JAZZ
The arrival of the jazz genre did not come overnight. It was an
offshoot of the music of African slaves who migrated to America. As
music is considered a therapeutic outlet for human feelings, the
Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home
country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate
condition at that time. Since then, these melancholy beginnings have
evolved into various more upbeat jazz forms which the world has
adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.
Let us watch the video clips from the animated movie The Princess
and the Frog.Listen to the background music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PU57tQ3CqAc&list=PLTTSgC4kQied9Noq8tmKaq2BXwmT56TvY
&index=2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=HyoVyq0oiJQ&list=PLTTSgC4kQied9Noq8tmKaq2BXwmT56TvY
&index=4
KINDS OF JAZZ
RAGTIME
* is an American popular musical style mainly for piano, originating in
the AfroAmerican communities
* Its style was said to be a modification of the “marching mode”
made popular by John Philip Sousa, where the effect is generated by
an internally syncopated melodic line pitted against a rhythmically
straightforward bass line
* Its music is written unlike jazz which is mainly improvised
Jelly Roll Morton foremost exponents of ragtime who was an
American ragtime
and early jazz pianist and composed Frog I More Rag
Scott Joplin - King of Ragtime
* composed the popular Maple Leaf Rag, Solace, and The
Entertainer
Ragtime also influenced classical composers Erik Satie, Claude
Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky, who injected ragtime rhythmic
elements in their compositions
BIG BAND
* refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United States in
the mid 1920’s closely associated with the Swing Era with jazz
elements
* Relying heavily on percussion (drums), wind, rhythm section
(guitar, piano, double bass, vibes), and brass instruments
(saxophones), with a lyrical string section (violins and other string
instruments) to accompany a lyrical melody
A standard big band 17-piece instrumentation consist of the ff.
musical instruments
percussion, brass, and woodwind instruments
five saxophones (most often two altos, two tenors, and one
baritone),
four trumpets
four trombones (often including one bass trombone)
four-piece rhythm (composed of drums, acoustic or electric
bass, piano, guitar)
music originated in the United States and is associated with jazz and
the swing
Among the great big bands are:
1. Glenn Miller Orchestra ( A String of Pearls, Moonlight Serenade,
In the Mood, American Patrol, and smoke Gets Into Your Eyes)
2. Count Basie Orchestra ( April in Paris)
3. Benny Goodman Orchestra (Sing, Sing, Sing)
Solo singers collaborated with big bands are:
1.Cab Calloway (Minnie the Moocher)
3. Roy
Eldridge
2. Doris Day (Stardust, I’m in the Mood for Love)
BEBOP
* or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which is characterized by
a fast tempo,
instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation that emerged during World
War II
* The speed of the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted in a heavy
performance where the instrumental sound became more tense and
free
Main exponents of Bepop
* trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie
* alto saxplayer
Charlie Parker
* drummers Max Roach and Roy Haynes
* guitarist
Charlie Christian
* pianists Bud Powell and Thelonius Monk
* trombonist JJ
Johnson
* tenor sax players Dexter Gordon and Sonny Rollins, who was also
a composer
JAZZ ROCK
* is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s bands that inserted jazz
elements into rock music
* A synonym for “jazz fusion,” jazz rock is a mix of funk and R&B
(“rhythm and blues”) rhythms, where the music used amplification
and electronic effects, complex time signatures, and extended
instrumental compositions with lengthy improvisations in the jazz
style
Popular singer/songwriters who adopted the jazz rock style
1. Joni Mitchell
2. Tim Buckley
3. Van
Morrison
Some popular groups that emerged using the above music
styles were the ff:
Grateful Dead
and Tears
Cream
Santana
Blood, Sweat,
Traffic
Chicago
Steely Day
Lighthouse
Zappa
Soft Machine Hatfield and the North
Frank
POPULAR MUSIC
* Popular music literally means “music of the populace,” similar to
traditional folk music of the past.
* developed in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to be
called) generally consisted of music for entertainment of large
numbers of people, whether on radio or in live performances
KINDS OF POP MUSIC
BALLADS
* originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text
dealing typically about love; Used by poets and composers since the
18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19th century.
* word is derived both from the medieval French “chanson balladee”
and “ballade” which refers to a dancing song
Today, the term ballad now refers to a love song in a slightly pop or
rock style, with the following characteristics:
1. Blues Ballads
This is a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from
the 19th century that deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority.
