JAZZ The arrival of the jazz genre did not come overnight. It was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who migrated to America. As music is considered a therapeutic outlet for human feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate condition at that time. Since then, these melancholy beginnings have evolved into various more upbeat jazz forms which the world has adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles. Let us watch the video clips from the animated movie The Princess and the Frog.Listen to the background music. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=PU57tQ3CqAc&list=PLTTSgC4kQied9Noq8tmKaq2BXwmT56TvY &index=2 https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=HyoVyq0oiJQ&list=PLTTSgC4kQied9Noq8tmKaq2BXwmT56TvY &index=4 KINDS OF JAZZ RAGTIME * is an American popular musical style mainly for piano, originating in the AfroAmerican communities * Its style was said to be a modification of the “marching mode” made popular by John Philip Sousa, where the effect is generated by an internally syncopated melodic line pitted against a rhythmically straightforward bass line * Its music is written unlike jazz which is mainly improvised Jelly Roll Morton foremost exponents of ragtime who was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist and composed Frog I More Rag Scott Joplin - King of Ragtime * composed the popular Maple Leaf Rag, Solace, and The Entertainer Ragtime also influenced classical composers Erik Satie, Claude Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky, who injected ragtime rhythmic elements in their compositions BIG BAND * refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United States in the mid 1920’s closely associated with the Swing Era with jazz elements * Relying heavily on percussion (drums), wind, rhythm section (guitar, piano, double bass, vibes), and brass instruments (saxophones), with a lyrical string section (violins and other string instruments) to accompany a lyrical melody A standard big band 17-piece instrumentation consist of the ff. musical instruments percussion, brass, and woodwind instruments five saxophones (most often two altos, two tenors, and one baritone), four trumpets four trombones (often including one bass trombone) four-piece rhythm (composed of drums, acoustic or electric bass, piano, guitar) music originated in the United States and is associated with jazz and the swing Among the great big bands are: 1. Glenn Miller Orchestra ( A String of Pearls, Moonlight Serenade, In the Mood, American Patrol, and smoke Gets Into Your Eyes) 2. Count Basie Orchestra ( April in Paris) 3. Benny Goodman Orchestra (Sing, Sing, Sing) Solo singers collaborated with big bands are: 1.Cab Calloway (Minnie the Moocher) 3. Roy Eldridge 2. Doris Day (Stardust, I’m in the Mood for Love) BEBOP * or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which is characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation that emerged during World War II * The speed of the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted in a heavy performance where the instrumental sound became more tense and free Main exponents of Bepop * trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie * alto saxplayer Charlie Parker * drummers Max Roach and Roy Haynes * guitarist Charlie Christian * pianists Bud Powell and Thelonius Monk * trombonist JJ Johnson * tenor sax players Dexter Gordon and Sonny Rollins, who was also a composer JAZZ ROCK * is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz elements into rock music * A synonym for “jazz fusion,” jazz rock is a mix of funk and R&B (“rhythm and blues”) rhythms, where the music used amplification and electronic effects, complex time signatures, and extended instrumental compositions with lengthy improvisations in the jazz style Popular singer/songwriters who adopted the jazz rock style 1. Joni Mitchell 2. Tim Buckley 3. Van Morrison Some popular groups that emerged using the above music styles were the ff: Grateful Dead and Tears Cream Santana Blood, Sweat, Traffic Chicago Steely Day Lighthouse Zappa Soft Machine Hatfield and the North Frank POPULAR MUSIC * Popular music literally means “music of the populace,” similar to traditional folk music of the past. * developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be called) generally consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on radio or in live performances KINDS OF POP MUSIC BALLADS * originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically about love; Used by poets and composers since the 18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19th century. * word is derived both from the medieval French “chanson balladee” and “ballade” which refers to a dancing song Today, the term ballad now refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style, with the following characteristics: 1. Blues Ballads This is a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the 19th century that deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority. The form emphasizes the character of the performer more than the narrative content, and is accompanied by the banjo or guitar. 