Tuesday, January 10
Unit 5: DNA, RNA and Protein
2.2
DNA Structure & Function Notes
nucleic acids
central dogma of biology
Organism
●
All living organisms contain
Cell
●
___________
●
Eukaryotic organisms are
made of _________ cells
●
Prokaryotic organisms are
made of ______ cell
●
All cells contain
________________ except
reproductive cells (______ and
______)
●
Eukaryotic organisms store
DNA inside the ___________
of cells
Double Helix
●
●
The nucleus _____________
DNA from being
_____________________
_________________
●
DNA in prokaryotic
organisms is
__________________, which
means it is _____________
DNA is a very _________
molecule
To save space inside tiny
cells, DNA is stored in the
form of a
●
DNA contains ______
strands that are organized
in _______________
directions
Base Pairs
●
The bases form _____________________
○
____ bonds with ____
○
____ bonds with ____
Nucleotide
●
DNA is made up of repeating units called
____________________
●
A single nucleotide contains ____ parts
★ The order of DNA bases provides the code
for building ________________
●
★ The order of DNA bases produces
______________________ within
organisms (human to human) and
between organisms (human to tree)
●
The ________ and ________________ form
the backbone of the DNA strands
The part of the DNA nucleotide that bonds
together are called ___________________
●
The bases are connected in the middle by
____________ bonds
Structure of DNA
Practice #1
__ 1. DNA is made up of repeating monomers called _________________________
__ 2. The function of DNA is to store _________________________
__ 3. The shape of DNA is called a _________________________
__ 4. In eukaryotic cells, like animals, DNA is stored inside the _________________________
__ 5. In prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, DNA is _________________________
__ 6. The bases that are purines are ___________________ and ___________________
__ 7. The bases that are pyrimidines are ___________________ and ___________________
__ 8. How many carbon rings do purines have? ____ How many carbon rings do pyrimidines have? ____
__ 9. The 3 parts of a nucleotide are called ___________, _________________ and ___________________________
__ 10. The type of bonds that connect the two DNA strands are called _________________ bonds
__ 11. Which part of a nucleotide bonds together to connect the 2 DNA strands? _______________________________
__ 12. What are the DNA base pairs? (use letters) ___ bonds with ___ / ___ bonds with ___
__ 13. What does DNA provide instructions for building? _____________________
__ 14. Create your own DNA sequence using the 4 DNA letters below:
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
__ 15. The part of the DNA nucleotide that is being sequenced is the ________________________________
Base Pairs- _________________________________________________
Practice #2
Label the following diagram. Use “S” for sugar and “P”
for phosphate. Use the first letter of each DNA base.
Practice #3
Fill in the strand of DNA by writing the base pair
that belongs with each DNA letter
Count the number of each letter for the entire
DNA molecule in the example above:
A
T
C
G
Finish this sentence:
“The number of A in DNA is always ____________ to
the number of T, and the number of G is always
____________ to the number of C.”
DNA Sequencing is ______________________________________________________
☆ If a DNA strand contains 20% adenine, what percent of
the bases would be thymine?
______________________________________________________________________
like this: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
●
●
The entire human genome is _______________________ base pairs
DNA sequencing can be used in _____________________,
_____________________,
_____________________, _____________________, & _____________________
Circle ONE nucleotide in the image above
☆ On the same DNA strand that contains 20% adenine,
what percent of the bases would be guanine?