The form emphasizes the character of the performer more than the
narrative content, and is accompanied by the banjo or guitar.
2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads
This is a blues style built from a single. Some enduring pop standard
and jazz ballads include The Man I Love (George Gershwin, above
left), Always (Irving Berlin, above center), and In a Sentimental
Mood (Duke Ellington, above right)
3. Pop and Rock Ballads
A pop and rock ballad is an emotional love song with suggestions of
folk music, this style is sometimes applied to strophic story-songs
1.Beatles’ composition “The Ballad of John and Yoko”
2.Billy Joel’s “The Ballad of Billy.”,
3. Don McLean’s “American Pie.”
STANDARDS
*is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a
particular genre or style as those by Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and
Rodgers and Hart
* Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed
mood. It also features highly singable melodies within the range and
technical capacity of the everyday listener.
Among the foremost proponents of this style are:
1. Frank Sinatra
* also known as “Ol Blue Eyes,” “Chairman of the Board,” or “The
Voice.”
* His genre was categorized as traditional pop and jazz
* He was a successful singer, actor, producer, director, and
conductor
* His hit singles include My Way and Strangers in the Night
2. Nat King Cole
* Another well-loved standards singer was American balladeer
* Although an accomplished pianist, he owes most of his popular
musical fame to his soothing baritone voice, which he used to
perform in big band, vocal jazz, swing, traditional pop, and jump
blues genres.
3. Matt Monroe
* was an English singer who became one of the most popular
entertainers in the international music scene during the 1960s
* Among his hit singles included
1. the James bond theme From Russia with Love
2. Born Free, which became his signature song
4. Softly as I
Leave You
3. Portrait of My Love
5. Walk
Away
Other popular singers of standards were
Perry Como
Bing Crosby,
Paul Anka Sammy Davis Jr. Doris Day
Page
Barbra Streisand
ROCK AND ROLL
Andy Williams
Patti
hugely popular song form in the United States during the late 1940’s
to the 1950’s
* It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues,
jazz, and gospel music with the Western swing and country music
* The lead instruments were the piano and saxophone, but these
were eventually replaced by modern instruments
* In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric
guitars (lead, rhythm), a string bass or bass guitar, and a set of
drums that provided the rhythmic pattern
* This form came during the age of technological change when
electric guitars were supplemented by amplifiers and microphones to
raise the volume
* It derived its name from the mot of a sonhip on the ocean, “rock
and roll.”
The greatest exponent of the rock and roll style
1.Elvis Presley
* His hit songs such as Heartbreak Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes
were complemented by his good looks and elaborate movements
that included hugging the microphone as he sang.
* his style was the precursor of the British band known as The
Beatles, whose compositions further boosted rock and roll as the
favorite genre of the times.
Examples of The Beatles’ songs in this genre
I Saw Her Standing There
Get Back,
While My
Guitar Gently Weeps
Rock and Roll Music
Ticket to Ride
The Beatles’ John Lenon and Paul McCartney as
Composers/Songwriters
1. John Lennon (1940-1980)
* was an English musician, singer, performer, songwriter and cosongwriter
* He was born and raised in Liverpool, England. He rose to
worldwide fame as a founder member of the rock band The Beatles,
which was considered as “the most
commercially successful band in the history of popular music.”
* formed as songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney,
which is considered as
“one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the
20th century.”
* Lennon’s hit compositions for the Beatles include
Strawberry Fields Forever
Help
In My Life
Rain
Tomorrow Never Knows
I am the Walrus
Come Together
Norwegian Road
You’ve Got to Hide Your Love Away
* When The Beatles disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a solo
career
* Among his solo top billboard hits include Imagine, Mind Games,
Power to the People, Dream, Nobody Told Me, Watching the
Wheels, Woman, Whatever Gets You Through the Night, and Instant
Karma.
* In 2002, according to a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons, John
was voted in eighth place.
* In 2008, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked him the “fifth-greatest
singer of all time.” * He was posthumously inducted into the
Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987; and into the Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame twice as a member of The Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist
in 1994
2. Sir James Paul McCartney (1942* is an English singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, co-writer, and
composer
* Paul gained worldwide popularity and fame as a member of The
Beatles, which included John Lennon, George Harrison, and
Ringo Starr
* Beatles was one of the most influential groups in the history of pop
music.
