ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
νοῦν μὲγ’ ἄριστος καὶ γλῶσσαν
2022
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
TIME: 50 MINUTES DO NOT USE DICTIONARY
1) In the upper lefthand corner, fill in the boxes with your name (last, first) and fill in the
corresponding bubbles below each box.
2) In the lower left-hand corner under “special codes”, fill in the boxes with your school
number. Your examiner will give you your school number. Fill in the corresponding bubbles
below each box.
3) In the lower right box under “exam type”, write the exam name (INTRO).
4) In the vertical column in the middle, fill in the bubble for your current grade level.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT: Mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. Answers not
bubbled on the answer sheet will not be scored. There is only one correct answer/choice for each
question. Choose the best possible answer.
Remember:
Use a #2 pencil only.
Fill in the bubbles on the answer sheet completely and neatly.
Erase unwanted answers on the answer sheet completely.
Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet.
καλὴ εὐτυχία!
1. The letter directly following ν, ξ, ... in the Greek alphabet is
a) μ (mu).
b) ο (omicron).
c) π (pi).
d) ρ (rho).
2. The letter upsilon in the Greek alphabet is
a) ε.
b) ξ.
c) υ.
d) ψ.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
3. The capital of the letter γ (gamma) is
a) Γ.
b) Λ.
c) Σ.
d) W.
4. The name of the letter χ is
a) psi.
b) chi.
c) xi.
d) phi.
5. The letter that comes directly before in the sequence …, η, θ is
a) ι (iota).
b) δ (delta).
c) ζ (zeta).
d) κ (kappa).
6. The lowercase equivalent of the letter X is
a) ψ (psi).
b) ω (omega).
c) χ (chi).
d) ξ (xi).
7. The English transliteration of the Greek word θυγάτηρ is
a) thēgater.
b) synatēr.
c) thygatēr.
d) thugatep.
8. When written with Greek letters, the word apitheō is spelled
a) ἀρητέω.
b) ἀριτήο.
c) ἀπιπέο.
d) ἀπιθέω.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
9. The prefix that means the opposite of εὐ is
a) ἀμφι-.
b) δυσ-.
c) μετα-.
d) ὑπερ-.
10. The phrase “kaloi k’agathoi” is derived from Greek words that mean
a) good and evil.
b) good and beautiful.
c) mind and body.
d) body and soul.
11. Which of these would be most valued in a theocracy?
a) wealth
b) soldiers
c) religion
d) the people
12. In addition to being the messenger god, Hermes is known as the god of
a) manufacturers.
b) thieves.
c) musicians.
d) hunters.
13. Which of these wrote in a different genre from the others?
a) Sophocles
b) Aeschylus
c) Euripides
d) Herodotus
14. A panorama is a view of
a) a whole area.
b) an area usually hidden.
c) a small area.
d) an underwater area.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
15. The story of ________ is the best illustration of the saying “Be careful what you wish for.”
a) Perseus
b) Midas
c) Hippolytus
d) Orestes
16. Philip II and/or his son Alexander were involved in all of the following battles except
a) Issus.
b) Gaugamela.
c) Aegospotami.
d) Chaeronea.
17) In the sentence βίον ἀγαθὸν ἔχειν ἐθέλω, who/what is the subject?
a) I
b) it
c) we
d) you
18) Keeping the case the same, the plural equivalent of βίον ἀγαθόν is
a) βίοι ἀγαθοί.
b) βίων ἀγαθῶν.
c) βίοις ἀγαθοῖς.
d) βίους ἀγαθούς.
19) The form of the verb ἔχειν is
a) first person singular.
b) an infinitive.
c) third person singular.
d) an imperative.
20) What is the Greek for “they want”?
a) ἐθέλει
b) ἐθέλεις
c) ἐθέλουσιν
d) ἐθέλετε
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
Use the following sentence to answer questions 21-25.
τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἡ ᾿Αθήνη φέρει τέχνας καὶ ἀρετήν.
21. Who or what is the subject of this sentence?
a) ἀρετήν
b) It is only implied by the verb ending.
c) καί
d) ἡ ᾿Αθήνη
22. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις is in what case?
a) genitive
b) dative
c) accusative
d) nominative
23. τέχνας is in what case and number?
a) accusative plural
b) nominative singular
c) genitive singular
d) dative plural
24. The sentence above has two
a) subjects.
b) adjectives.
c) prepositional phrases.
d) direct objects.
25. The plural equivalent of the definite article τῇ is
a) τῆς.
b) τάς.
c) ταῖς.
d) τῶν.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
For questions 26-38, refer to the GREEK PASSAGE found at the end of this exam (p. 9).
26. The case and number of the word ἐπῳδήν (line 1) is
a) accusative plural.
b) accusative singular.
c) genitive singular.
d) dative plural.
27. The word λέγειν (line 1) is best translated
a) “you say.”
b) “we say.”
c) “he says.”
d) “to say.”
28. The phrase εἰς ἄνθρωπον (line 2) means
a) into people.
b) into a person.
c) into the people.
d) into the person.
29. The gender of κόρηθρον (line 2) is
a) masculine.
b) feminine.
c) neuter.
30. According to the first sentence, the magician in this story performs his magic by using
a) words.
b) a wand.
c) a potion.
d) a crystal ball.
31. According to line 2, the magician uses the broom
a) to ride on.
b) as a magic wand.
c) as a decoration.
d) to do his chores.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
32. The adjective ἄλλην (line 3) modifies (describes)
a) μάγος.
b) ἐπῳδήν.
c) κόρηθρον.
d) nothing; it is used as a noun.
33. In line 4, the correct way to identify the case(s) of the two occurrence of κόρηθρον is that
a) both are accusative.
b) both are nominative.
c) the first is accusative, but the second is nominative.
d) the first is nominative, but the second is accusative.
34. In line 5, the person and number of the verb ἐθέλω is
a) first person singular.
b) first person plural.
c) second person singular.
c) third person plural.
35. Which of the following is true according to lines 5-6 (ἐγώ...διδάσκειν)?
a) The magician promises to teach the student the spell someday.
b) The student is nervous about learning the spell.
c) The student learns the spell but later forgets it.
d) The magician refuses to teach the student the spell.
36. The best way to translate ἀλλά in line 6 is
a) against.
b) and.
c) around.
d) but.
37. According to lines 6-7, how does the student finally learn the spell (ἀλλὰ...ἐπακούω)?
a) Another magician teaches it to him.
b) He reads it in a book.
c) He eavesdrops on the magician.
d) His teacher shows it to him.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
38. Which of the following happens, according to lines 7-8?
a) The broom disobeys the student.
b) The student successfully brings the broom to life.
c) The broom becomes human.
d) The student gives the broom an order.
Refer to the map on page 10 to answer questions 39 and 40.
39. Crete is the place marked
a) C.
b) D.
c) E.
d) F.
40. The letter A represents the
a) Ionian Sea.
b) Sea of Crete.
c) Aegean Sea.
d) Black Sea.
ΤΕΛΟΣ
THE END
8
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
TEAR OFF THIS PAGE AND CONSULT THE PASSAGE AS YOU TAKE EXAM.
NOTE: Vocabulary help appears underneath the Greek word(s).
A magician’s apprentice is fascinated and tempted by his teacher’s spells.
1
ὁ μάγος δύναται λέγειν ἐπῳδὴν καὶ μεταφέρειν τὸ κόρηθρον
μάγος, μάγου, ὁ: magician
δύναται: is able
2
ἐπῳδή, ἐπῳδῆς, ἡ: magic spell
μεταφέρω: transform
εἰς ἄνθρωπον. ἔπειτα τὸ κόρηθρον πονεῖ ὡς διάκονος. ὁ μάγος,
εἰς: into
ἔπειτα: then
πονεῖ: do work
κόρηθρον, κορήθρου, τό: broom
3
διάκονος, διακόνου, ὁ: servant
μάγος, μάγου, ὁ: magician
διακονία, διακονίας, ἡ: service
ἅλις ἔχω (+gen.): have enough of
ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλον: another
ἐπῳδή, ἐπῳδῆς, ἡ: magic spell
τὸ κόρηθρόν ἐστίν αὖθις κόρηθρον.
κόρηθρον, κορήθρου, τό: broom
5
ὡς: as
ἐπειδὴ ἅλις ἔχει τῆς διακονίας, ἄλλην ἐπῳδὴν λέγει καὶ
ἐπειδή: when
4
κόρηθρον, κορήθρου, τό: broom
αὖθις: again
ἐγώ, ὁ μαθητὴς αὐτοῦ, ἐθέλω τὴν ἐπῳδὴν μανθάνειν,
ἐγώ: I
μαθητής, μαθητοῦ, ὁ: student
ἐπῳδή, ἐπῳδῆς, ἡ: magic spell
αὐτοῦ: his
6
καὶ ὁ μάγος οὐκ ἐθέλει ἐμὲ διδάσκειν. ἀλλὰ λάθρᾳ τὴν ἐπῳδὴν
μάγος, μάγου, ὁ: magician
ἐμέ: me
λάθρᾳ: secretly
διδάσκω: teach
7
ἐπακούω. ἐπεὶ ὁ μάγος ἄπεστιν, λαμβάνω τὸ κόρηθρον,
ἐπακούω: listen to
μάγος, μάγου, ὁ: magician
ἐπεί: when
8
ἐπῳδή, ἐπῳδῆς, ἡ: magic spell
κόρηθρον, κορήθρου, τό: broom
ἄπεστιν: is away
τὴν ἐπῳδὴν λέγω, καὶ κελεύω τὸ κόρηθρον ὑδροφορεῖν.
ἐπῳδή, ἐπῳδῆς, ἡ: magic spell
κόρηθρον, κορήθρου, τό: broom
ὑδροφορέω: carry water
9
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTRODUCTION TO GREEK
TEAR OFF THIS PAGE AND CONSULT THE MAP FOR QUESTIONS 39 AND 40.
