10
English
Quarter 2 – Module 1.1:
Research Problem Matters
English – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Module 1.1: Research Problem Matters
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad
Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Development Team of the Module
Writers
1. CHRISTINE V. ADAYO
2. MELISSA B. BARCIA
3. MARIANETH B. BAÑARES
4. MARY JEAN L. BAS
5. APHRODITE A. BECHAYDA
6. JOVITO A. BRIONES, JR.
7. AURA MARIE B. BROBIO
8. CHEENEE H. BUAL
9. MARIA ALPHA B. CAUAN
10. MARIVIC L. DALAGUIT
11. RAISSA P. HERRERA
12. MA. CHRISTINA D. LUCENA
13. IRENE A. MARQUEZ
14. COLEEN GAY O. MORA
15. AMY N. NAPAY
16. JEFFRY VON O. OBSEQUIO
17. JUSTINE N. RICO
Editors
zzzz
1. SALOME L. ALTAVANO
2. MARIA JOVITA O. MARISCOTES
3. AMALIA M. ROS
Reviewer: MAI ANNE D. RONDOLA
Illustrator: N/A
Layout Artist:
1. JEFFRY VON O. OBSEQUIO
2. JUSTINE N. RICO
CONTENT GUIDE
These are the different parts of the module and what you need to know about them.
Rationale
It provides you with a brief introduction regarding what you will learn and discover in
the module.
Try- Out
This is a short quiz that will test if you already have an idea about the skills you will
learn in the module.
Look Back
This provides you with an activity that will strengthen the skill you learned from the
previous module.
Building Your Vocabulary
This part unlocks the meaning of difficult words you will encounter in the texts or
discussions that follow.
Study These
It provides you with mini lessons or inputs about a concept or content. These provide
you with questions, activities, and exercises that will help you discover and
understand the lessons presented.
Post Activities
This can be a question, fill in the blank sentence/paragraph to process what you
learned from the lessons.
Real-Life Scenario
An activity that will transfer your skills/knowledge gained or learned into real-life
concerns/situations.
Test Yourself
A ten-item test will evaluate if you were able to master all the skills discussed in the
module.
Enrich Yourself
An activity in any form that can increase/strengthen your response and tends to let
you repeat actions/learning.
Key to Correction
This lists all the correct answers and helps you check your answers. Remember to
only look on this page if the module tells you to do so.
English 10 Module
RESEARCH PROBLEM MATTERS
MELC 1.1 Observe the language of research campaigns, and
advocacies.
Second Quarter, Module 1.1
1
I.
Introduction
Rationale
As you go on with your life, there are complicated problems that you may
encounter which need long term solutions. To prepare you for these challenges, this
module provides you with activities that will develop and enhance your critical
thinking and writing skills.
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
•
•
•
•
observe the language of research
get familiar with the technical terms used in a research problem
determine a good research topic
write research problem
II.
Pre-Test
Try-Out
Let us first assess how knowledgeable you are regarding the topics to be
discussed in this module. Do not pressure yourself; just answer the test to the best of
your knowledge and ability.
Read each item carefully. Choose only the letter of your answer. Write your
answers on a one-fourth sheet of paper.
_____ 1. Which of the following is not considered a good research question?
a. What features do most popular national parks have in common?
b. What factors have influenced population growth in the fastest growing
countries?
c. What effect do social media have on people’s minds?
d. What effects does daily use of Twitter have on the attention span of under16s?
_____ 2. All of these are ways to limit and narrow your research topic except
a.
b.
c.
d.
by geographical area
by interest
by culture
by time frame
_____ 3. Which of the following is a strong thesis statement?
2
a. A healthy diet is important because it increases energy, prevents illness
and promotes well-being in all people.
b. A healthy diet is important.
c. People should include eight servings of fruits and vegetables in their diet
everyday.
d. Bananas are one of the most nutritious foods on earth.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if is not.
4. The first and most important step in any research is to identify and
delineate the research problem.
5. Internet is the most useful and accessible source of information in
research.
Arrange the following steps in formulating a research problem by numbering the
sentences from 1-5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
______ Raise research questions
______ Formulate objectives
______ Dissect the broad area into sub-areas
______ Identify a broad research area of your interest
______ Select one of the sub-areas
Alright! If you are done answering, refer to the answer key to see if you were able
to get the correct answer.
Awesome!! You’re now done with the Pre-Test! Are you now ready for an exciting
learning adventure? Let us now discover our lesson.
III.