2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads This is a blues style built from a single. Some enduring pop standard and jazz ballads include The Man I Love (George Gershwin, above left), Always (Irving Berlin, above center), and In a Sentimental Mood (Duke Ellington, above right) 3. Pop and Rock Ballads A pop and rock ballad is an emotional love song with suggestions of folk music, this style is sometimes applied to strophic story-songs 1.Beatles’ composition “The Ballad of John and Yoko” 2.Billy Joel’s “The Ballad of Billy.”, 3. Don McLean’s “American Pie.” STANDARDS *is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular genre or style as those by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Rodgers and Hart * Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It also features highly singable melodies within the range and technical capacity of the everyday listener. Among the foremost proponents of this style are: 1. Frank Sinatra * also known as “Ol Blue Eyes,” “Chairman of the Board,” or “The Voice.” * His genre was categorized as traditional pop and jazz * He was a successful singer, actor, producer, director, and conductor * His hit singles include My Way and Strangers in the Night 2. Nat King Cole * Another well-loved standards singer was American balladeer * Although an accomplished pianist, he owes most of his popular musical fame to his soothing baritone voice, which he used to perform in big band, vocal jazz, swing, traditional pop, and jump blues genres. 3. Matt Monroe * was an English singer who became one of the most popular entertainers in the international music scene during the 1960s * Among his hit singles included 1. the James bond theme From Russia with Love 2. Born Free, which became his signature song 4. Softly as I Leave You 3. Portrait of My Love 5. Walk Away Other popular singers of standards were Perry Como Bing Crosby, Paul Anka Sammy Davis Jr. Doris Day Page Barbra Streisand ROCK AND ROLL Andy Williams Patti hugely popular song form in the United States during the late 1940’s to the 1950’s * It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the Western swing and country music * The lead instruments were the piano and saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instruments * In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric guitars (lead, rhythm), a string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided the rhythmic pattern * This form came during the age of technological change when electric guitars were supplemented by amplifiers and microphones to raise the volume * It derived its name from the mot of a sonhip on the ocean, “rock and roll.” The greatest exponent of the rock and roll style 1.Elvis Presley * His hit songs such as Heartbreak Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes were complemented by his good looks and elaborate movements that included hugging the microphone as he sang. * his style was the precursor of the British band known as The Beatles, whose compositions further boosted rock and roll as the favorite genre of the times. Examples of The Beatles’ songs in this genre I Saw Her Standing There Get Back, While My Guitar Gently Weeps Rock and Roll Music Ticket to Ride The Beatles’ John Lenon and Paul McCartney as Composers/Songwriters 1. John Lennon (1940-1980) * was an English musician, singer, performer, songwriter and cosongwriter * He was born and raised in Liverpool, England. He rose to worldwide fame as a founder member of the rock band The Beatles, which was considered as “the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music.” * formed as songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney, which is considered as “one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.” * Lennon’s hit compositions for the Beatles include Strawberry Fields Forever Help In My Life Rain Tomorrow Never Knows I am the Walrus Come Together Norwegian Road You’ve Got to Hide Your Love Away * When The Beatles disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a solo career * Among his solo top billboard hits include Imagine, Mind Games, Power to the People, Dream, Nobody Told Me, Watching the Wheels, Woman, Whatever Gets You Through the Night, and Instant Karma. * In 2002, according to a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons, John was voted in eighth place. * In 2008, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked him the “fifth-greatest singer of all time.” * He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987; and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice as a member of The Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1994 