10
2022 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION ANSWER KEY
American Classical League
860 NW Washington Blvd Suite A
Hamilton, OH 45013
(513) 529-7741 • Fax (513) 529-7742
info@aclclassics.org
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Michael Cowett, 149 Grove Street, Kingston, MA 02364. greekexam@aclclassics.org
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
νοῦν μὲγ’ ἄριστος καὶ γλῶσσαν
2022
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
TIME: 50 MINUTES DO NOT USE DICTIONARY
1) In the upper lefthand corner, fill in the boxes with your name (last, first) and fill in the
corresponding bubbles below each box.
2) In the lower left-hand corner under “special codes”, fill in the boxes with your school
number. Your examiner will give you your school number. Fill in the corresponding bubbles
below each box.
3) In the lower right box under “exam type”, write the exam name (BEGINNING).
4) In the vertical column in the middle, fill in the bubble for your current grade level.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT: Mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. Answers not
bubbled on the answer sheet will not be scored. There is only one correct answer/choice for each
question. Choose the best possible answer.
Remember:
Use a #2 pencil only.
Fill in the bubbles on the answer sheet completely and neatly.
Erase unwanted answers on the answer sheet completely.
Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet.
καλὴ εὐτυχία!
1. In line 1, the verb ἐδύνατο is in the following tense:
a) aorist.
b) future.
c) imperfect.
d) present.
2. In line 1, the word λέγειν is a(n)
a) imperative.
b) imperfect indicative verb.
c) infinitive.
d) present indicative verb.
1
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
3. In line 2, the first instance of τὸ κόρηθρον is in the following case:
a) accusative.
b) dative.
c) genitive.
d) nominative.
4. The word ἄνθρωπον shows
a) a circumflex accent and a rough breathing.
b) a grave accent and a smooth breathing.
c) an acute accent and a rough breathing.
d) an acute accent and a smooth breathing.
5. From lines 1-2, we learn that
a) Pancrates’ spell could turn a broom into a person.
b) Pancrates tries, but is unable, to turn a broom into a person.
c) Pancrates turns himself into a broom.
d) Pancrates turns another magician into a broom.
6. The gender of κόρηθρον (line 2) is
a) feminine.
b) masculine.
c) neuter.
7. In line 3, the subject of ἐπόνει is
a) ὁ Παγκράτης (line 1).
b) τὸ κόρηθρον (line 2).
c) ἄνθρωπον (line 2).
d) διάκονος (line 3).
8. In lines 2-3, we learn that
a) a servant was turned into a broom.
b) Pancrates became the broom’s servant.
c) Pancrates turned the broom into a servant.
d) Pancrates worked as a servant for the narrator.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
9. In line 3, the word ἐπεί is best translated as
a) when.
b) in addition to.
c) but.
d) although.
10. In line 3, the verb εἶχε is best described as
a) 3rd person singular imperfect.
b) 3rd person plural imperfect.
c) 3rd person singular present.
d) 3rd person plural present.
11. The case of διακονίας (end of line 3) is
a) accusative.
b) dative.
c) genitive.
d) nominative.
12. In lines 3-4, the broom
a) attacked the magician.
b) became a broom again.
c) uttered another spell.
d) got tired of being a servant.
13. In line 5, the word μαθητής is
a) feminine.
b) masculine.
c) neuter.
14. In line 5, the word αὐτοῦ refers to
a) μάγος (line 3).
b) ἐπῳδήν (line 4).
c) κόρηθρον (line 4).
d) ἐμέ (line 6).
3
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
15. In line 5, the narrator
a) learns how to cast the spell.
b) learns to desire the spell.
c) wishes to learn the spell.
d) wishes to teach the spell.
16. The best way to translate the clause ὁ δὲ μάγος οὐκ ἐθέλει ἐμὲ διδάσκειν (line 6) is:
a) But I wish to teach the magician.
b) But the magician refuses to teach me.
c) But the magician refuses to learn from me.
d) But the magician teaches me not to desire.
17. The subject of ἐπακούω (line 7) is
a) ὁ μάγος (line 6).
b) λάθρᾳ (line 6).
c) ἐπῳδήν (line 6).
d) “I” (understood).
18. The verb of which ἐπακούω is a compound lies at the root of the English word
a) academic.
b) acoustics.
c) acronym.
d) panacea.
19. In line 7, the case and number of ὁ μάγος is
a) accusative plural.
b) genitive singular.
c) nominative plural.
d) nominative singular.
20. When transliterated into English, the Greek word κόρηθρον (line 7) would be rendered
a) kopēthron.
b) korēthron.
c) korēthrov.
d) korēxron.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
21. In lines 7-8, the last action to occur is:
a) Αn incantation is spoken.
b) Τhe narrator grabs the broom.
c) Τhe magician leaves.
d) Τhe narrator gives an order.
22. In line 9, the case and use of κόρηθρον is best described as
a) accusative, direct object.
b) accusative after δὲ.
c) nominative, subject.
d) subject complement (= predicate nominative).
23. Based only on the action described in line 9, the narrator’s first attempt at magic has been
a) entirely unsuccessful.
b) mostly unsuccessful.
c) mostly successful.
d) entirely successful.
24. The verb ποιεῖ (line 9) is in the following tense:
a) aorist.
b) future.
c) imperfect.
d) present.
25. The accent of ποιεῖ (line 9) can be explained as the result of
a) α-contraction.
b) ε-contraction.
c) crasis.
d) elision.
26. In line 10, the form of the verb λέγω is
a) an imperative.
b) 1st person singular.
c) 1st person plural
d) 3rd person plural.
5
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
27. In line 10, the narrator expresses a desire to
a) acquire help from the magician.
b) cause the spell to work forever.
c) stop the spell from working.
d) turn the broom into a drinking vessel for water.
28. In line 11, the word ἔτι is a(n)
a) adverb.
b) conjunction.
c) preposition.
d) pronoun.
29. In line 11, the case and use of ἄνθρωπος is best described as
a) accusative, direct object.
b) genitive of possession.
c) nominative, subject.
d) subject complement (= predicate nominative).
30. Based only on the action of line 11, the narrator’s second command has been
a) entirely unsuccessful.
b) mostly unsuccessful.
c) mostly successful.
d) entirely successful.
31. The verb λαμβάνω (line 12) lies at the root of the English word
a) baseline.
b) labyrinth.
c) lamp.
d) syllable.
32. By the end of line 12, how many brooms are there?
a) one
b) two
c) ten
d) twenty
6
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
33. In line 13, ἐπανέρχεται is an example of a(n)
a) α-contract verb.
b) ε-contract verb.
c) deponent verb.
d) impersonal verb.
34. In line 13, the word πικρός is
a) an adjective in the attributive position.
b) an adjective in the predicate position.
c) an adverb in the attributive position.
d) an adverb in the predicatε position.
35. In line 13, we learn that
a) the narrator angrily goes out in search of the magician.
b) the magician is angry when he returns.
c) a broom attacks the magician when he returns.
d) the magician is not angry when he returns.
36. In line 13, the subject of ποιεῖ is
a) τὸ κόρηθρον (line 12).
b) ὁ μάγος (line 13).
c) τοὺς διακόνους (line 13).
d) the narrator (implied).
37. In line 14, the word ξύλινα is in the following case:
a) accusative.
b) dative.
c) genitive.
d) nominative.
38. In lines 13-14, we learn that
a) the magician fixes the narrator’s poor spell-casting.
b) the magician fixes his own poor spell-casting.
c) the narrator fixes his own poor spell-casting.
d) the narrator fixes the magician’s poor spell-casting.
7
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
39. In line 14, the word ἐμέ is a(n)
a) adverb.
b) conjunction.
c) preposition.
d) pronoun.
40. In line 14, the verb ἀποπέμπει is compounded from words that mean
a) “away” and “go.”
b) “away” and “send.”
c) “up” and “do.”
d) “up” and “send.”
ΤΕΛΟΣ
THE END
8
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
TEAR OFF THIS PAGE AND CONSULT THE PASSAGE AS YOU TAKE EXAM.
NOTE: Vocabulary help appears underneath the Greek word(s).
A magician’s apprentice tries out one of his teacher’s spells.
1
ὁ Παγκράτης ὁ μάγος ἐδύνατο λέγειν ἐπῳδὴν καὶ
Παγκράτης, ὁ: Pancrates (the name of the magician)
ἐπῳδή, ἡ: spell, incantation
μάγος, ὁ: magician
2
μεταφέρειν τὸ κόρηθρον εἰς ἄνθρωπον. τὸ δὲ κόρηθρον
μεταφέρω: transform
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
3
ἔπειτα ἐπόνει ὡς διάκονος. ὁ μάγος, ἐπεὶ ἅλις εἶχε τῆς διακονίας,
ἔπειτα: then
ὡς: as
διάκονος, ὁ: servant
πονέω: do work
4
ἅλις ἔχω: have enough
διακονία, ἡ: service
μάγος, ὁ: magician
ἄλλην ἐπῳδὴν ἔλεγε καὶ τὸ κόρηθρον ἦν αὖθις κόρηθρον.
ἐπῳδή, ἡ: spell, incantation
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
αὖθις: again
5
ἐγώ, ὁ μαθητὴς αὐτοῦ, ἐθέλω τὴν ἐπῳδὴν μανθάνειν,
μαθητής, ὁ: student
6
ἐπῳδή, ἡ: spell, incantation
ὁ δὲ μάγος οὐκ ἐθέλει ἐμὲ διδάσκειν. ἀλλὰ λάθρᾳ τὴν ἐπῳδὴν
μάγος, ὁ: magician
7
ἐπακούω. ἐπεὶ ὁ μάγος ἄπεστιν, λαμβάνω τὸ κόρηθρον,
ἐπακούω: listen to
8
λάθρᾳ: in secret ἐπῳδή, ἡ: spell, incantation
ἄπεστιν: is away
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
τὴν ἐπῳδὴν λέγω, καὶ κελεύω τὸ κόρηθρον ὑδροφορεῖν.
