CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is an accepted
skills program which forms part of the approved academic standards in the degree
program for Nigerian Universities. In 1974, the Federal Government of Nigeria
introduced the national policy on Industrial training, called the Students, Industrial
Work Experience Scheme (SIWES). This program me is under the umbrella of the
Ministry of Education through the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), was designed to
help students acquire the necessary practical education/experience in their fields of
study and other related professions.
This is an effort which was created in order to bridge the existing gap between
the theory taught in the classroom and practice of science, agriculture, medicine,
engineering, technology and other professional program in the Nigerian tertiary
institutions. This program is aimed at exposing the students to the use of various
machines and equipment’s, professional work methods and ways of safeguarding
the work areas in industries as well as other organizations and parastatals. The
program was established basically to impact elaborate practical understanding to
students with respect to their various disciplines. It is also intended that the student
through a process of relation to academic knowledge and practical industrial
application would understand the underlying principles and become better focused
and acquire the practical applications towards excellence in his or her discipline.
The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) program
involves the student, the Universities and the industries. This training is funded by
the Federal Government of Nigeria and jointly coordinated by the Industrial Training
Fund (ITF) and the National Universities Commission (NUC).
Advantages of Industrial training or Importance of Industrial Training
1
Industrial training is mandatory to bridge the gap in the academic curriculum and in
the industry. This will help the students develop skills and competencies they require
to become employable. This has been a practice in most of the Western countries.
So, when they are fresh out of the college, while joining the company they just have
to learn the process followed in the company.
It provides an opportunity for students to apply theoretical knowledge acquired
in the classroom with practical application of knowledge required to perform a task.
In the case of IT industry, the industrial training will also teach them how the
environment will be when they go to work. It gives the students a feel of how their
work environment will be when they join the company. Industrial training also gives
the students exposure to students on the tools used in the industry. None of the
advanced tools used in the industry are part of curriculum. This will make students
understand what their value addition is and what value students can give to the
industry. The industrial training process will make the students job ready faster. In
the case of Knowledge Industry, the candidates must have problem solving skills.
The students will get hands on how the business problems are solved by the company
and how they get paid. Industrial training will also enhance the personal skills
including presentation skills. Industrial training will fasten the process of
transformation from a student to employee. If the student is really smart, the
company may give an offer letter to the students. It also helps the students to connect
between what they are doing in the college and what is there in the industry.
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
The program of SIWES are designed to achieve the following objectives:
 Provision of avenue for students to acquire industrial skills and experience
during their course of study
 To prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after
graduation
2
 To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment
and machineries that they may not be available in the universities
 To make the transition from the university to the world of work easier and
thus enhance students contacts for later job placement.
 To provide students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge
in real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.
1.2 Nature and Scope of Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES)
Practical knowledge relates to doing. According to Ochiagha (1995) practical
knowledge is learning without which mastery of an area of knowledge may be too
difficult to achieve. Practical knowledge involves developing skills through the use
of tools or equipment to perform tasks that are related to a field of study.
No society can achieve meaningful progress without encouraging its youth to
acquire necessary practical skills. Such skills enable them to harness available
resources to meet the needs of society. It was against this background that SIWES,
otherwise referred to as Industrial Training (IT), was introduced in Nigerian tertiary
institutions.
3
CHAPTER TW0
2.0 DAILY REPORTS
2.0.1 week1- week3 report:
 Introduction of the industrial training officers and the student of industrial
training.
 Introduction to the book of accounting in finance department, such book like
ledger cash book, vouchers.
 Explanation on the cash book and sides of the cash book which include the
debit side and credit side.
2.0.2 week4- week6 report:
 I learnt the vouches like payment vouches from (46) local government
treasuring form 46 and other like local government treasuring form 45 other
charges.
 Working with some book of account in the department such as ledger, one of
the ledgers that are the revenue ledgers.
 Working with the expenditure ledger which has head and sub-head.
 Using the cash book to post the incoming revenue and expenditure it has a
credit side and the debit side.
 Preparation of the salary vouches which is L.G.T from 46, preparation of the
deduction from the salary like page and nudge or m/h deduction and the
preparation of other charges form for the beneficiary.
2.0.3 week7- week9 report:
 I learnt one branch of the ledger which is called departmental votee account
 I learnt about the capital ledgers which is one of the important ledger in the
department where all the money for capital project like contract are
4
recorded.
 Lecture on overhead cost which means the money voted for the local
government on other things like nepa bill, water bill, and auxiliary staff.
2.0.4 week10- week12 report:
 Lecture and identification of the local government store where valuable
material is kept.
 I work in revenue unit under finance department where the staff collect
money called revenue from the market.
 Lectured on what is the local government bank re-conciliation statement
voucher.
2.0.5 Week13 report:
 Brief lectured on estimate which deals with the way the local government
calculate how they will spend the capital for the whole year.
 Lectured on what is local government budget and how budget is been
calculated.
5
CHAPER THREE
EXPERIENCE GAINED
3.0 VOUCHERS
A voucher is an accounting document representing an internal intent to make a
payment to an external entity, such as a vendor or service provider. A voucher is
produced usually after receiving a vendor invoice, after the invoice is successfully
matched to a purchase order. A voucher will contain detailed information regarding
the payee, the monetary amount of the payment, a description of the transaction, and
more. In accounts payable systems, a process called a "payment run" is executed to
generate payments corresponding to the unpaid vouchers. These payments can then be
released or held at the discretion of an accounts payable supervisor or the
company controller.
PICTORIAL EXAMPLE
3.0 LEDGER
A ledger is a book or collection of accounts in which account transactions are
recorded.
The ledger is a permanent summary of all amounts entered in
supporting journals which list individual transactions by date. Every transaction
flow from a journal, to one or more ledgers. A company's financial statements are
generated from summary totals in the ledgers.
Ledgers include:
6