2. Sir James Paul McCartney (1942* is an English singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, co-writer, and composer * Paul gained worldwide popularity and fame as a member of The Beatles, which included John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr * Beatles was one of the most influential groups in the history of pop music. * The songwriting partnership with Lennon for the Beatles is one of the most celebrated of the 20th century. * It has been known that more than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, which is more than any other copyrighted song in history * McCartney was a two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Beatles *a 21-time Grammy Award winner having won both individually and with The Beatles * He has written or co-written 32 songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. *As of 2014, McCartney had sold more than “15.5 million RIAAcertified units” in the United States * His top hit compositions for The Beatles include: Hey Jude; Fool on the Hill; I’ll Follow the Sun; I Will; I Saw Her Standing There; All My Loving; Paperback Writer; Michelle; Eleanor Rigby; We Can Work It Out; And I Love Her; Here, There, and Everywhere; Penny Lane; and others. DISCO *The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known as “disco.” Disco music pertained to rock music that was more danceable, thus leading to the establishment of venues for public dancing also called discos * The term originated from the French word “discotheque” which means a library for phonograph records. * The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound rhythmically controlled by a steady beat (usually meter) for ease of dancing, and accompanied by strings, horns, electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers. Famous figures of the disco genre include ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of Disco”), The Bee Gees; Earth, Wind, and Fire; KC and the Sunshine Band; The Village People; and Gloria Gaynor, bringing us such hits as Dancing Queen, Stayin’ Alive, Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff. POP MUSIC * Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge * Among them were Neil Sedaka (Laughter in the Rain), Diana Ross and the Supremes (Stop in the Name of Love), Olivia Newton John (Hopelessly Devoted to You), Stevie Wonder (You Are the Sunshine of My Life), Elton John (Skyline Pigeon), The Carpenters (We’ve Only Just Begun), and Barry Manilow (Mandy). * Pop superstars in more recent years include solor artists Celine Dion (My Heart Will Go On), Madonna (Material Girl), Whitney Houston (I Will Always Love You), Mariah Carey (Hero), Justin Timberlake (Justified), Britney Spears (Oops, I Did It Again), Beyonce (Irreplaceable), Lady Gaga (Bad Romance), and Bruno Mars (Just The Way You Are); as well as vocal groups such as Boyz II Men (Four Seasons of Loneliness), The Backstreet Boys (I Want It That Way), N’Sync (This I Promise You), Destiny’s Child (Survivor), among many others. Michael Jackson, “The King of Pop” * Perhaps the most popular solo performer of all time is Michael Joseph Jackson who was born on August 29, 1958 and died on June 25, 2009 *He was an American recording artist, entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer, musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, and philanthropist. * The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as an entertainer in 1968 as a member of The Jackson 5 * He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group and was referred to as the "King of Pop" in subsequent years * Jackson's 1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all time, and four of his other solo studio albums are among the world's best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995). * In the early 1980s, he became a dominant figure in American popular music and culture. * He was the first African American entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on MTV * The popularity of his music videos airing on MTV, such as Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thriller—widely credited with transforming the music video from a promotional tool into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame Videos such as Black or White and Scream made Jackson an enduring staple on MTV in the 1990s * With stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the “robot” and the “moonwalk.” * Jackson donated and raised millions of dollars for beneficial causes through his “Heal the World Foundation,” charity singles, and support of 39 charities. * One of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, his other achievements include “Multiple Guinness World Records”—including one for "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time"—13 Grammy Awards, 13 number one singles in his solo career, and the sale of 750 million records