ἐπῳδή, ἡ: spell, incantation
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
9
ὑδροφορέω: fetch water
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
9
BEGINNING ATTIC GREEK
τὸ δὲ κόρηθρον, νῦν ἄνθρωπος, τοῦτο ποιεῖ. καὶ δι' ὀλίγου
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
τοῦτο: this
δι᾽ὀλίγου: soon
νῦν: now
10
λέγω, "μηκέτι ὑδρωφόρει. κόρηθρον αὖθις ἴσθι."
μηκέτι: no longer
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
ὑδροφορέω: fetch water
11
ἀλλὰ τὸ κόρηθρον ἔτι ἄνθρωπός ἐστι καὶ ἔτι ὑδροφορεῖ.
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
12
ἔτι: still (adv.)
κόπτω: cut
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
νῦν: now
ἐπεὶ ἐπανέρχεται, πικρός ἐστιν ὁ μάγος. ποιεῖ τὰ κόρηθρα
ἐπανέρχομαι: return
μάγος, ὁ: magician
πικρός: angry
14
ὑδροφορέω: fetch water
ἀξίνην λαμβάνω καὶ κόπτω τὸ κόρηθρον, ἀλλὰ νῦν ἔστι δύο!
ἀξίνη: axe
13
αὖθις: again
αὖθις ξύλινα, καὶ ἐμὲ ἀποπέμπει.
αὖθις: again
ξύλινος, ξυλίνη, ξύλινον: wooden
10
κόρηθρον, τό: broom
2022 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION ANSWER KEY
American Classical League
860 NW Washington Blvd Suite A
Hamilton, OH 45013
(513) 529-7741 • Fax (513) 529-7742
info@aclclassics.org
Median Scores
Introduction to GreekBeginning Attic GreekIntermediate Attic GreekIntroduction
to Greek
Beginning
Greek
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Homeric Greek OdysseyHomeric Greek IliadIntermediate
Attic Greek
Homeric
Odyssey
Homeric
Iliad
C
C
A
D
A
C
B
C
A
A
C
B
B
A
C
B
D
B
D
B
D
C
D
D
B
B
C
A
D
A
D
B
C
B
D
B
A
A
D
B
Michael Cowett, 149 Grove Street, Kingston, MA 02364. greekexam@aclclassics.org
Attic ProseAttic TragedyAttic
Prose
Biblical
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
νοῦν μὲγ’ ἄριστος καὶ γλῶσσαν
2022
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
TIME: 50 MINUTES DO NOT USE DICTIONARY
1) In the upper lefthand corner, fill in the boxes with your name (last, first) and fill in the
corresponding bubbles below each box.
2) In the lower left-hand corner under “special codes”, fill in the boxes with your school
number. Your examiner will give you your school number. Fill in the corresponding bubbles
below each box.
3) In the lower right box under “exam type”, write the exam name (INTERMEDIATE).
4) In the vertical column in the middle, fill in the bubble for your current grade level.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT: Mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. Answers not
bubbled on the answer sheet will not be scored. There is only one correct answer/choice for each
question. Choose the best possible answer.
Remember:
Use a #2 pencil only.
Fill in the bubbles on the answer sheet completely and neatly.
Erase unwanted answers on the answer sheet completely.
Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet.
καλὴ εὐτυχία!
1. In line 1, εἶναι is an infinitive because it is
a) in an indirect statement.
b) complementary.
c) supplementary.
d) part of a natural result clause.
2. In line 1, the gender, case, and number of ἔμπειρον is
a) neuter accusative singular.
b) masculine nominative singular.
c) neuter nominative singular.
d) masculine accusative singular.
1
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
3. In line 1, Socrates says that he thinks that Gorgias
a) has made a mistake in his previous remarks.
b) has a great deal of experience with discussions.
c) will take what Socrates has to say badly.
d) will soon see the logic of Socrates' arguments.
4. The word ῥᾴδιον (line 2) is a
a) comparative adjective.
b) comparative adverb.
c) positive adjective.
d) positive adverb.
5. In line 2, the tense and voice of the participle διορισάμενοι is
a) present active.
b) present middle/passive.
c) aorist middle.
d) aorist active.
6. The phrase περὶ ὧν (line 3) is best translated
a) being around.
b) about which.
c) before which.
d) near which.
7. In line 4, the tense and voice of the participles μαθόντες and διδάξαντες are
a) present active.
b) present middle/passive.
c) aorist middle.
d) aorist active.
8. In line 4, with what do the participles μαθόντες and διδάξαντες agree?
a) συνουσίας (line 5)
b) διορισάμενοι (line 2)
c) λόγων (line 1)
d) ὧν (line 3)
2
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
9. In line 4, the best translation for ἑαυτούς is
a) them.
b) themselves.
c) the others.
d) whomsoever.
10. In line 5, the case of συνουσίας is
a. nominative.
b. genitive.
c. accusative.
d. either genitive or accusative.
11. In lines 2-5, Socrates tells Gorgias that
a) it is hard for discussions about complicated matters to reach a successful end.
b) in every discussion, some people learn, while others teach.
c) teaching and learning are easy if the subject is clearly defined.
d) discussions about complex subjects are always a waste of time.
12. In line 5, του is best translated
a) something.
b) what.
c) which.
d) the.
13. The subject of the verb ἀμφισβητήσωσι (line 5) is
a) συνουσίας (line 5).
b) ὧν (line 4).
c) those referred to as τοῖς διαλεγομένοις in line 2.
d) ἀλλ᾽ (line 5).
14. In line 5, the tense and mood of ἀμφισβητήσωσι are
a) future indicative.
b) present indicative.
c) present subjunctive.
d) aorist subjunctive.
3
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
15. In line 6, τὸν ἕτερον is the
a) direct object of λέγειν (line 6).
b) subject of the verb φῇ (line 5).
c) accusative subject of λέγειν (line 6).
d) direct object of χαλεπαίνουσι (line 6).
16. The word ὀρθῶς (line 6) lies at the root of all of the following English words EXCEPT
a) ornithologist.
b) orthodontia.
c) orthodox.
d) orthography.
17. In lines 5-6, the best translation for καὶ μὴ φῇ ὁ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον ὀρθῶς λέγειν ἢ
μὴ σαφῶς is
a) and one says he can't rightly or clearly understand what the other is trying to say.
b) and one says the other isn't speaking rightly or clearly.
c) and one does not agree with the other when he speaks rightly or clearly.
d) and someone says that the two of them aren't speaking rightly or clearly.
18. In line 6, τε και is best translated
a) either…or
b) not only…but also.
c) both…and.
d) on the one hand…on the other hand.
19. In lines 6-8, Socrates says people in a conversation often become annoyed because
a) they do not like be contradicted.
b) they suspect some sophist’s trick.
c) they grow tired of the topic.
d) they think the others are interested in winning the argument, rather than investigating
the issue.
20. In lines 7 and 8, the participles φιλονικοῦντας and ζητοῦντας are in what case?
a) accusative
b) dative
c) genitive
d) nominative
4
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
21. The case of τὸ προκείμενον (line 8) is
a) nominative.
b) genitive.
c) dative.
d) accusative.
22. In line 9, the best translation for φοβοῦμαι οὖν διελέγχειν σε is
a) I am accordingly afraid that you will refute me.
b) I am accordingly afraid that you have refuted yourself.
c) I am accordingly afraid to refute you.
d) You are therefore afraid that you will be refuted by me.
23. In line 9, the word μή introduces a(n)
a) causal clause.
b) indirect statement.
c) indirect question.
d) purpose clause.
24. In line 9, the tense and mood of ὑπολάβῃς is
a) present indicative.
b) future indicative.
c) present subjunctive.
d) aorist subjunctive.
25. In line 9, the phrase πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα is best translated
a) in addition to the matter.
b) with respect to the matter.
c) by the matter.
d) against the matter.
26. In line 10, φιλονικοῦντα agrees with
a) πρᾶγμα (line 9).
b) σε (line 9).
c) με (line 9).
d) λόγῳ (line 8).
5
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
27. In line 10, σέ refers to
a) Gorgias
b) Socrates.
c) πρᾶγμα (line 9).
d) ἀνθρώπῳ (line 11).
28. The Greek word κακόν (line 11) lies at the root of:
a) cactus.
b) cacophony.
c) chalice.
d) apocalypse.
29. The case and use of the word ἀνθρωπω (line 11) is
a) dative of reference.
b) dative – indirect object.
c) dative after a preposition.
d) dative of possession.
30. In line 11, the gender, case, and number of the adjective ψευδής are
a) masculine nominative singular.
b) feminine nominative singular.
c) feminine genitive singular.
d) neuter nominative plural.
31. In lines 11-12, Socrates says he thinks that there is no evil greater than
a) associating with the wrong people.
b) quarreling with people about trivial matters.
c) disappointing someone by arguing in bad faith.
d) having a wrong opinion about the matter at hand.
32. In the middle of line 12, ὤν is a(n)
a) relative pronoun.
b) supplementary participle with τυγχάνει.
c) interrogative pronoun.
d) indefinite pronoun.
6
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
33. In line 12, a good translation for περὶ ὧν τυγχάνει νῦν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος ὤν would be
a) "about the things which we happen to be discussing right now."
b) "about the things which are a popular topic of conversation these days."
c) "about the things which form a noble topic of conversation for us."
d) "about the things which have been on my mind for a while now."
34. In line 13, τοιοῦτος is nominative because it
a) is referring to λόγος (line 12).
b) is referring to δόξα (line 11).
c) is referring to σύ (line 12).
d) is referring to Socrates.
35. In line 13, διαλεγώμεθα is a(n)
a) hortatory subjunctive.
b) part of an indirect statement.
c) imperative.
d) part of a purpose clause.
36. In line 13, by εἰ δὲ καὶ δοκεῖ χρῆναι ἐᾶν Socrates means
a) "If you think it is best to drop our conversation . . . "
b) "Whenever you think it is best to drop our conversation . . . "
c) "It may be best to drop our conversation right now."
d) "Since others may think it is best to drop our conversation."
