UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE LEARNING
LESSON 1
Inquiry-Based Learning
Prepared by:
ROSS CHRISTIAN C. MANUEL
INSTRUCTOR - I
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
a. identify the salient features of inquiry-based
learning and its application to the attainment of
mathematics learning competencies and
learning objectives;
b. formulate focus questions from the learning
competencies of the K to 12 Curriculum Guide in
Mathematics; and
c. appreciate the importance of inquiry-based
learning by applying it in the teaching and
learning process.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Inquiry-Based Learning
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
What is inquiry-based learning?
•
•
•
Inquiry, in its simplest definition, is a
process of asking questions.
In inquiry-based learning, teachers
use questions, problems and
scenarios to help students learn
through individual thought and
investigation (University of Texas
Arlington, 2021)
Instead of simply presenting facts,
the teacher encourages students to
talk about a problem and draw on
their intuition to understand it.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
What is inquiry-based learning?
•
•
•
Inquiry-based learning also focuses
on letting students ask their own
questions — essentially providing
their own inquiry.
It involves tasks requiring learner’s
active participation in finding
answers to curricular questions.
Instead of lecturing about learning
goals, the teacher cultivates a
learning environment and helps
students
explore
it
through
questions and experiences.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Why do we learn Mathematics?
• According
to
Benjamin
(2013),
“Mathematics is not just solving for x, it’s
also figuring out why.”
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
When to Use
•
•
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Inquiry-based learning is more than asking a student what he
or she wants to know. It’s about triggering curiosity.
According to education researchers, inquiry-based instruction
is “a teaching method that combines the curiosity of students
and the scientific method to enhance the development of
critical thinking skills.”
IBI can help students focus on how to solve problems in
different but logical ways.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
When to Use
Students Achieve and Demonstrate Mastery
• When students explore and discover rather than only listening to
lectures, they develop greater mastery of concepts and skills.
Using math as an example, a teacher can show students an
algorithm for solving an algebra equation.
•
However, real mastery occurs when students are asked to
develop their own algorithms. They must construct solutions
using creativity and problem-solving. This takes more time but
deepens understanding of a concept.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
When to Use
•
Georgia Mathis echoes this perfectly in the Edutopia article The
Power of Asking the Right Questions:
"Ultimately, a teacher's job is to light the way for her
students, to guide them to their own path of discovery … the true
art of teaching is to ask the right questions, become a thought
partner (interaction during instruction), and then assist in
students' discoveries.“
•
In the modern age, the role of the teacher has shifted to being a
true learning facilitator, watching as students take the lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
9 Reasons Why you should
implement Inquiry-Based learning in
your classroom
by Lab4U Team
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
1. Inquiry increases rigor and cognitive load
•
Inquiry-based learning pushes students beyond
simply learning to memorize or remember, and
toward applying knowledge in new domains, drawing
connections among ideas, evaluating or challenging
ideas,
and
additionally
creating
something
completely new.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
2. Inquiry increases engagement and interest
•
•
Inquiry-based learning connects a new concept or
area of study with students own interests and lived
experience.
Therefore, this methodology awakens their natural
curiosity.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
3. Inquiry increases intellectual risk-taking
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Inquiry-based learning experiences push students
out of their comfort zone.
Because it focuses more on exploring environments
of varying levels of ambiguity, it lowers the perceived
need to “get it right” that would otherwise make
students wary of intellectual risk-taking.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
4. Inquiry develops key soft skills
•
Inquiry-based learning also effectively develops
important soft skills that are key for student success
in the 21st Century, such as creative problem solving,
critical thinking, logical thinking, teamwork, and even
written and oral communication.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
5. Inquiry is a natural differentiator
•
With Inquiry-based learning, because they have a
degree of autonomy to select how they want to
approach a task, students have leeway to select a
learning pathway that appeals to their preferred
learning style. Students then have the space to learn
in a way that makes sense to them.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
6. Inquiry transforms a classroom of students
into a classroom of teachers
•
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Inquiry-based teaching can easily be combined with
collaborative groupings. Because that allow students to
work and learn as teams.
