EXPERIMENT NO.04
AIM:- Demonstration of cooling system on I.C. Engines.
EQUIPMENT:- Model and cut section of Engines.
THEORY:
-
A
explosions per
cooling
system
is
minute inside the
4000
basically a four cylinder vehicle that completes its journey producing
vehicle.
the
to move
engine, when the spark plugs explode in each cylinder
These explosions produce a great amount of heat that needs to be controlled. If they are not controlled they
the job of the cooling
is
destroy the vehicle. The controlling of these temperatures primarily
of the 20 s.
moden cooling systems are more efficient and reliable than those cooling systems
will
system. The
Cooling System Work
On its
the ways which are located inside the engine_block.
in a V_
heads
(or
head
the cylinders. After that it goes up to the cylinder
through
The coolant flows from the water pump.
gathers the heat produced by
coolant makes its way
heat from the combustion chambers. Then the
type engine) where it collects the residual
there the coolant goes
to allow the fluid to pass. From
to the thermostat in case the thermostat is opened
is cooled by the
coolant
the core of the radiator. Inside there. the
flattened tubes that make
way if
through
air flow
up
the thin
through
the radiator From here
it
flows out of the radiator
by
the lower radiator
hose.
It then goes
reduced and it can gather n o r e heat
this stage the temperature of the coolant is
the engine. The cooling system for a bigger
from the engine. The capacity of a cooling system depends upon
with a comparatively much
will need high capacity than a compact car
and powerful engine in a heavy vehicle
with numerous tubes for the coolant to flow through.
In a bigger vehicle the radiator is bigger
smaller
back to the water
pump. After
engine.
Types of Cooling System
Air cooling system.
Water cooling system.
Air Cooling System
They
are
found mostly in older
cars
covered
stem where the engine block is
motorcycles, an ar-cooled sy
over these fins, which
air
forces
fan
A powerful
away fiom the cylinder.
and
the heat
in aluminum fins that conduct
the heat to the air
cools the engine by transfering
factors such as the total area of the fin surfaces,
reduced
by the air-cooling depends upon
The quantity of heat
of the fins and the temperature of the cooling
of the cooling ar and also the temperature
the velocity/amount
air
like motorcycles, scooters, small
fewer horsepower engines
cool the engine.
machine gives good velocity to
the forwad motion of the
car engines where
cars,
Air-cooling
also
is
offered in
mostly
used
in
compact industral
engines.
and small
air
Air-cooling is
Intake
Fins
manifolds
Exhaust
manifolds
-
(a)
Inlet
Exhaust
(a)
(b)
Fins
Root
Tip
-(0)
(a) Rectangular fin
(b) Trapezoidal fin
Cylinder
(c) Triangular fin
(1) Cvlindar nith arnt
Advantages of Air Cooling System
They are cheaper to manufacture, necd less care, and maintenance
simple
The design of an air-cooled engine is
They are lighter in weight than liquid-cooled engines due to the absence of water jackets, radiators,
circulating pumps, and the weight of the cooling water
This system of cooling is particularly advantagcous where there are extreme climatic conditions in the
arctie or where the evaporation factor of liquids is higher- deserts. Also. there is no risk of damage from
frosts, such as cracking of cylinder jackets or radiator water tubes.
Disadvantages of Air Cooling System
I n comparison with others, they are less efficient.
When these engines are used in cars, motorcycles or other vehicles. 1hey are exposed to air directly.
Water Cooling System
In the water cooling systems, there are jackets that are provided along the cylinders, cylinder heads, valves.
and seats. When the water circulates the jackets absorbs the heat of combustion. Then, the hot water will be
cooling the radiator with the help of a fan for the moving of a car. The cooled water will again circulate
thermostat (regulates flow of water)
pressure-release capP
pump (circulates water through
jacket to cool cylinders)
fan (draws in air
through radiator
to cool water)
airflow
drain cock
2 0 1 3 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
cylinders
overflow pipe
Advantages of Water Cooling System
The
constant
cooling
of
cylinders, cylinder heads, and valves.
The particular consumption of fuel through the engine.
The engine is less noisy compared to the air cooling system.
Disadvantages of Water Cooling Sy'stem
I t totally depends on the supply of water
The water pump during circulation absorbs
a
considerable
I1 is highly costly because of the number of parts.
parts.
Components of Cooling System in Engine
The main parts of a
Water Pump.
cooling system are explained
Radiator
Thermostat
Coolant Temperature Sensor (CTS)
Coolant (Antifreeze + Water)
Radiator cooling fans.
below
amount
of water.
Thus, it requires more maintenance and care for the
Heater core.
Hoses
Head gaskets and manifold gaskets.
Freeze plugs
Generally it is very rare that single antifreeze satisfies all the requirements. Following
antifreezes are used on a general basis-
) Methyl. ethyl and isopropyl alcohols
2) Mixture of alcohol and water
3) Ethylene Glycol
4) Mixture
of water and Ethylene Glycol
5) Mixture of glycerin with water
EXPERIMENT NO.
Engine cooling system: how it workS and main
Components
The engine in your
works best at
car
a
high
temperature. When the engi.. See more
AIR DUCTS INSIDE CAR
(aisoused for defroster & alc)
Doors inside ductwork direct air
tlow and blend heated, chilled
and outslde air.
HEATER
sUPPLY
HOSE
coOLANT
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
COOLANT
HEATER
CIRCULATES
CONTROL
UPPER
RADIATOR
THROUGH
VALVE
ENGINE
WATER
PUMP
HOSE
BYPASS
HOSE
THERMOSTAT
HOSE
LAMP
RADIATOR
TANK
RADIATCE
CORE
HEATER
cORE
BLbwER
MOTOR
FAN
HEATER
RETURN
HOSE
FREEZE-OUT
PLUGS
COOLANT
DRAIN PLuG
AUTOMATIC
Engine Cooling
System
TRANSMISsiON
PRESSURE
cOOLER LINES
CAP
LOWER
RADIATOR HOSE
FAN BELT
OVERFLOW
RECOVERY TANK
AND HOSE
AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION
FLUID COOLER