37. In line 14, the word καί connects
a) δοκεῖ (line 13) and διαλύωμεν (line 14).
b) ἐῶμεν (line 14) and διαλύωμεν (line 14).
c) χρῆναι (line 13) and χαίρειν (line 14).
d) ἐᾶν (line 13) and λόγον (line 14).
38. In line 15, the word αὐτός refers to the same noun as does
a) ἔγωγε (line 15).
b) Σώκρατες (line 15).
c) σύ (line 16).
d) λόγον (line 14).
7
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
39. In line 16, ὑφηγῇ is
a) second person singular imperfect.
b) second person singular present.
c) third person singular present.
d) third person singular imperfect.
40. In lines 15-16, Gorgias expresses
a) confusion about what Socrates is asking.
b) disagreement with Socrates’ last assertion.
c) desire to continue the conversation.
d) indifference toward continuing the conversation.
ΤΕΛΟΣ
THE END
8
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
TEAR OFF THIS PAGE AND CONSULT THE PASSAGE AS YOU TAKE EXAM.
NOTE: Vocabulary help appears underneath the Greek word(s).
In conversation with his interlocutor Gorgias, Socrates reflects on how and why a philosophical
discussion can go wrong.
1
Σωκράτης: οἶμαι, ὦ Γοργία, καὶ σὲ ἔμπειρον εἶναι πολλῶν λόγων.
ἔμπειρος, -α, -ον (+gen.): experienced in
2
οὐ ῥᾴδιόν ἐστι τοῖς διαλεγόμενοις δύνασθαι, διορισάμενοι
τοῖς διαλεγόμενοις: for people engaged in discussions
3
λόγων: conversations
διορίζω: define
πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐπιχειρήσωσι διαλέγεσθαι,
πρὸς ἀλλήλους: for each other
ἐπιχειρέω (+inf.): attempt to
διαλέγομαι: have a discussion
4
καὶ μαθόντες καὶ διδάξαντες ἑαυτούς, οὕτω διαλύεσθαι τὰς
διαλύω: break up, end
5
διαλύομαι: conclude
συνουσίας, ἀλλ᾽ ἐὰν περί του ἀμφισβητήσωσι καὶ μὴ φῇ
συνουσία, -ας, ἡ: conversation
ἀμφισβητέω: disagree
ἐάν: if
6
ὁ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον ὀρθῶς λέγειν ἢ μὴ σαφῶς, χαλεπαίνουσί τε καὶ
χαλεπαίνω: be annoyed
ὁ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον: "one . . . the other"
7
οἴονται τὸν ἑαυτῶν λέγειν κατὰ φθόνον, φιλονικοῦντας
τὸν ἑαυτῶν: the other
φιλονικέω: be contentious
φθόνος, -ου, ὁ: ill-will, jealousy
8
ἀλλ᾽ οὐ ζητοῦντας τὸ προκείμενον ἐν τῷ λόγῳ….
ζητέω: seek the truth, inquire into
προκείμενον, -ου, τό: topic, matter under discussion
9
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
9
INTERMEDIATE ATTIC GREEK
φοβοῦμαι οὖν διελέγχειν σε, μή με ὑπολάβῃς οὐ πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα
διελέγχω: refute
10
ὑπολαμβάνω: suspect
φιλονικοῦντα καταφανῶς λέγειν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς σέ…
φιλονεικέω: be contentious
καταφανής, -ές: clear
11
οὐδὲν γὰρ οἶμαι τοσοῦτον κακὸν εἶναι ἀνθρώπῳ, ὅσον δόξα ψευδὴς
12
περὶ ὧν τυγχάνει νῦν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος ὤν. εἰ μὲν οὖν καὶ σὺ φῂς
13
τοιοῦτος εἶναι, διαλεγώμεθα: εἰ δὲ καὶ δοκεῖ χρῆναι ἐᾶν,
14
ἐῶμεν ἤδη χαίρειν καὶ διαλύωμεν τὸν λόγον.
ἐῶμεν ἤδη χαίρειν: "let's just say good-bye already."
διαλύω: break up, end
15
Γοργίας: ἀλλὰ φημὶ μὲν ἔγωγε, ὦ Σώκρατες, καὶ αὐτὸς τοιοῦτος
16
εἶναι οἷον σὺ ὑφηγῇ.
ὑφηγέομαι: indicate
10
2022 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION ANSWER KEY
American Classical League
860 NW Washington Blvd Suite A
Hamilton, OH 45013
(513) 529-7741 • Fax (513) 529-7742
info@aclclassics.org
Median Scores
Introduction to GreekBeginning Attic GreekIntermediate Attic Greek-
Homeric Greek OdysseyHomeric Greek Iliad-
Attic ProseAttic Tragedy-
Introduction
to Greek
Beginning
Greek
Intermediate
Attic Greek
Homeric
Odyssey
Homeric
Iliad
Attic
Prose
1.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
1.
1.
1.
A
D
B
C
C
B
D
B
B
C
A
A
C
D
C
A
B
C
D
A
D
C
D
D
B
C
A
B
A
B
D
B
A
C
A
A
B
A
B
C
Michael Cowett, 149 Grove Street, Kingston, MA 02364. greekexam@aclclassics.org
Biblical
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
νοῦν μεγ’ ἄριστος καὶ γλῶσσαν
2022
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION
HOMERIC GREEK-ODYSSEY
TIME: 50 MINUTES
DO NOT USE DICTIONARY
1) In the upper left hand corner, fill in the boxes with your name (last, first) and fill in
the corresponding bubbles below each box.
2) In the lower left hand corner under “special codes”, fill in the boxes with your school
number. Your examiner will give you your school number. Fill in the corresponding
bubbles below each box.
3) In the lower right box under “exam type”, write the exam name (ODYSSEY).
4) In the vertical column in the middle, fill in the bubble for your current grade level.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT: Mark the correct choice on your answer sheet.
Answers not bubbled on the answer sheet will not be scored. There is only one correct
answer/choice for each question. Choose the best possible answer.
Remember:
Use a #2 pencil only.
Fill in the bubbles on the answer sheet completely and neatly.
Erase unwanted answers on the answer sheet completely.
Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet.
καλὴ εὐτυχία!
1. In this section of the Odyssey, Telemachus is absent from Ithaca while he consults Nestor in
a) Troy.
b) Pylos.
c) Sparta.
d) Knossos (Crete).
2. In line 313, the mood of the verb ἀλάλησο is
a) indicative.
b) subjunctive.
c) optative.
d) imperative.
1
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
3. In line 314, Nestor advises Telemachus not to abandon
a) his friends.
b) his father.
c) his mother.
d) his belongings.
4. In line 315, the word ὑπερφιάλους modifies
a) φίλος (line 313).
b) δόμων (line 313).
c) κτήματα (line 314).
d) ἄνδρας (line 314).
5. A poetic device that can be found in line 315 is
a) litotes.
b) tmesis.
c) apostrophe.
d) personification.
6. From line 315, the word φάγωσιν is etymologically related to
a) phase.
b) antipathy.
c) esophagus.
d) catastrophe.
7. In line 316, the word τηϋσίην modifies
a) τοι (line 315).
b) κτήματα (line 316).
c) σύ (line 316).
d) ὁδόν (line 316).
8. In lines 313-316, Nestor warns Telemachus about
a) the fate of Orestes.
b) the will of the gods.
c) the trials of Odysseus.
d) the danger posed by the suitors.
2
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
9. In line 318, the 1st person singular present active indicative of the verb ἐλθεῖν is
a) αἱρέω.
b) ἔρχομαι.
c) ἵστημι.
d) τίθημι.
10. In line 318, the best translation of νέον is
a) “recently”.
b) “by ship”.
c) “divinely”.
d) “in a temple”.
11. In line 319, the mood of ἔλποιτο is
a) indicative.
b) subjunctive.
c) optative.
d) imperative.
12. In line 320, the form of ἐλθέμεν is
a) first person singular.
b) third person plural.
c) first person plural.
d) infinitive.
13. In line 320, ὅν τινα agrees with
a) θυμῷ (line 319).
b) ὅν (line 320).
c) ἄελλαι (line 320).
d) πέλαγος (line 321).
14. In line 320, the mood of the verb ἀποσφήλωσιν is
a) indicative.
b) subjunctive.
c) optative.
d) imperative.
3
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
15. In line 320, the case of ἄελλαι is
a) nominative.
b) genitive.
c) dative.
d) accusative.
16. In lines 320-322, Nestor states that _______ is great and terrible.
a) death
b) the sea
c) the stormwind
d) a bird of prey
17. In lines 317-322, the reader learns that Menelaus’s homecoming
a) was a violent ambush.
b) foretold his son’s death.
c) was delayed by a storm.
d) reenacted the battles at Troy.
18. In line 323, Nestor commands Telemachus to
a) trust his friends.
b) be safe at home.
c) give up his search.
d) travel to another kingdom.
19. In line 325, the case of υἷες is
a) nominative.
b) genitive.
c) dative.
d) accusative.
20. In line 325, the case of ἐμοί is
a) nominative.
b) genitive.
c) dative.
d) accusative.
4
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
21. In lines 324-325, the basic conditional of εἰ δ᾽ ἐθέλεις … πάρα is best translated as
a) “If you want…then they are available…”.
b) “If you wanted…then they would be available…”.
c) “If you should want…then they would be available…”.
d) “If you had wanted…then they would have been available…”.
22. In lines 324-326, what Nestor offers is consistent with the ancient concept of
a) kleos or glory.
b) xenia or hospitality.
c) hubris or arrogance.
d) arete or heroic excellence.
23. In line 327, the pronoun μιν refers to
a) Nestor.
b) Menelaus.
c) Telemachus.
d) Nestor’s sons.
24. In line 327, the best translation of αὐτός is
a) “he”.
b) “the same person”.
c) “I myself”.
d) “you yourself”.
