Psych212 Week1
5/5/2016 1:34:00 AM
History of Educational Psychology
William James
o
<Principles of Psychology> 1st psychology book
give lectures called Talks to Teachers – applications of psychology to educating children
oppose lab experiments and argue for the importance of observing teaching and learning
in classrooms for improving education
*Start lessons at a point just beyond student’s level of understanding to stretch their
minds
Sir Francis Galton
o
Eugenics (good genes)
o
Measure intelligence through reaction time
o
Humans should have selective breeding
Faster reaction time = more intelligent
Introduced correlation and regression methods
John Dewey
o
Established 1st educational psychology laboratory in the US – university of Chicago (1894)
o
Functional psychology
o
Education as social experience
o
Learning as active process
Opposed to passively learning, believed children learn best by doing
*children should learn how to be reflective problem solvers
not only academics, but also think and adapt to a world outside of school
o
Students needs to be interested and needs to have a choice of what they are learning
o
One of the first to push for equal education: Girls & Boys, different socioeconomic and ethnic
groups
E.L. Thorndike
o
Emphasize on assessment and measurement and promoted the scientific underpinnings of learning
*Educational psychology must have a scientific base and that it should focus strongly on
measurement
o
Excelled at doing exacting scientific studies of teaching and learning
Thinks One of schooling’s most important tasks is to sharpen children’s reasoning skills
Stanley Hall
o
1st American to earn a PhD in psychology at Harvard
o
1982 – first president of the American Psychological Association
o
student of W. James
contributed to growth of the field
Gender Stereotypes: by separating boys and girls, it will provide the best education
Boys for education, and girls on household things
Wants society to have structure
Albert Binet
o
Applied experimental method to educational psychology
o
Brought formal assessment to education
Asked to develop a test that will identify whether student will succeed in education or not
The first IQ test
o
1903: “L’Etude experimentale de I’intelligence”
o
1904: Appointed the Minister of Public Education
WWI – demand for a systematic method of evaluating the intellectual and emotional functioning of soldiers
Early Women Rights movements in US and Canada
Immigration: Diversity of languages, skills, values, cultures, beliefs
Feminist Voices: Katherine Banham (1897-1995)
o
Born UK, 1923 moved to Canada
o
1934 University of Montreal – 1st women to have PhD
o
1946 Duke university – 1st female psychologist in psychology department
o
Inspired by W. James & A. Binet
o
Emotional development, infancy
Concerns of Beginning Teachers
Student’s needs:
o
Classroom discipline
o
Student’s motivation
o
Parental demands
o
Accommodating different needs
o
Support diversity
Teacher’s needs:
o
Student’s compliance
o
Time management
o
Fitting in with colleagues
o
Professional growth
o
Meeting expectations
Scientific Study of Teaching and Learning
Aspects of human development
Diversity and Inclusion
Emotions, motivation, mental health
Assessment
Applications of research
Research Process & Teaching
The science of educational psychology seeks to sort fact from fancy by using particular research
methodologies for obtaining information
The art of educational psychology lies in translating evidence – based information into viable and effective
classroom practice
Canadian Classroom
Canadian classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse
o
Abilities/Disabilities
4/20 students have mental problem
10+/80
in a class of these, you will have this amount of student that have mental
problem
o
Cultural, ethnical and religious diversity
o
Religious backgrounds
o
Support level (financial, parental and community)
Why Research
Educational Psychology is a Science
The need for data-driven decisions
Data-literacy is becoming a training requirement
Evidence based practices in education
Examples:
o
Homework: is homework helpful
Homework helps student do better
ADHD have a hard time concentrating, and have a hard time doing homework
o
Skipping/repeating grades: benefits/risks
Emotional concerns because they are much younger in developmental than peers
o
How and when should students get help
o
Inclusive Education: planning and instruction
o
Use of technology: what technological advances can be used for education
Types of Research
Qualitative - when you are trying to describe a phenomenon, so you want in-depth understanding. (usually
don’t use heavy math model to analyze)
o
Ethnography
Ex. Studying aboriginal, go to somewhere faced with aboriginal culture, but not really
collecting data or measuring, more heavily on talking with the people and describe it
o
Case study/focus group
Used to be very popular method
o
Phenomenology
o
Grounded Theory
Quantitative (guaranteed some statistic measures involved)
o
Descriptive
o
Quasi-Experimental
o
Comparing experimental groups
Ex. group of boys and group of girls
You can’t really control
Experimental
o
Collect data, then publish the statistics
When you can control which subject goes to which group
Program Evaluation
Evaluating something
Methodology – Mixed (most research would be mixed)
Descriptive Studies (surveys, observations)
Correlational Studies
Experimental Studies
o
Longitudinal (same group long time)
o
Cross-sectional
o
Action (systematic observation of methods)
o
Single-Subject Studies (ABAB)
05.05.2016 1:34:00
05.05.2016 1:34:00
0
