with it will decrease.
After equipping the scaffold with toe-board and mid-rails, the likelihood of workers falling from
height will decrease. This control measure alone won’t be able to control the risk fully. But if all
other measures (e.g arrangements for regular inspection, barricading the surrounding) are
implemented and workers tread carefully, this risk could be controlled fully.
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Justification for action 2
Action
Design separate paths for all vehicles and people inside the construction site and erect barricades
to avoid collision between them. ( Hazard Category: Movement of people and vehicle)
Specific legal arguments
Designing separate paths for all vehicles and people and erecting barricades inside the
construction site to avoid collision between them is a legal duty of the organization according to
article 16, C167- Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988(No. 167) explains that, traffic
shall be so organised and controlled as to secure their safe operation on all construction sites on
which vehicles, earth- moving or materials- handling equipment are used.
Protecting the workers from the risks of vehicle collision by implementing these control measures
belongs to the employer’s legal duties. Non- implementation of this measure will lead to accidents
and thus by legal actions from authorities.
Consideration of likelihood AND severity



types of injury or ill health
number of workers at risk
how often the activity is carried
out

how widespread the
risk is
Please look “Justification 1” for the categories of likelihood. In our construction site, there are more
than 50 vehicles entering and leaving in a day on an average. Some of them are load trucks, pickups, forklift trucks, ready mix concrete trucks, excavators, visitor’s cars and bikes. A large number
of workers are walking in the construction site all the time. Likelihood of vehicle collision with a
worker is High since there is no separate path for people and vehicles. It is clear that chances of
vehicle collision is high.
Please look into “ Justification 1 “ for categories of Severity
If vehicle collision happens, the severity depends on the speed and the size of the vehicle. The
maximum speed limit of the vehicle inside the construction site is 5km/Hr. If the vehicle is heavy
and the speed is high enough, then it may lead to serious injuries like sprains, strains, bruising and
other damage to muscles, fractures or even death. Here the Severity is High. Both likelihood and
severity are high in this situation.
The risk is confined to this work site.
How effective the action is likely to be in
controlling the risk. This should include:
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We could not avoid the movement of vehicles in a construction site. Also workers have to
constantly move from one place to another within the worksite. The movement of the vehicles are
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 the intended impact of the action;
 justification for the timescale that you
indicated in your risk assessment;
and
 whether you think the action will fully
control the risk.
high in our site. The risk of vehicle collision with other vehicles and workers is also high. By
implementing this control measure (separate paths for vehicles and people and barricading), this
risk could be reduced to a certain extend.
I have allowed 1 month time for completing this task. Approval from the higher authorities, fund
allocation, pathway design, barricade erection, all these will take around 1 month to be completed. I
believe this is enough time for this task.
After implementing this control measure, the likelihood of the vehicle collision will be reduced
drastically. Also the risk is reduced by strictly enforcing the speed limit. By enforcing separate paths
and erecting barricades, the risk associated can be eliminated to a great extent. But these control
measures alone won’t be able to fully avoid the risk. That is why we have to implement all other
tasks like erecting signs and appointing banks man along with this one.
Justification for action 3
Action
Assign an experienced rigging supervisor to observe the crane operations.( Hazard Category: Load
Handling equipment)
Specific legal arguments
It is the legal duty of the employer to assign an experienced rigging supervisor to observe the crane
operations as per article 16 of C167 – Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988, it says
that every lifting appliances and item of lifting gear, including their constituent elements,
attachments, anchorages and supports, shall be operated and supervised by workers who have
received appropriate training in accordance with national laws and regulations.
If an accident is happened because of not following the above mentioned control measure in the
construction site, it may lead to enforcement actions due to failure of fulfilment of above mentioned
duties of the company to provide a safe environment for its employees. It is the legal duty of the
organization to implement these control measures.
Consideration of likelihood AND severity
In our construction site, many heavy materials like steel channels, concrete blocks, huge glass
panels etc are moved to different floors and sections using this crane. Crane is used almost every
day for 4 to 5 hours and number of workers in the crane’s range is high. Here, the Likelihood of the
hazard is High. Without an experienced rigging supervisor and proper communication, chances of
accidents are high.
The severity is divided into:
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Low: no injury