25. In line 327, the best translation of ἵνα in context is
a) “lest”.
b) “when”.
c) “where”.
d) “so that”.
26. In lines 327-328, Nestor implies that Telemachus will receive an honest answer because
a) of his interlocutor’s past experiences.
b) of his interloctuor’s character.
c) the gods will oblige his interlocutor to speak with honesty.
d) Telemachus himself would sense a lie.
5
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
27. In line 329, the metrical pattern of the first four feet are
a) spondee-dactyl-dactyl-dactyl.
b) dactyl-spondee-dactyl-dactyl.
c) dactyl-dactyl-dactyl-dactyl.
d) dactyl-dactyl-dactyl-spondee.
28. In line 330, the word γλαυκῶπις is an example of a(n)
a) simile.
b) epithet.
c) hyperbole.
d) oxymoron.
29. In line 331, the term γέρον refers to
a) Nestor.
b) Athena.
c) Menelaus.
d) Telemachus.
30. In line 332, the tense of the verb κατέλεξας is
a) present.
b) imperfect.
c) aorist.
d) perfect.
31. In line 330, the word γλώσσας is etymologically related to
a) amylose
b) polyglot
c) abysmally
d) glossy.
32. In line 334, the tense of word σπείσαντες is
a)
b)
c)
d)
present.
imperfect.
aorist.
perfect.
6
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
33. In line 333, the case of the noun Ποσειδάωνι is
a) nominative.
b) genitive.
c) dative.
d) accusative.
34. In line 334, the person and number of the verb form μεδώμεθα is
a) 1st person plural
b) 2nd person plual.
c) 3rd person plural.
d) 2nd person dual.
35. In line 334, the verb form that is missing from the phrase τοῖο γὰρ ὥρη is
a) ἐστί.
b) ἦσθα.
c) ἦτον.
d) ἐσμέν.
36. In lines 332-334, Athena suggests that the wine should be mixed so that they may
a) put speculative topics to rest.
b) offer a toast to Telemachus’ success.
c) enjoy drinking excellent wine.
d) make an offering to the gods.
37. In line 335, the case of φάος is
a) nominative.
b) genitive.
c) dative.
d) accusative.
38. In lines 335-336, Athena suggests to everyone that it is not suitable to
a) go to bed.
b) retell stories of the Trojan War.
c) remain at the feast any longer.
d) think ill of Telemachus.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
39. In line 336, the best translation of the phrase θεῶν ἐν δαιτί in context is
a) in a/the banquet of a god.
b) at a/the banquet of the gods.
c) into a/the banquet for the gods.
d) concerning a/the banquet of the gods.
40. In Book 3, as Athena accompanies Telemachus, the goddess is disguised as
a) Mentor.
b) Laertes.
c) Eumaeus.
d) Antilochus.
ΤΕΛΟΣ
THE END
8
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
TEAR OFF THESE PAGES AND CONSULT THE PASSAGE AS YOU TAKE EXAM
NOTE: Vocabulary help appears underneath the Greek word(s). Proper nouns are given at
the end of the passage.
As Telemachus seeks news of his father Odysseus, Nestor, a wise Greek leader during the
Trojan War, gives him advice, and Athena, in disguise, concludes the conversation.
313
“καὶ σύ, φίλος, μὴ δηθὰ δόμων ἄπο τῆλ᾽ ἀλάλησο,
δηθά: for a long time
314
ἀλάλημαι: wander, roam about
κτήματά τε προλιπὼν ἄνδρας τ᾽ ἐν σοῖσι δόμοισιν
προλείπω: leave, abandon
315
οὕτω ὑπερφιάλους, μή τοι κατὰ πάντα φάγωσι
ὑπερφίαλος, ὑπερφίαλον: arrogant
316
κτήματα δασσάμενοι, σὺ δὲ τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς.
δατέομαι: divide
317
τηΰσιος, τηϋσία, τηΰσιον: vain, useless
ἀλλ᾽ ἐς μὲν Μενέλαον ἐγὼ κέλομαι καὶ ἄνωγα
ἄνωγα: (perfect with present sense) to command
318
ἐλθεῖν· κεῖνος γὰρ νέον ἄλλοθεν εἰλήλουθεν,
319
ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὅθεν οὐκ ἔλποιτό γε θυμῷ
ἔλπω: hope
320
ἐλθέμεν, ὅν τινα πρῶτον ἀποσφήλωσιν ἄελλαι
ἀποσφάλλω: drive off course
ἄελλα, ἀέλλας, ἡ: stormwind
321
ἐς πέλαγος μέγα τοῖον, ὅθεν τέ περ οὐδ᾽ οἰωνοὶ
οἰωνός, οἰωνοῦ, ὁ: bird of prey
322
αὐτόετες οἰχνεῦσιν, ἐπεὶ μέγα τε δεινόν τε.
αὐτοετής, αὐτοετές: in the same year
οἰχνέω: go, come
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
323
ἀλλ᾽ ἴθι νῦν σὺν νηΐ τε σῇ καὶ σοῖς ἑτάροισιν·
324
εἰ δ᾽ ἐθέλεις πεζός, πάρα τοι δίφρος τε καὶ ἵπποι,
πεζός: on foot
325
πάρα = πάρεστιν
δίφρος, δίφρου, ὁ: chariot
πὰρ δέ τοι υἷες ἐμοί, οἵ τοι πομπῆες ἔσονται
πομπεύς, πομπέως, ὁ: guide
326
ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν, ὅθι ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.
ξανθός, ξανθή, ξανθόν: blond
327
λίσσεσθαι δέ μιν αὐτός, ἵνα νημερτὲς ἐνίσπῃ·
λίσσομαι: pray, beseech with prayer
νημερτής, νημερτές: unerring
ἐνέπω: speak
328
ψεῦδος δ᾽ οὐκ ἐρέει· μάλα γὰρ πεπνυμένος ἐστίν.”
πεπνυμένος, πεπνυμένον: wise
329
ὣς ἔφατ᾽, ἠέλιος δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε.
κνέφας, κνέφατος, τό: darkness
330
τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε θεά, γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·
μετεῖπον: address
331
“ὦ γέρον, ἦ τοι ταῦτα κατὰ μοῖραν κατέλεξας:
καταλέγω: recount, say
332
ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε τάμνετε μὲν γλώσσας, κεράασθε δὲ οἶνον,
τέμνω: cut
333
κεράω: mix
ὄφρα Ποσειδάωνι καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι
ὄφρα: so that
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
334
HOMERIC GREEK - ODYSSEY
σπείσαντες κοίτοιο μεδώμεθα· τοῖο γὰρ ὥρη.
σπένδω: make a libation, pour an offering
κοῖτος, κοίτου, ὁ: bed
335
μέδομαι: think of, think about
ἤδη γὰρ φάος οἴχεθ᾽ ὑπὸ ζόφον, οὐδὲ ἔοικε
οἴχομαι: go
ζόφος, ζόφου, ὁ: the dark part of the world
ἔοικα: (perfect with present sense) it is suitable
336
δηθὰ θεῶν ἐν δαιτὶ θαασσέμεν, ἀλλὰ νέεσθαι.”
δηθά: (adv) for a long time θαάσσω: sit
νέομαι: go
Proper Names
Ἀθήνη, Ἀθήνης, ἡ: Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom
Λακεδαίμων, Λακεδαίμονος, ἡ: Lacedaemon (Sparta)
Μενέλαος, Μενελάου, ὁ: Menelaus, the king of Sparta
and leader of the Spartans during the Trojan War
Ποσειδάων, Ποσειδάωνος, ὁ: Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea
11
2022 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION ANSWER KEY
American Classical League
860 NW Washington Blvd Suite A
Hamilton, OH 45013
(513) 529-7741 • Fax (513) 529-7742
info@aclclassics.org
Median Scores
Introduction to GreekBeginning Attic GreekIntermediate Attic GreekIntroduction
to Greek
Beginning
Greek
Homeric Greek OdysseyHomeric Greek IliadIntermediate
Attic Greek
Homeric
Odyssey
Homeric
Iliad
Hom. Od.
3.313-336
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Michael Cowett, 149 Grove Street, Kingston, MA 02364. greekexam@aclclassics.org
Attic ProseAttic TragedyAttic
Prose
Biblical
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
νοῦν μὲγ’ ἄριστος καὶ γλῶσσαν
2022
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION
HOMERIC GREEK-ILIAD
TIME: 50 MINUTES
DO NOT USE DICTIONARY
1) In the upper lefthand corner, fill in the boxes with your name (last, first) and fill in
the corresponding bubbles below each box.
2) In the lower lefthand corner under “special codes”, fill in the boxes with your school
number. Your examiner will give you your school number. Fill in the corresponding
bubbles below each box.
3) In the lower right box under “exam type”, write the exam name (ILIAD).
4) In the vertical column in the middle, fill in the bubble for your current grade level.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT: Mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. Answers
not bubbled on the answer sheet will not be scored. There is only one correct
answer/choice for each question. Choose the best possible answer.
Remember:
Use a #2 pencil only.
Fill in the bubbles on the answer sheet completely and neatly.
Erase unwanted answers on the answer sheet completely.
Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet.
καλὴ εὐτυχία!
1. According to your knowledge of the Iliad, the reason Patroclus was fighting in Achilles’ place
was that
a) Achilles refused to fight because Agamemnon had taken his mistress Briseis.
b) Hector had challenged Patroclus to a duel to bring the Trojan War to a conclusion.
c) Patroclus wanted to prove his superiority to Achilles.
d) Achilles’ mother Thetis requested that Patroclus do so.
2. In line 70 of the passage, στενάχοντι is a(n)
a) future active participle.
b) present active participle.
c) present middle participle.
d) aorist middle participle.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
3. In line 71, the case and number of the phrase παιδὸς ἑοῖο are
a) genitive plural.
b) dative singular.
c) genitive singular.
d) nominative singular.
4. In line 72, the function of the word ἔπεα is as a(n)
a) subject.
b) indirect object.
c) appositive.
d) direct object.