With clearly set expectations and carefully defined
roles, students explore, discuss, and come up with
creative ways to approach a complex task, learning
more as a team than they would individually.
Often, peer learning is just as effective as teacher-led
learning. Indeed, the most meaningful “aha!” moments
often come in authentic interactions with peers. Then
suddenly, your class is transformed into space where
EVERYONE is a teacher!
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
7. Inquiry creates lifelong learners
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Inquiry-based learning helps students become lifelong
learners.
Life is about learning to navigate unfamiliar situations,
and coming up with creative solutions in environments
of uncertainty will help students find success not only
in their current academic careers but will also help
them adapt to a workforce and world that will continue
to evolve in unexpected ways.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
8. Inquiry triggers new approaches to solve a
new type of problem
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The global issues that our world is facing today are
known as “wicked”.
Problems for they’re more complex than any problem
our society has ever faced before.
We need to enable the next generation today to face the
world of tomorrow with a more dynamic and innovative
way of thinking about problems.
And this is what inquiry-based learning teaches them
to do by triggering their critical thinking capacities and
pushing them to take action instead of learning
passively.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
9. Inquiry as a source of self-confidence
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•
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Inquiry-based learning allows students to embrace and
feel comfortable with still with the possibility of making
errors.
Making it rather an opportunity for improvement.
Indeed, by challenging them to find solutions based on
their own knowledge and experience, this learning
approach empowers students to increase their selfconfidence, and to freely experiment focusing on the
inquiry itself rather than the fear of being “wrong”.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Types of Inquiry
• Shelley (2020) presented four types of inquiry that can be
used in facilitating classes. These are:
1. Structured Inquiry
2. Controlled Inquiry
3. Guided Inquiry
4. Free Inquiry
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
1. Structured Inquiry
• The students investigate a teacher-presented question
through a prescribed procedure, and receive explicit step-bystep guidelines at each stage, leading to a predetermined
outcome, similar to following a recipe.
• Students are involved through hands-on investigations in the
process of science and develop basic inquiry skills, such as
making observations, raising hypotheses, collecting and
organizing data, drawing conclusions, making inferences and
finding solutions.
• However, students do not acquire the ability to think
autonomously because in structured inquiry, questions,
processes and results are 'known in advance'.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
1. Structured Inquiry
• Let’s use a lesson in Ancient Egypt as an example, where the
STEM lesson involves building catapults. With structured
inquiry, the teacher gives the lessons, then all the materials,
with detailed instructions they use as a class to build their
catapults together.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
2. Controlled Inquiry
• It is done within a framework established by the teacher.
• The teacher provides the context, starting ideas, tools and
perhaps even some goals. Then the students apply what they
are given and move through the process steps.
• In this approach the teacher may let the students design and
build their own catapults, using their own ideas and
inspiration. Samples or ideas may be offered, but the
students are free to create their own designs, use their
imagination and be creative.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
2. Controlled Inquiry
• As part of this type of inquiry specific end goals may be
specified. For example, the catapult may need to hit a specific
target at a set distance, or be a specific size. This limits the
students in some ways, but can also foster some incredibly
imaginative critical thinking and problem solving skills.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
3. Guided Inquiry
• It involves the teacher choosing the topic or questions, then
the students are left to develop their own methods of inquiry
and processes for moving through concepts.
• With our example, the teacher may teach concepts of
engineering and warfare in Ancient Egypt. From there,
students research and build their choice of items from the
time period, they are not limited to building a catapult.
Perhaps they want to build a model of a pyramid or a ship, or
maybe explore creating their own paper and ink and drawing
hieroglyphs.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
3. Guided Inquiry
• Due to the freedom and independent approach used in Guided
Inquiry, students may also chose to do their projects in a
different way.
• Instead of building and engineering, perhaps they want to
create a presentation, develop engineering drawings instead
of constructing a catapult, or even do a video report.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
4. Free Inquiry
• It allows the students to take ownership over their learning,
including topic selection, questions, methods and goals.