types of injury or ill health
number of workers at risk
how often the activity is carried
out

how widespread the
risk is
Medium: small injury requiring first aid
High: injury requiring hospital treatment
Very high: death
If heavy blocks of concrete or steel channels falls from the crane or hit the walls or other
employees, the result will be serious injuries to workers like disability, fatality and damages to the
infrastructure. And in case of the infrastructure, irreparable damage may happen. Here the Severity
will be Very High. In total the likelihood and severity here are very high.
The risk is confined to the lifting locations and will affect the workers only in this area.
How effective the action is likely to be in
controlling the risk. This should include:
 the intended impact of the action;
 justification for the timescale that you
indicated in your risk assessment;
and
 whether you think the action will fully
control the risk.
By assigning a competent rigging supervisor and ensuring proper communication for the crane
operations, the risk associated with this will be reducing. This will enable the operator to operate the
crane efficiently and safely. Supervisor could control the material shifting seamlessly. The control
measure will be reducing the risk.
I have allowed 3 weeks to compassing an experienced rigging supervisor. I believe this is enough
time to advertise the vacancy, interview the candidates and finally appoint a suitable person as
supervisor. Proper induction training must be given. This task could be completed easily in this
three weeks.
By assigning a rigging supervisor, we could control the risk up to an extent. But this control
measure alone won’t be controlling the risk fully. Along with this control measure, we have to
implement remaining measures to control the risk fully such as provision of walkie talkie to enable
strong communication and regular inspection over the lifting gears.
Part 4: Review, communicate and check
Suggested word counts for each section:
 Planned review date or period and reasoning for this: 50 - 100 words
 How the risk assessment findings will be communicated and who needs to know the information: 100 - 150 words
 Follow up on the risk assessment: 100 - 150 words.
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As per the company’s health and safety policy and laws, every risk assessment must be reviewed
after one year. So I selected the next review date for risk assessment to be on 01/10/2022. This risk
assessment could be reviewed prior to this date if any of the below listed incidents occur.
Planned review date/period with
reasoning





How the risk assessment findings will be
communicated AND who you need to tell
How you will follow up on the risk
assessment to check that the actions
have been carried out
Changes in the key personal involved in the project.
Huge change in job process.
New heavy machines are purchased.
In case of any accident.
Increased complaints from employees.
I will be conducting a meeting after the risk assessment completion with all the parties involved in
this such as management, managers, supervisors, contractors, sub-contractors and the
representatives from the workers to explain the findings of the risk assessment. I will also make
clear the necessity of urgent implementation of the three actions I have noted in the risk
assessment. Then, I will explain the moral, financial and legal duties concerning the application of
these three actions. I will also share the statutes and recommendations related to those control
measures and try to make the company implement them by point outing the effective
implementation of those control measures could make profit to the organization by preventing
enforcement actions and fines.
By contacting the site supervisor, I will make arrangements to explain the risk assessment reports
with the workers and I will also take steps to publish the report in the company’s web page. Also the
arrangements to put the risk assessment report in the notice board will be taken.
I believe all persons responsible for each task would complete the task before the deadlines.
However, as a risk assessor, I will be setting a reminder to check the progress of implementation of
the tasks.
Each responsible person must send me the progress report of the tasks 3 days prior to its deadline.
If any control measure is overdue, I will request the cause behind that and will make arrangements
to complete the tasks as early as possible. If these tasks need extra resources in terms of money, I
will contact the management to make that available. And I am planning to visit the site after 2
months, to check the after effect of the implementation of control measures. If I could find any
control measure is not enforced at the time of my visit, I will be reporting this to the management
and urge them to take disciplinary actions against the people who are responsible for those tasks.
Also I will be sending application letters to the employees who completed their responsibilities in
time to boost their morale.
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