5. In line 73, the case of the word τέκνον is
a) accusative.
b) nominative.
c) genitive.
d) vocative.
6. In line 74, the person, mood, and number of κεῦθε are
a) 2nd person imperative singular.
b) 2nd person imperative plural.
c) 3rd person imperative singular.
d) 3rd person indicative singular.
7. In line 74, the tense and voice of τετέλεσται are
a) perfect passive.
b) pluperfect passive.
c) aorist passive.
d) aorist middle.
8. In line 76, the case and number of υἷας are
a) nominative plural.
b) dative plural.
c) nominative singular.
d) accusative plural.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
9. Which one of the following is not an English derivative of πάντας (line 76)?
a) panic
b) pandemic
c) pantophobia
d) panorama
10. The most common Attic Greek form of παθέειν (line 77) would be
a) παθέειν.
b) πάσχειν.
c) παθεĩν.
d) πάθεσθαι.
11. Which one of the following words is not an English derivative of παθέειν (line 77)?
a) sympathetic
b) pathogen
c) pathological
d) patient
12. The words πόδας ὠκύς on line 78 are a good example of a Homeric
a) rhapsode.
b) epithet.
c) epitaph.
d) simile.
13. Which one of these is a feature of the form τῖον (line 81) which is not normal in Attic
Greek, but is often found in Homeric Greek?
a) the lack of a past indicative augment
b) the ending -ον
c) the circumflex accent over ῖ
d) the lack of reduplication
14. When two normally short vowels that do not form a diphthong are scanned together as one
long syllable, this phenomenon is known as
a) diaeresis.
b) epic correption.
c) synizesis.
d) enjambment.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
15. In line 82, the word κεφαλῇ is an example of the following usage:
a) dative with special adjective.
b) dative of indirect object.
c) vocative of direct address.
d) nominative in apposition to another word.
16. In line 83, the word ἰδέσθαι is a(n)
a) epexegetical infinitive.
b) complementary infinitive.
c) feminine plural nominative noun.
d) feminine plural present active participle.
17. In lines 84-87, Achilles expresses his regret that
a) he has failed to rescue his best friend.
b) his mother Thetis married a mortal man.
c) his father Peleus led the Argonauts on their first expedition.
d) he was destined to come to Troy to fight the Trojan War on behalf of the Greeks.
18. Which one of the words below is an English derivative of the Greek word μυρίον (line 88)?
a) mural
b) myriad
c) myrmidon
d) myrrh
19. In line 89, the phrase παιδὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο is an example of a(n)
a) genitive of possession.
b) protasis of a conditional sentence.
c) genitive absolute.
d) purpose clause.
20. The metrical pattern of the first four feet of line 89 is
a) spondee-spondee-dactyl-dactyl.
b) dactyl-dactyl-dactyl-dactyl.
c) dactyl-dactyl-spondee-dactyl.
d) dactyl-spondee-dactyl-dactyl.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
21. In line 90, which one of the following diacritical features does νοστήσαντ’ exhibit?
a) elision
b) smooth breathing
c) rough breathing
d) grave accent
22. In line 91, the gender, number, and case of the word ἄνδρεσσι are
a) masculine plural dative.
b) feminine plural dative.
c) vocative singular masculine.
d) accusative plural neuter.
23. The word μετέμμεναι in line 91 is a common Homeric form of the
a) present indicative middle.
b) perfect passive participle.
c) present infinitive active.
d) aorist optative active.
24. The Attic Greek equivalent of the particle κε in line 92 would be
a) καί.
b) εἰ.
c) ἐάν.
d) ἅν.
25. Which one of the following words is not an English derivative of πρῶτος (line 92)?
a) protozoa
b) proton
c) protect
d) protagonist
26. The Attic Greek form of Πατρόκλοιο (line 93) would be
a) Πατρόκλης.
b) Πάτροκλον.
c) Πατρόκλους.
d) Πατρόκλου.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
27. Overall, the tone of Achilles’ speech in lines 79-93 is
a) hopeful and respectful.
b) conciliatory and apologetic.
c) deferential and compassionate.
d) mournful yet defiant.
28. The usage of τὸν at the beginning of line 94 is as a(n)
a) personal pronoun.
b) definite article.
c) relative pronoun
d) reflexive pronoun.
29. When a word is separated into its constituent parts, as in the phrase κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα
in line 94, that figure of speech is called
a) tmesis.
b) caesura.
c) diaeresis.
d) hysteron proteron.
30. From your knowledge of Homer’s Iliad, the Olympian deity whose aid Thetis sought on
Achilles’ behalf was
a) Poseidon.
b) Aphrodite.
c) Zeus.
d) Dionysus.
31. In line 96, given the case of its object, the meaning of the preposition μεθ’is
a) with.
b) across.
c) after.
d) under.
32. The tense and voice of the participle ὀχθήσας (line 97) are
a) aorist passive.
b) aorist active.
c) future active.
d) present middle.
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
33. Which one of the following is a direct English derivative of πόδας (line 97)?
a) podcast.
b) pessimistic.
c) podiatrist.
d) potassium.
34. Also in line 97, the case and function of the word πόδας are
a) dative of instrument.
b) accusative of respect.
c) accusative of direct object.
d) nominative of apposition.
35. In line 98, Achilles acknowledges that he is destined to
a) die soon.
b) save Patroclus from death.
c) allow Hector’s father to ransom Hector’s body.
d) live a long life and make his mother happy.
36. In line 99, what tense, voice, and case does the participle κτεινομένῳ exhibit?
a) present passive dative
b) present middle genitive
c) aorist middle dative
d) future active dative
37. The Attic Greek form of the personal pronoun ἐμεῖο (line 100) would likely be
a) ἐμεῖο
b) ἐμέ
c) μοι
d) ἐμοῦ
38. In line 100, the form of γενέσθαι is
a) present infinitive middle.
b) aorist infinitive middle.
c) feminine plural nominative participle.
d) aorist infinitive active.
7
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
39. Based on your reading of this passage and knowledge of the Iliad and of the subsequent
legend of the Trojan War in other epic poetry, which of these follows directly from what
Achilles says in lines 79-93 and 98-100?
a) Poseidon saves Aeneas from being killed by Achilles.
b) Achilles dies at the hands of the Trojan prince Paris.
c) Achilles kills many young Trojan fighters in the river Xanthus.
d) Hera and Hephaestus restrain the river Xanthus as it fights Achilles.
40. According to your reading of this passage, Homer portrays Achilles and Patroclus as
a) mere comrades-in-arms.
b) respectful friends.
c) acquainted rival countrymen.
d) inseparable soul-mates.
ΤΕΛΟΣ
THE END
8
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
TEAR OFF THESE PAGES AND CONSULT THE PASSAGE AS YOU TAKE EXAM
NOTE: Vocabulary help appears underneath the Greek word(s). Proper nouns and
adjectives are glossed at the end of the passage.
Achilles laments Hector’s slaying of his beloved comrade Patroclus and vows to his mother
Thetis to avenge Patroclus’ death by killing the Trojan prince Hector in turn.
Homer Iliad 18.70-100
70
τῷ δὲ βαρὺ στενάχοντι παρίστατο πότνια μήτηρ,
βαρύ (adverb formed from βαρύς, -εῖα, -ύ) heavily, deeply
στενάχω: groan, moan
71
παρίστημι: stand beside πότνια: lady
ὀξὺ δὲ κωκύσασα κάρη λάβε παιδὸς ἑοῖο,
ὀξύ (adverb formed from ὀξύς, -εῖα, -ύ): shrilly, piercingly
κωκύω: to cry out in grief or distress
κάρη, τό: head
72
καί ῥ’ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·
ὀλοφύρομαι: to mourn, grieve
πτερόεις, -εντος: winged (of words)
προσαυδάω: to speak, utter, address
73
τέκνον, τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος;
κλαίω: to weep, wail
φρήν, φρενός, ἡ: heart
πένθος, -εος, τό: grief, woe, sorrow
ἱκνέομαι: to come upon, seize, affect
74
ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε· τὰ μὲν δή τοι τετέλεσται
ἐξαυδάω: to speak out
τελέω: to accomplish, fulfill, bring to pass
κεύθω: to conceal one's thoughts, withhold speech
75
ἐκ Διός, ὡς ἄρα ὴ πρίν γ’ εὔχεο χεῖρας ἀνασχών,
πρίν: before, previously
ἀνέχω: to lift up in prayer
εὔχομαι: pray (for)
9
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
76
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
πάντας ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἀλήμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν
πρύμνη, ἡ: a ship's stern
ἀλήμεναι: aor. pass. inf. of εἴλω: to hem in, pen in, (of a body of foes)
77
σεῦ ἐπιδευομένους, παθέειν τ’ ἀεκήλια ἔργα.
ἐπιδεύομαι: to lack, find or feel the want of ἀεκήλιος, -ον: baneful, baleful
78
τὴν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·
ὠκύς, -εῖα, -ύ: quick, swift
79
μῆτερ ἐμή, τὰ μὲν ἄρ μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἐξετέλεσσεν·
ἐκτελέω: to bring to completion
80
ἀλλὰ τί μοι τῶν ἦδος, ἐπεὶ φίλος ὤλεθ’ ἑταῖρος
ἦδος, τό: pleasure, profit, satisfaction
81
Πάτροκλος, τὸν ἐγὼ περὶ πάντων τῖον ἑταίρων
τίω: honor, esteem, respect
82
ἶσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ; τὸν ἀπώλεσα, τεύχεα δ’ Ἕκτωρ
ἀπόλλυμι: to lose
83
δῃώσας ἀπέδυσε πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι
δηιόω: to kill, slay
πελώριος, -α, -ον: of uncommon size or strength
ἀποδύω: to strip off
84
τεύχεα, τά: armor, arms
θαῦμα, -ατος, τό: a wonder or marvel
καλά· τὰ μὲν Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα
ἀγλαός, -ή, -όν: goodly, fine, splendid
85
ἤματι τῷ ὅτε σε βροτοῦ ἀνέρος ἔμβαλον εὐνῇ.