worldwide. Jackson is one of the world’s most famous artists because of his highly successful career which made him a part of popular culture for nearly four decades. * At the time of his death, Jackson was preparing for “This Is It,” a series of 50 concerts that would have been held at The O2 arena in London beginning July 13, 2009, and a world tour to follow after the series of concerts. After Michael Jackson's death, Billboard's entire top nine positions on Billboard's Top Pop Catalog Albums chart housed Jackson related titles on July 1, 2009. Today’s Pop Music Idols As the 21st century continues to unfold, more and more pop groups emerge spanning an entire range of musical styles and genres. * There are music groups like Black Eyed Peas, K Pop (Korean), My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boys, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Souja Boy, Train, Maroon 5, and One Direction. While solo performers include Adele, Taylor Swift, Ed Sheeran, Rihanna, Chris Brown, Ariana Grande, Justin Beiber, Miley Cyrus, Katy Perry, Nikki Minaj, Selena Gomez, and others. HIP HOP AND RAP * Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that usually (but not always) includes portions of rhythmically chanted words called “rap.” In rapping, the artist speaks along with an instrumental or synthesized beat * Hip hop arose in the 1970s within the Afro-American and Latino youth in the Bronx area of New York City. But by the 1980s, it had spread to many other countries * It has since evolved into a subculture that encompasses music (rapping, DJing, scratching, and beat boxing); a nearly acrobatic style of dancing, called break dancing; a distinct manner of dress; and graffiti-style artwork. *Among the early hip hop artists were LL Cool J and Run-D.M.C * While more recent popular names in this genre have been Beastie Boys, Eminem, and Kanye West. ALTERNATIVE MUSIC *Alternative music was an underground independent form of music that arose in the 1980’s. * It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy “mainstream” rock music. * Thus, it was known for its unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitude * It was also characterized by high energy levels that bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86, , Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing. Examples of alternative music are You Belong with Me, Shake It Off. PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC The one word that comes to mind when we think of contemporary Philippine music is the type commonly termed as Original Pinoy Music or Original Philippine Music, or OPM for short. It was originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such as those popular after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late 1970s up until the present. In the 1960s to 1970s, NoraAunor, Pilita Corrales, Eddie Peregrina, VictorWood, Asin, APO Hiking Society, and others were highly popular OPM singers. In the 1970s to 1980s, themajor commercial Philippine popmusic artistswere Claire dela Fuente, Didith Reyes, Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Rey, Freddie Aguilar, Imelda Papin, Eva Eugenio, Nonoy Zuñiga, and many others. ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC (OPM) The 1980s to 1990s are also regarded as the golden era of Philippine ballads. Among the classics that emerged were those created by: Ryan Cayabyab (Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika, Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang) George Canseco (Kapantay ay Langit, Kastilyong Buhangin, Tubig at Langis) Willie Cruz (Sana’y Wala Nang Wakas, Bituing Walang Ningning) Jose Mari Chan (Beautiful Girl, Please Be Careful With My Heart, Constant Change) Gary Valenciano (Sana Maulit Muli) Most of these compositions made use of Western-type melody and harmony, while expressing uniquely Filipino emotions in movingly poetic lyrics. These came to be known as OPM, and were popularized by solo artists like Pilita Corales, Nora Aunor, Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Leah Navarro, Sharon Cuneta, Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, ZsaZsa Padilla, Regine Velasquez, and Ogie Alcasid. At the start, OPM was centered inManila, where Tagalog and English are the dominant languages. However, other ethno-linguistic groups such as the Visayan, Bikol, Kapampangan, and Ilocano also began to sing and record their songs in their native dialects. Between the 1980s and 1990s, OPM was led by artists such as Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, Lea Salonga, Regine Velasquez, Sharon Cuneta, Vina Morales, Raymond Lauchengco, Francis Magalona, Pops Fernandez, José Mari Chan, Dingdong Avanzado, Janno Gibbs, Ogie Alcasid, Joey Albert, Manilyn Reynes, among many others. In the 1990s, the famous solo artists and bands included The Eraserheads, Smokey Mountain, Donna Cruz, Jessa