• In this instance, the teacher lets the students chose
whichever ideas they wish under the main umbrella topic of
Ancient Egypt.
• They can delve into the topic in any way they desire and
explore the concepts and ideas that appeal to them.
• This requires a lot of self-discipline and comfort with selfdirected learning. It is best to wait until the students are
comfortable with student led learning before starting free
inquiry.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Role of the Teacher
• The “sage on the stage” or teacher knows best model is no
longer relevant in our ever changing world.
• In this type of classroom the teacher needs to learn to let go
and become a facilitator / mentor to their students.
• Teachers need to become the CEO of their classroom with
many projects happening under them.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Role of the Teacher
•
According to Chambers (2018), in an inquiry classroom a teacher’s
role is to:
Take Risks – be ok with failure.
Expose students to new ideas and issues that are in our world.
Provide opportunities for their students outside of the classroom.
Help ignite passion within their students.
Support their students in finding ways to explore those passions.
Help their students learn where and how to find credible information.
Support students on learning time management skills.
Connect curriculum to their passion projects.
Connect students to experts and community members that can
support their projects.
✓ Model the love of learning and promote lifelong learning.
✓ Advocate on behalf of your students.
✓ Help students reflect on their learning – what worked, what didn’t and
what will you do differently next time?
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Role of ICT
• Online information may not always be accurate, but Associate
Professor Mark Baildon, Head of the Humanities and Social
Studies Academic Group in NIE, believes that students need to
learn how to work with such sources, in the classroom and in
real life.
• According to Ljubljana (2018), in IBL, the use of ICT can play a
vital role in searching, capturing, analyzing and presenting
data. In education of future STEM teachers, it is important for
the students to experience ICT-supported IBL.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Role of ICT
Technology and Inquiry
• Searching for valid information;
• Posing worthwhile questions;
• Collaborating with others;
• Organizing ideas and people;
• Testing and modeling emerging understandings;
• Communicating understanding through images, sound and
movement as well as text; and creating wide and authentic
audiences for student work.
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Role of ICT
“Computers are not rescuing the school from a weak
curriculum, any more than putting pianos in every
classroom would rescue a flawed music program.
Wonderful learning can occur without computers or even
paper. But once the teacher and children are
enfranchised as explorers, computers, like pianos, can
serve as powerful amplifiers, extending the reach and
depth of the learners.
– Alan Kay, American computer scientist
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
A.Y. 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2: INTEGRATING ACTIVE LEARNING APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE LEARNING
References
•
Bring Inquiry-Based Learning into the Classroom for Math. (2017, September 8). UTA Online.
https://academicpartnerships.uta.edu/articles/education/inquiry-based-learning-math-classroom.aspx
•
Shelley (2021b, April 21). 4 Powerful Inquiry Based Teaching Strategies. STEAM Powered Family.
https://www.steampoweredfamily.com/education/inquiry-based-teaching-strategies/
•
Lab4u Team (2021, July 20). 9 Reasons Why you should implement Inquiry-Based learning in your classroom.
Lab4U. https://lab4u.co/en/science-education/9-reasons-why-you-should-implement-inquiry-based-learning-inyour-classroom/
•
Team XQ (2021, September 12). What Is Inquiry-Based Learning?
https://xqsuperschool.org/rethinktogether/what-is-inquiry-based-learning-ibl/
•
Espique, F. P., & Silva, D. D. V. (2021). Technology for Teaching and Learning 2. LORIMAR PUBLISHING
INC.
•
Chambers, R., & Posts, V. A. (2018, September 16). What are the roles of teachers and students in an inquiry
classroom? Unlearn With Us. https://unlearnwithus.com/2018/09/16/what-are-the-roles-of-teachers-andstudents-in-an-inquiry-classroom/
•
Using
Technology
for
Inquiry-based
Learning.
https://singteach.nie.edu.sg/2015/03/30/issue52-research03/
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 2
(2015,
(IBL).
Rethink
March).
Together.
SingTeach.
A.Y. 2021 - 2022