ἤμαρ, ἤματος, ἡ: day
βροτός, -ή, -όν: liable to death, mortal
εὐνή, ῆς, -ἡ: the marriage bed
ἐμβάλλω: to cause to fall or come into; cast into
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ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
86
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
αἴθ’ ὄφελες σὺ μὲν αὖθι μετ’ ἀθανάτῃς ἁλίῃσι
αἴθε: (expressing a wish with)
αὖθι: on the spot, at once ἄλιος, -α, -ον: of the sea
ὀφέλλω: would that you were... ἀθανάτη, -ης, -ἡ: goddess, female divinity
87
ναίειν, Πηλεὺς δὲ θνητὴν ἀγαγέσθαι ἄκοιτιν.
ναίω: to dwell, live, have one's abode
ἄκοιτις, ἡ: wife
θνητός, -ή, -όν: mortal, liable to death
88
νῦν δ’ ἵνα καὶ σοὶ πένθος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μυρίον εἴη
πένθος, -εος, τό: grief, woe, sorrow
89
παιδὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο, τὸν οὐχ ὑποδέξεαι αὖτις
ἀποφθίω: (in the passive voice) to perish, die
αὖτις: back again
ὑποδέχομαι: to receive, welcome
90
οἴκαδε νοστήσαντ’, ἐπεὶ οὐδ’ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἀνώγει
νοστέω: to return home, reach one’s home
91
ἀνώγω: bid, exhort, urge, desire
ζώειν οὐδ’ ἄνδρεσσι μετέμμεναι, αἴ κε μὴ Ἕκτωρ
μέτειμι: to be among, consort with
αἴ κε μή: unless, except on condition that
92
πρῶτος ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ,
τύπτω: to strike, smite, wound
ὄλλυμι: to lose one's life, perish
δόρυ, δουρός, τό: spear
93
Πατρόκλοιο δ’ ἕλωρα Μενοιτιάδεω ἀποτείσῃ.
ἕλωρ, τό: object of prey or despoiling
11
ἀποτίνω: to pay the penalty for
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
94
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
τὸν δ’ αὖτε προσέειπε Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·
αὖτε: in reply προσέειπον: to speak to, accost
χέω: to shed, let fall
δάκρυ, τό: a tear
95
ὠκύμορος δή μοι, τέκος, ἔσσεαι, οἷ’ ἀγορεύεις·
ὠκύμορος, -ον: on whom fate is coming swiftly, doomed to an early death
τέκος, τό: child (as addressed by a parent) ἀγορεύω: to utter, say
96
αὐτίκα γάρ τοι ἔπειτα μεθ’ Ἕκτορα πότμος ἑτοῖμος.
αὐτίκα: forthwith, straightaway, at once
πότμος, -ου, ὁ: evil fate or destiny, bane, death
ἑτοῖμος, , -η, ον: awaiting (one)
97
τὴν δὲ μέγ’ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·
ὀχθέω: to be moved in mind or spirit
πρόσφημι: to speak to, address, accost
98
αὐτίκα τεθναίην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρ’ ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳ
99
κτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι· ὃ μὲν μάλα τηλόθι πάτρης
ἐπαμύνω: to defend, protect
τηλόθι: far (away) from
πάτρη, -ης, ἡ: fatherland, birthplace, home
100
ἔφθιτ’, ἐμεῖο δὲ δῆσεν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα γενέσθαι.
φθί(ν)ω: (in the passive voice): to perish, die
ἀλκτήρ, -ῆρος, ὁ: protector (against)
ἀρή, -ῆς, ἡ : bane, harm
12
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
HOMERIC GREEK - ILIAD
Proper Nouns and Adjectives:
Ἀχαιοί, Ἀχαιῶν, οἱ: the Achaeans (a name for the Greeks)
Ἀχιλλεύς, Ἀχιλλῆος, ὁ: Achilles (Achilleus), king of the Myrmidons and the greatest Greek hero of the Trojan War
Ἕκτωρ, Ἕκτορος, ὁ: Hector (Hektor), prince of Troy, son of Priam and Hecuba, husband of Andromache, and the
greatest Trojan hero of the Trojan War
Θέτις, Θέτιδος, ἡ: Thetis, one of the 50 Nereids, mother of Achilles, wife of Peleus
Μενοιτιάδης, -ου, ὁ: patronymic epithet of Patroclus, son of Menoitios.
Ὀλύμπιος, -ου, ὁ: the Olympian (in the singular, this usually refers to Zeus, king of the Olympian gods)
Πάτροκλος, -ου, ὁ: Patroclus (Patroklos), boyfriend (according to Plato's Symposium and the works of several other
ancient authors), erastes or “lover”, close comrade-in-arms, and Myrmidon countryman of Achilles
Πηλεύς, -εώς, ὁ: Peleus, leader of the Argonauts, husband of Thetis and father of Achilles
Ζεύς, Διός, ὁ: Zeus, king of the Olympian gods; god of the sky, thunder, and fate
13
2022 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION ANSWER KEY
American Classical League
860 NW Washington Blvd Suite A
Hamilton, OH 45013
(513) 529-7741 • Fax (513) 529-7742
info@aclclassics.org
Median Scores
Introduction to GreekBeginning Attic GreekIntermediate Attic GreekIntroduction
to Greek
Beginning
Greek
Homeric Greek OdysseyHomeric Greek IliadIntermediate
Attic Greek
Homeric
Odyssey
Attic ProseAttic Tragedy-
Homeric
Iliad
Hom. Il.
18.70-100
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D
Michael Cowett, 149 Grove Street, Kingston, MA 02364. greekexam@aclclassics.org
Attic
Prose
Biblical
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
νοῦν μὲγ’ ἄριστος καὶ γλῶσσαν
2022
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION
ATTIC PROSE
TIME: 50 MINUTES DO NOT USE DICTIONARY
1) In the upper lefthand corner, fill in the boxes with your name (last, first) and fill in the
corresponding bubbles below each box.
2) In the lower left-hand corner under “special codes”, fill in the boxes with your school
number. Your examiner will give you your school number. Fill in the corresponding bubbles
below each box.
3) In the lower right box under “exam type”, write the exam name (PROSE).
4) In the vertical column in the middle, fill in the bubble for your current grade level.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT: Mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. Answers not
bubbled on the answer sheet will not be scored. There is only one correct answer/choice for each
question. Choose the best possible answer.
Remember:
Use a #2 pencil only.
Fill in the bubbles on the answer sheet completely and neatly.
Erase unwanted answers on the answer sheet completely.
Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet.
καλὴ εὐτυχία!
1. In line 1, what is the syntax of the infinitive εἶναι?
a) indirect statement
b) complementary infinitive
c) supplementary infinitive
d) natural result clause
2. In line 1, the form of ἔμπειρον is
a) neuter accusative singular.
b) masculine nominative singular.
c) neuter nominative singular.
d) masculine accusative singular.
1
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
3. In line 2, what is the tense of the infinitive καθεωρακέναι?
a) present
b) future
c) perfect
d) aorist
4. In line 2, what is the antecedent of the pronoun αὐτοῖς?
a) Γοργία (line 1)
b) λόγων (line 1)
c) the implied subject of καθεωρακέναι (line 2)
d) the implied subject of οἶμαι (line 1)
5. In line 2, τὸ τοιόνδε is
a) accusative of duration of time.
b) referring to Gorgias.
c) the subject of καθεωρακέναι.
d) the direct object of καθεωρακέναι.
6. In lines 1-2, Socrates says that he thinks that Gorgias
a) has made a mistake in his previous remarks.
b) has a great deal of experience with discussions.
c) will take what Socrates has to say badly.
d) will soon see the logic of Socrates' arguments.
7. In line 4, the tense of the participles μαθόντες and διδάξαντες is
a) present.
b) future.
c) perfect.
d) aorist.
8. In line 4, what do the participles μαθόντες and διδάξαντες agree with?
a) συνουσίας (line 5)
b) the subject of δύνανται (line 3)
c) αὐτοῖς (line 2)
d) ἑαυτούς (line 5)
2
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
9. In line 5, the best translation for ἑαυτούς is
a) them.
b) themselves.
c) the others.
d) whomsover.
10. In line 5, the case of συνουσίας is
a. nominative.
b. genitive.
c. accusative.
d. either genitive or accusative.
11. In lines 2-5, what does Socrates tells Gorgias?
a) It is hard for discussions about complicated matters to reach a successful end.
b) In every discussion, some people learn, while others teach.
c) Teaching and learning are easy if the subject is clearly defined.
d) Discussions about complex subjects are always a waste of time.
12. In line 6, what is the syntax of ἀμφισβητήσωσιν?
a) result clause
b) present general condition
c) future less-vivid condition
d) past contrary-to-fact condition
13. In line 6, the tense and mood of ἀμφισβητήσωσιν are
a) future indicative.
b) perfect optative.
c) present subjunctive.
d) aorist subjunctive.
14. In line 6, του is a(n)
a) indefinite pronoun.
b) interrogative pronoun.
c) relative pronoun.
d) definite article.
3
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
15. In line 6, τὸν ἕτερον is
a) the direct object of λέγειν (line 7).
b) the subject of the verb φῇ (line 6).
c) the accusative subject of λέγειν (line 7).
d) the direct object of χαλεπαίνουσί (line 7).
16. In lines 6-7, the best translation for καὶ μὴ φῇ ὁ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον ὀρθῶς λέγειν ἢ
μὴ σαφῶς is
a) and one says he cannot rightly or clearly understand what the other is trying to say.
b) and one says the other isn't speaking rightly or clearly.
c) and one does not agree with the other when he speaks rightly or clearly.
d) and someone says the two of them aren't speaking rightly or clearly.