Zaragoza, Ariel Rivera, Southborder, Afterimage, Andrew E., Jaya, Rivermaya, Parokya ni Edgar, among many others. Underground bands emerged and along with them were their perceptions of idealism and self-expression. More recently, OPM stars have included Yeng Constantino, Sarah Geronimo, Aisa Seguerra, and international singers Arnel Pineda (of the international rock group, Journey), Charice Pempengco, and others. PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC Pop music in the Philippines started as an adaptation or translation, if not complete imitation, of Western hits. It started with Bobby Gonzales’ Hahabol-habol (Hot Pursuit), a local version of the rock and roll songs of the 1950s, and Rico Puno’s Luneta, a local adaptation of The Way We Were. This immediately clicked with the youth and eventually gained wide acceptance even among the “burgis” (bourgeois or elite) crowd. The start of the “Manila Sound” in the mid-1970s gave rise to songs using a colloquial language called Taglish, a combination of Tagalog and English. These Filipino lyrics sung to pop melodies resulted in highly singable songs with contemporary appeal. SHAIRE PHILIPPINE JAZZ Philippine musicians have also been inspired by jazz music. Among them are jazz pianist and recording artist Boy Katindig, who comes from the well-known clan of musicians that includes jazz piano legend Romy Katindig and saxophonist Eddie Katindig. The Katindig family pioneered Latin jazz in Manila. Other notable Filipino jazz musicians include Lito Molina, Angel Peña, Emil Mijares, and internationally known jazz pianist Bobby Enriquez. The start of the “Manila Sound” in the mid-1970s gave rise to songs using a colloquial language called Taglish, a combination of Tagalog and English. These Filipino lyrics sung to pop melodies resulted in highly singable songs with contemporary appeal. PHILIPPINE ROCK The year 1973 saw the birth of Philippine or “Pinoy” rock music which successfully merged the rock beat with Filipino lyrics. This new sound was introduced by the legendary Juan de la Cruz Band (with their song Ang Himig Natin) which had for its members Joey “Pepe” Smith, Wally Gonzales, and the originator of Jeproks, Mike Hanopol, who later became a major symbol of Pinoy rock. Other early exponents of Pinoy rock included the band Maria Cafra; Sampaguita, the female rocker; and folk-rock singer Heber Bartolome and his Banyuhay band, whose songs expressed strong messages of nationalism. Continuing this legacy of Pinoy rock today are vocal groups and bands that include River Maya, The Dawn, True Faith, The Eraserheads, Wolfgang, Bamboo, Parokya ni Edgar, Hale, Sandwich, SugarFree, Sponge Cola,and others. PINOY RAP In the Philippines, rap was also made popular by such composers and performers as Francis Magalona (Mga Kababayan Ko and Watawat) and Andrew E (Humanap Ka ng Pangit). Francis Magalona was born on October 4, 1964 and died on March 6, 2009. He is also known as FrancisM, “Master Rapper,” and “The Man From Manila.” He was a Filipino rapper, songwriter, producer, actor, director, television host, and photographer. He is often hailed as the “King of Pinoy Rap” and is considered a legend in the Philippine music community. With the success of his earliest albums, Magalona was the first Filipino rapper to cross over to the mainstream. He is also credited for having pioneered the merging of rap with Pinoy rock, becoming a significant influence on artists in that genre as well. He was later awarded a posthumous Presidential Medal of Merit “for his musical and artistic brilliance, his deep faith in the Filipino, and his sense of national pride that continue to inspire us.” Pop Music Collaborations Philippine pop artists have also collaborated with classical artists and orchestras in a number of their recordings and concerts. Some of the concerts of Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, Regine Velazquez, Lea Salonga, and Sharon Cuneta have featured the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, the ABS-CBN Orchestra, and the Manila Philharmonic Orchestra in performances at the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), both known venues for classical music, as well as at the Araneta Coliseum and Folk Arts Theater (FAT). Classical musicians have also performed in malls and other commercial venues to popularize classical music, popular music, and OPM. SUMMARY From theater tunes to rock and roll, pop, standards, hip hop, rap, and contemporary ballads—whether in the West, in the Philippines, or anywhere else in the world—these all provided a rich and diverse musical background in the development of Philippine contemporary music. The development of Philippine music was also influenced by the history of the country—from its pre-Spanish roots, through the Spanish and American periods, up to the present. It has since evolved to have its own rich and distinct identity.