Sales ledger, records accounts receivable. This ledger consists of the financial
transactions made by customers to the company.

Purchase ledger records money spent for purchasing by the company.

General ledger representing the five main account types: assets, liabilities,
income, expenses, and capital.
For every debit recorded in a ledger, there must be a corresponding credit, so that
the debits equal the credits in the grand totals.
Types on the basis of purpose
The three types of ledgers are the general, debtors, and creditors. The general
ledger accumulates information from journals. Each month all journals are totaled
and posted to the General Ledger. The purpose of the General Ledger is therefore
to organize and summarize the individual transactions listed in all the journals. The
Debtors Ledger accumulates information from the sales journal. The purpose of the
Debtors Ledger is to provide knowledge about which customers owe money to the
business, and how much. The Creditors Ledger accumulates information from the
purchases journal. The purpose of the Creditors Ledger is to provide knowledge
about which suppliers the business owes money to, and how much.
PICTORIAL EXAMPLE
7
3.2 CASH BOK
Cash book is a special type of book that is only concerned with the recording of
cash transactions of an organization. It performs the dual role of both journal and a
ledger for all the cash transactions taking place in a business organization.
A cash book records all the cash receipts on the debit side and all the cash
payments of the organization on the credit side.
Features of Cash Book
Cash book has the following features:
1. Acts as both a journal and a ledger.
2. Can be used as an alternative to a cash account for recording transactions.
3. It follows the dual entry system of accounting (i,e. Debit and credit side in
cash book).
4. The debit side should be identical to the credit side.
5. Cash book should always have a debit balance.
Types of Cash Book
There are four types of cash books used for accounting purposes. Let us have a
look at the types of cash books.
1. Single column cash book
2. Double column cash book
3. Triple column cash book
4. Petty cash book
8
Single column cash book: Single column cash book is also called a simple cash
book. It presents entries for cash received (receipts) on the left side or debit side
and cash payments on the right-hand side or credit side.
Double Column cash book: In a double column cash book, there is an additional
column that is reserved for the discounts. Therefore, in a double-column cash
book, also known as two-column cash book, the cash receipts and transactions are
recorded in one column while the second column records discounts received and
discounts provided.
Triple column cash book: In a triple column cash book, the two columns are
similar to the double column cash book. While the additional column is for bank
transactions.
Petty cash book: Petty cash book, as the name suggests, is for very small
transactions that take place in an organization. Such transactions can occur in a day
and are repetitive in nature, which can put undue load on the general cash book.
For this reason, it is maintained separately.
Examples of such transactions are: stationery, postage, food bills, etc.
PICTORIAL EXAMPLE
9
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.0 CONCLUSION
My 3months industrial attachment as a junior administrator at Ofu local
government was a huge success and a great time of acquisition of knowledge and
skills. Through my training I was able to appreciate my chosen course of study
even more, because I had the opportunity to blend the theoretical knowledge
acquired from school with the practical hands-on application of knowledge gained
here to perform very important tasks that contributed in a way to my productivity
in the company. My training here has given me a broader view to the importance
and relevance of Business Administrator in the immediate society and the world as
a whole, as I now look forward to impacting it positively after graduation. I have
also been able to improve my communication and presentation skills and thereby
developed good relationship with my fellow colleagues at work. I have also been
able to appreciate the connection between my course of study and other disciplines
in producing a successful result.
4.2 RECOMMENDATION
I use this means to make the following recommendations concerning the training
of students in Industrial Attachments.
i. Allowances should be paid to students during their program just like NYSC and
not after. This would help them a great deal to handle some financial problems
during their training course.
ii. I would like to recommend that the management curriculum in the polytechnic
should be adjusted such as would provide going on industrial attachments for a
longer period of time as opposed to 4 months or making the program to last longer
for the period of 6 month during the ND program.
10