17. In line 8, τόν
a) refers to the former of the two engaged in the conversation.
b) is the accusative object of λέγειν (line 8).
c) is the accusative subject of λέγειν (line 8).
d) refers to φθόνον (line 7).
18. In lines 7-8, Socrates says people in a conversation often become annoyed because
a) they do not like be contradicted.
b) they suspect some sophist’s trick.
c) they grow tired of the topic.
d) they think the others are interested in winning the argument rather investigating the
issue.
19. In line 8, the participles φιλονικοῦντας and ζητοῦντας are in the accusative case
because
a) they agree with τὸ προκείμενον (line 9).
b) they are the subject of an indirect statement.
c) they agree with the implied accusative subject of διαλύεσθαι (line 5).
d) they are in an absolute construction.
20. In line 10, the best translation for ὅτι is
a) whatever.
b) because.
c) that.
d) whenever.
4
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
21. In line 10, the best translation for φοβοῦμαι οὖν διελέγχειν σε is
a) I am accordingly afraid that you will refute me.
b) I am accordingly afraid that you have refuted yourself.
c) I am accordingly afraid to cross-examine you.
d) You are therefore afraid that you will be refuted by me.
22. In line 11, the tense and mood of ὑπολάβῃς is
a) present optative.
b) future optative.
c) present subjunctive.
d) aorist subjunctive.
23. In line 11, φιλονικοῦντα agrees with
a) πρᾶγμα (line 11).
b) σε (line 10).
c) με (line 11).
d) the subject of φοβοῦμαι (line 10).
24. In line 12, the expression τοῦ καταφανὲς γενέσθαι is
a) an articular infinitive showing purpose.
b) a genitive of separation.
c) a genitive absolute showing purpose.
d) a genitive of comparison.
25. In line 12, the adjective καταφανὲς agrees with
a) πρᾶγμα (line 11).
b) σε (line 10).
c) με (line 11).
d) the subject of φοβοῦμαι (line 10).
26. In line 12, ἐγώ is
a) the subject of εἶ (line 13).
b) the subject of διερωτῴην (line 14).
c) vocative.
d) agreeing with ἡδέως (line 13).
5
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
27. In line 13, Socrates wants to know if Gorgias
a) feels it is worthwhile to converse with people who are not like himself.
b) has met people like him before.
c) is the same kind of person he is.
d) is annoyed by people like him.
28. In line 14, the mood of the verbs διερωτῴην and ἐῴην is
a) indicative.
b) optative.
c) subjunctive.
d) imperative.
29. In line 14, Socrates offers
a) to continue conversing with Gorgias, but to change the subject, if that is what Gorgias
prefers.
b) to find someone else to question, if Gorgias thinks it would be better to drop the
conversation.
c) to drop the matter, if Gorgias is indeed not like himself when it comes to investigating
a subject.
d) to let another pair of people take over the conversation, if that would suit Gorgias.
30. In line 15, ἀληθές is
a) neuter accusative singular.
b) masculine accusative singular.
c) masculine nominative plural.
d) feminine accusative plural.
31. In lines 15-16, the two participles ἐλεγχθέντων and ἐλεγξάντων are genitive because
they
a) pick up the sense of τίνων (line 14).
b) are genitive absolutes.
c) are objective genitives.
d) are subjective genitives.
32. In lines 15-16, the participle ἐλεγχθέντων is ____ and the participle ἐλεγξάντων is
___.
a) active, active
b) passive, passive
c) active, passive
d) passive, active
6
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
33. In line 17, the gender, case, and number of the adjective ψευδής is
a) masculine nominative singular.
b) feminine nominative singular.
c) feminine genitive singular.
d) neuter nominative plural.
34. In line 18, a good translation for περὶ ὧν τυγχάνει νῦν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος ὤν would be
a) "about what we happen to be discussing right now."
b) "about matters which are a popular topic of conversation these days."
c) "about subjects which are a noble topic of conversation for us."
d) "about things have been on my mind for a while now."
35. In lines 16-18, Socrates says he thinks that there is no evil greater than
a) associating with the wrong people.
b) quarreling with people about trivial matters.
c) disappointing someone by arguing in bad faith.
d) having a wrong opinion about the matter at hand.
36. In the middle of line 18, ὤν is
a) a relative pronoun.
b) a supplementary participle with τυγχάνει.
c) an interrogative pronoun.
d) an indefinite pronoun.
37. In line 19, τοιοῦτος is nominative because it
a) is referring to λόγος (line 18).
b) is referring to δόξα (line 17).
c) is referring to σύ (line 18).
d) is referring to Socrates.
38. In line 19, διαλεγώμεθα is
a) hortatory subjunctive.
b) potential optative.
c) imperative mood.
d) indicative mood.
7
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
39. In line 19, by εἰ δὲ καὶ δοκεῖ χρῆναι ἐᾶν Socrates means
a) "If you think it is advisable to drop our conversation . . . "
b) "Whenever you think it is advisable to drop our conversation . . . "
c) "It may be advisable to drop our conversation right now."
d) "Since others may think it is advisable to drop our conversation."
40. In line 23, ὑφηγῇ is
a) second person singular imperfect.
b) second person singular present.
c) third person singular present.
d) third person singular imperfect.
ΤΕΛΟΣ
THE END
8
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
TEAR OFF THIS PAGE AND CONSULT THE PASSAGE AS YOU TAKE EXAM.
NOTE: Vocabulary help appears underneath the Greek word(s).
In conversation with his interlocutor Gorgias, Socrates reflects on how and why a philosophical
discussion can go wrong.
1
Σωκράτης: οἶμαι, ὦ Γοργία, καὶ σὲ ἔμπειρον εἶναι πολλῶν λόγων
ἔμπειρος, -α, -ον (+gen.): experienced in
2
λόγων: conversations
καὶ καθεωρακέναι ἐν αὐτοῖς τὸ τοιόνδε: ὅτι οὐ ῥᾳδίως
καθοράω: witness, notice
3
δύνανται περὶ ὧν ἂν ἐπιχειρήσωσι διαλέγεσθαι
δύνανται: complementary inf. is διαλύεσθαι (line 5)
ἐπιχειρέω (+inf.): attempt to
4
διορισάμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ μαθόντες καὶ διδάξαντες
διορισάμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους: defining for each other
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ἑαυτούς, οὕτω διαλύεσθαι τὰς συνουσίας, ἀλλ᾽ ἐὰν
διαλύω: conclude
6
συνουσία, -ας, ἡ: conversation
περί του ἀμφισβητήσωσι καὶ μὴ φῇ ὁ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον
ἀμφισβητέω: disagree
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ὁ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον: "one . . . the other"
ὀρθῶς λέγειν ἢ μὴ σαφῶς, χαλεπαίνουσί τε καὶ κατὰ φθόνον
χαλεπαίνω: be annoyed
φθόνος, -ου, ὁ: ill-will, jealousy
8
οἴονται τὸν ἑαυτῶν λέγειν, φιλονικοῦντας ἀλλ᾽ οὐ ζητοῦντας
τὸν ἑαυτῶν: the other
φιλονεικέω: be contentious
ζητέω: seek the truth, enquire into
9
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
9
ATTIC PROSE
τὸ προκείμενον ἐν τῷ λόγῳ. […] τοῦ δὴ ἕνεκα λέγω
προκείμενον, -ου, τό: topic, matter under discussion τοῦ = τίνος
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ταῦτα; ὅτι νῦν [ . . . ] φοβοῦμαι οὖν διελέγχειν σε,
διελέγχω: refute, cross-examine
11
μή με ὑπολάβῃς οὐ πρὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα φιλονικοῦντα λέγειν
ὑπολαμβάνω: suspect
12
τοῦ καταφανὲς γενέσθαι, ἀλλὰ πρὸς σέ. [458α] ἐγὼ οὖν,
καταφανής, -ές: clear
13
εἰ μὲν καὶ σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ καὶ ἐγώ, ἡδέως ἄν
ἡδύς, -εῖα, -ύ: pleasant, sweet
14
σε διερωτῴην: εἰ δὲ μή, ἐῴην ἄν. ἐγὼ δὲ τίνων εἰμί;
διερωτῴην < διά + ἐρωτάω
ἐάω: let go, drop
15
τῶν ἡδέως μὲν ἂν ἐλεγχθέντων εἴ τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω, ἡδέως
16
δ᾽ ἂν ἐλεγξάντων εἴ τίς τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγοι. […] οὐδὲν γὰρ οἶμαι
17
τοσοῦτον κακὸν εἶναι ἀνθρώπῳ, ὅσον δόξα ψευδὴς
18
περὶ ὧν τυγχάνει νῦν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος ὤν. εἰ μὲν οὖν καὶ σὺ φῂς
19
τοιοῦτος εἶναι, διαλεγώμεθα: εἰ δὲ καὶ δοκεῖ χρῆναι ἐᾶν,
20
ἐῶμεν ἤδη χαίρειν καὶ διαλύωμεν τὸν λόγον.
ἐῶμεν ἤδη χαίρειν: "let's just say good-bye already."
10
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2022
ATTIC PROSE
21
Γοργίας:
22
ἀλλὰ φημὶ μὲν ἔγωγε, ὦ Σώκρατες, καὶ αὐτὸς τοιοῦτος εἶναι οἷον σὺ
23
ὑφηγῇ.
ὑφηγέομαι: indicate
11
2022 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION ANSWER KEY
American Classical League
860 NW Washington Blvd Suite A
Hamilton, OH 45013
(513) 529-7741 • Fax (513) 529-7742
info@aclclassics.org
Median Scores
Introduction to GreekBeginning Attic GreekIntermediate Attic GreekIntroduction
to Greek
Beginning
Greek
Homeric Greek OdysseyHomeric Greek IliadIntermediate
Attic Greek
Homeric
Odyssey
Homeric
Iliad
Attic ProseAttic TragedyAttic
Prose
Plato, Gorgias
457c-458b
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Michael Cowett, 149 Grove Street, Kingston, MA 02364. greekexam@aclclassics.org
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Biblical