* The songwriting partnership with Lennon for the Beatles is one of
the most celebrated of the 20th century.
* It has been known that more than 2,200 artists have covered his
Beatles song Yesterday, which is more than any other copyrighted
song in history
* McCartney was a two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame as a member of The Beatles
*a 21-time Grammy Award winner having won both individually and
with The Beatles
* He has written or co-written 32 songs that have reached number
one on the Billboard Hot 100.
*As of 2014, McCartney had sold more than “15.5 million RIAAcertified units” in the United States
* His top hit compositions for The Beatles include:
Hey Jude; Fool on the Hill; I’ll Follow the Sun; I Will; I Saw Her
Standing There; All My Loving; Paperback Writer; Michelle; Eleanor
Rigby; We Can Work It Out; And I Love Her; Here, There, and
Everywhere; Penny Lane; and others.
DISCO
*The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known as
“disco.” Disco music pertained to rock music that was more
danceable, thus leading to the establishment of venues for public
dancing also called discos
* The term originated from the French word “discotheque” which
means a library for phonograph records.
* The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound rhythmically
controlled by a steady beat (usually meter) for ease of dancing, and
accompanied by strings, horns, electric guitars, and electric pianos
or synthesizers.
Famous figures of the disco genre include
ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of Disco”), The Bee Gees;
Earth, Wind, and Fire; KC and the Sunshine Band; The Village
People; and Gloria Gaynor, bringing us such hits as Dancing Queen,
Stayin’ Alive, Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff.
POP MUSIC
* Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to
emerge
* Among them were Neil Sedaka (Laughter in the Rain), Diana Ross
and the Supremes (Stop in the Name of Love), Olivia Newton John
(Hopelessly Devoted to You), Stevie Wonder (You Are the Sunshine
of My Life), Elton John (Skyline Pigeon), The Carpenters (We’ve
Only Just Begun), and Barry Manilow (Mandy).
* Pop superstars in more recent years include solor artists Celine
Dion (My Heart Will Go On), Madonna (Material Girl), Whitney
Houston (I Will Always Love You), Mariah Carey (Hero), Justin
Timberlake (Justified), Britney Spears (Oops, I Did It Again),
Beyonce (Irreplaceable), Lady Gaga (Bad Romance), and Bruno
Mars (Just The Way You Are); as well as vocal groups such as Boyz
II Men (Four Seasons of Loneliness), The Backstreet Boys (I Want It
That Way), N’Sync (This I Promise You),
Destiny’s Child (Survivor), among many others.
Michael Jackson, “The King of Pop”
* Perhaps the most popular solo performer of all time is Michael
Joseph Jackson who was born on August 29, 1958 and died on June
25, 2009
*He was an American recording artist, entertainer, singer-songwriter,
record producer, musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor,
businessman, and philanthropist.
* The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as an
entertainer in 1968 as a member of The Jackson 5
* He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the
group and was referred to as the "King of Pop" in subsequent years
* Jackson's 1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling
album of all time, and four of his other solo studio albums are
among the world's best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979), Bad
(1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995).
* In the early 1980s, he became a dominant figure in American
popular music and culture.
* He was the first African American entertainer to amass a strong
crossover following on MTV
* The popularity of his music videos airing on MTV, such as Beat It,
Billie Jean, and
Thriller—widely credited with transforming the music video from a
promotional tool
into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame
Videos such as Black or White and Scream made Jackson an
enduring staple on MTV in the 1990s
* With stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a
number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the
“robot” and the “moonwalk.” * Jackson donated and raised
millions of dollars for beneficial causes through his “Heal the World
Foundation,” charity singles, and support of 39 charities.
* One of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame twice, his other achievements include “Multiple
Guinness World Records”—including one for "Most Successful
Entertainer of All Time"—13 Grammy Awards, 13 number one
singles in his solo career, and the sale of 750 million records
worldwide. Jackson is one of the world’s most famous artists
because of his highly successful career which made him a part of
popular culture for nearly four decades.
* At the time of his death, Jackson was preparing for “This Is It,” a
series of 50 concerts that would have been held at The O2 arena in
London beginning July 13, 2009, and a world tour to follow after the
series of concerts. After Michael Jackson's death, Billboard's entire
top nine positions on Billboard's Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
housed Jackson related titles on July 1, 2009.
Today’s Pop Music Idols
As the 21st century continues to unfold, more and more pop groups
emerge spanning an entire range of musical styles and genres.
* There are music groups like Black Eyed Peas, K Pop (Korean),
My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boys, The Red Jumpsuit
Apparatus, Souja Boy, Train, Maroon 5, and One Direction.
While solo performers include Adele, Taylor Swift, Ed Sheeran,
Rihanna, Chris Brown, Ariana Grande, Justin Beiber, Miley
Cyrus, Katy Perry, Nikki Minaj, Selena Gomez, and others.
HIP HOP AND RAP
* Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that
usually (but not always) includes portions of rhythmically chanted
words called “rap.”
In rapping, the artist speaks along with an instrumental or
synthesized beat
* Hip hop arose in the 1970s within the Afro-American and Latino
youth in the Bronx area of New York City. But by the 1980s, it had
spread to many other countries
* It has since evolved into a subculture that encompasses music
(rapping, DJing, scratching, and beat boxing); a nearly acrobatic
style of dancing, called break dancing; a distinct manner of dress;
and graffiti-style artwork.
*Among the early hip hop artists were LL Cool J and Run-D.M.C
* While more recent popular names in this genre have been Beastie
Boys, Eminem, and Kanye West.
ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
*Alternative music was an underground independent form of music
that arose in the 1980’s.
* It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a way to defy
“mainstream” rock music. * Thus, it was known for its unconventional
practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and
defiant attitude
* It was also characterized by high energy levels that bred new styles
such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock,
jangle pop, noise pop, C86, , Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing.
Examples of alternative music are You Belong with Me, Shake It
Off.
PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC
The one word that comes to mind when we think of
contemporary Philippine music is the type commonly termed as
Original Pinoy Music or Original Philippine Music, or OPM for short.
It was originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs,
particularly ballads, such as those popular after the collapse of its
predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late 1970s up until the
present.
In the 1960s to 1970s, NoraAunor, Pilita Corrales, Eddie
Peregrina, VictorWood, Asin, APO Hiking Society, and others were
highly popular OPM singers. In the 1970s to 1980s, themajor
commercial Philippine popmusic artistswere Claire dela Fuente,
Didith Reyes, Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab, Basil Valdez, Celeste
Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Rey, Freddie Aguilar, Imelda Papin, Eva
Eugenio, Nonoy Zuñiga, and many others.
ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC (OPM)
The 1980s to 1990s are also regarded as the golden era of
Philippine ballads. Among the classics that emerged were those
created by:
 Ryan Cayabyab (Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika, Kahit Ika’y
Panaginip Lang)
 George Canseco (Kapantay ay Langit, Kastilyong Buhangin, Tubig
at Langis)
 Willie Cruz (Sana’y Wala Nang Wakas, Bituing Walang Ningning)
 Jose Mari Chan (Beautiful Girl, Please Be Careful With My Heart,
Constant Change)
 Gary Valenciano (Sana Maulit Muli)
Most of these compositions made use of Western-type melody and
harmony, while expressing uniquely Filipino emotions in movingly
poetic lyrics. These came to be known as OPM, and were
popularized by solo artists like Pilita Corales, Nora Aunor, Basil
Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji Alejandro, Leah Navarro, Sharon
Cuneta, Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, ZsaZsa Padilla, Regine
Velasquez, and Ogie Alcasid.
At the start, OPM was centered inManila, where Tagalog and English
are the dominant languages. However, other ethno-linguistic groups
such as the Visayan, Bikol, Kapampangan, and Ilocano also began
to sing and record their songs in their native dialects.
Between the 1980s and 1990s, OPM was led by artists such as
Martin Nievera, Gary Valenciano, Lea Salonga, Regine Velasquez,
Sharon Cuneta, Vina Morales, Raymond Lauchengco, Francis
Magalona, Pops Fernandez, José Mari Chan, Dingdong Avanzado,
Janno Gibbs, Ogie Alcasid, Joey Albert, Manilyn Reynes, among
many others.
In the 1990s, the famous solo artists and bands included The
Eraserheads, Smokey Mountain, Donna Cruz, Jessa Zaragoza, Ariel
Rivera, Southborder, Afterimage, Andrew E., Jaya, Rivermaya,
Parokya ni Edgar, among many others. Underground bands
emerged and along with them were their perceptions of idealism and
self-expression. More recently, OPM stars have included Yeng
Constantino, Sarah Geronimo, Aisa Seguerra, and international
singers Arnel Pineda (of the international rock group, Journey),
Charice Pempengco, and others.
PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC Pop music in the Philippines started as an
adaptation or translation, if not complete imitation, of Western hits. It
started with Bobby Gonzales’ Hahabol-habol (Hot Pursuit), a local
version of the rock and roll songs of the 1950s, and Rico Puno’s
Luneta, a local adaptation of The Way We Were. This immediately
clicked with the youth and eventually gained wide acceptance even
among the “burgis” (bourgeois or elite) crowd. The start of the
“Manila Sound” in the mid-1970s gave rise to songs using a
colloquial language called Taglish, a combination of Tagalog and
English. These Filipino lyrics sung to pop melodies resulted in highly
singable songs with contemporary
appeal.
SHAIRE
PHILIPPINE JAZZ Philippine musicians have also been inspired by
jazz music. Among them are jazz pianist and recording artist Boy
Katindig, who comes from the well-known clan of musicians that
includes jazz piano legend Romy Katindig and saxophonist Eddie
Katindig. The Katindig family pioneered Latin jazz in Manila. Other
notable Filipino jazz musicians include Lito Molina, Angel Peña, Emil
Mijares, and internationally known jazz pianist Bobby Enriquez. The
start of the “Manila Sound” in the mid-1970s gave rise to songs using
a colloquial language called Taglish, a combination of Tagalog and
English. These Filipino lyrics sung to pop melodies resulted in highly
singable songs with contemporary appeal.
PHILIPPINE ROCK The year 1973 saw the birth of Philippine or
“Pinoy” rock music which successfully merged the rock beat with
Filipino lyrics. This new sound was introduced by the legendary Juan
de la Cruz Band (with their song Ang Himig Natin) which had for its
members Joey “Pepe” Smith, Wally Gonzales, and the originator of
Jeproks, Mike Hanopol, who later became a major symbol of Pinoy
rock. Other early exponents of Pinoy rock included the band Maria
Cafra; Sampaguita, the female rocker; and folk-rock singer Heber
Bartolome and his Banyuhay band, whose songs expressed strong
messages of nationalism. Continuing this legacy of Pinoy rock today
are vocal groups and bands that include River Maya, The Dawn,
True Faith, The Eraserheads, Wolfgang, Bamboo, Parokya ni Edgar,
Hale, Sandwich, SugarFree, Sponge Cola,and others.
PINOY RAP In the Philippines, rap was also made popular by such
composers and performers as Francis Magalona (Mga Kababayan
Ko and Watawat) and Andrew E (Humanap Ka ng Pangit). Francis
Magalona was born on October 4, 1964 and died on March 6, 2009.
He is also known as FrancisM, “Master Rapper,” and “The Man From
Manila.” He was a Filipino rapper, songwriter, producer, actor,
director, television host, and photographer. He is often hailed as the
“King of Pinoy Rap” and is considered a legend in the Philippine
music community.
With the success of his earliest albums, Magalona was the first
Filipino rapper to cross over to the mainstream. He is also credited
for having pioneered the merging of rap with Pinoy rock, becoming a
significant influence on artists in that genre as well. He was later
awarded a posthumous Presidential Medal of Merit “for his musical
and artistic brilliance, his deep faith in the Filipino, and his sense of
national pride that continue to inspire us.”
Pop Music Collaborations Philippine pop artists have also
collaborated with classical artists and orchestras in a number of their
recordings and concerts. Some of the concerts of Martin Nievera,
Gary Valenciano, Regine Velazquez, Lea Salonga, and Sharon
Cuneta have featured the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, the
ABS-CBN Orchestra, and the Manila Philharmonic Orchestra in
performances at the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and the
Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), both known
venues for classical music, as well as at the Araneta Coliseum and
Folk Arts Theater (FAT). Classical musicians have also performed in
malls and other commercial venues to popularize classical music,
popular music, and OPM.
SUMMARY From theater tunes to rock and roll, pop, standards, hip
hop, rap, and contemporary
ballads—whether in the West, in the Philippines, or anywhere else in
the world—these all
provided a rich and diverse musical background in the development
of Philippine
contemporary music. The development of Philippine music was also
influenced by the
history of the country—from its pre-Spanish roots, through the
Spanish and American
periods, up to the present. It has since evolved to have its own rich
and distinct identity.