Lesson Proper
Look Back
Let’s have a review first of the skills you developed in the previous module by
answering this question.
How will you assess if the listening text is valid, accurate, relevant and with
adequate information? Explain your answer by writing a short paragraph on a half
sheet of paper.
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3
If you think you find it difficult to answer, don’t worry dear student. You can go
back to the last module to answer it more effectively.
Activity 1
Building Your Vocabulary
Before we start our discussion, there are some terms you need to be familiar
with for better understanding of our topic.
Identify the word defined in each item. Choose from the word pool. Write your
answer on a half sheet of paper.
Methodology
Research Problem
Research Topic
Thesis Statement
Objectives
Questionnaire
Research
Personal Interviews
Research Question
Sources
____________________ 1. It is the subject or issue that a researcher is interested in
when conducting a research.
____________________ 2. These are materials from which the writer gathers ideas
and information.
____________________ 3. It is a face to face survey method that is utilized when a
specific target population is involved.
____________________ 4. It is a sentence that expresses the main idea of a
research paper.
____________________ 5. It is a research instrument consisting of a series of
questions in gathering information from the respondents.
____________________ 6. It is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection
of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that
data or information, in accordance with suitable methodologies.
____________________ 7. It is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to
be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in
scholarly literature for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
____________________ 8. It is an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or
issue.
____________________ 9.These are specific statements that define measurable
outcomes to achieve the desired outcome.
____________________ 10. It is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods
applied to field of study.
You did it well! I’m sure that you are ready with our discussion.
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1. Discussion of Activity 1
Study These
Motivation:
Observe the picture.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/Ad8U_YguXJQ/UGu5gQrASkI/AAAAAAAACJ8/OfXuAt5y
FOE/s1600/Poor+Cart.jpg
On a half sheet of paper, answer the following questions based from the picture.
1. What is the picture about?
______________________________________________________________
2. Can you consider the content there as a topic for research? Why?
______________________________________________________________
3. How do you develop a good research topic?
______________________________________________________________
Presentation
The ability to develop a good research topic is an important skill. Most often
you are the one allowed to select a topic of your interest. The research topic must be
narrow and focused enough to be significant or interesting yet broad enough to find
adequate and comprehensive information.
So how are you going to select and limit your topic for research? Let us find
out.
Here are the steps in selecting and limiting a research topic:
1. Brainstorm for Ideas – Choose a topic that interests you.
What local treasure or heritage in the community would you like to research
on? Why does it interest you and what would you like to know more about it?
Do you have an opinion about the local treasure or heritage?
2. Identify the Sources of General Background Information – Choose
sources where you can gather information about your topic.
What sources of information can you use to gather information? Who can help
you in providing information about the topic? Can you use the library,
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
magazines, journals, periodicals, or the internet to collect information? Do you
know any organization that can help you in gathering information?
Focus on Your Topic – A topic will very difficult to research if it is too broad
or too narrow. Some common ways to limit a topic are: by geographical area,
by culture, by time frame, by discipline and by population group.
What specific area or factor of a local treasure or heritage in the community
would you focus your research on? Why did you decide to focus on that
specific area or aspect? Who is affected by the topic?
Make a List of Useful Keywords – Find key concepts to widen your search
capabilities.
What are the keywords that you can use to best describe your topic?
Be Flexible – It is common to modify your topic during the research process.
You may find too much and need to narrow your focus, or too little and need
to broaden your focus.
What are the considerations or adjustments that you would do if ever there is
a need to modify your research topic?
Define your topic as a Focused Research Question – You will often begin
with a word, develop a more focused interest in an aspect of something
relating to that word, and then begin to have questions about the topic.
What the primary question that your research topic wants to answer?
Formulate a Thesis Statement- This may be the answer to your research
question and/or a way to clearly state the purpose of your research. Your
thesis statement will usually be one or two sentences that states precisely
what to be answered, proven, or what you will inform your audience about
your topic.
What is the thesis statement of the study that you would like to conduct?
You may already think of answers for the given guide questions in selecting and
limiting a good research topic.
This time you are going to read a paragraph. Analyse it carefully for you will
be answering the questions that follow on a one-fourth sheet of paper.
Child Labour takes such a huge figure in India especially due to the rapid
growth of population and corresponding increase in the number of people below the
poverty line. The immediate effect of these global and social problems is that
children, mostly of the age of 7 – 14 years, are forcefully pushed to take up difficult
and dangerous jobs, often at the risk of their tender lives, just to earn some extra
money for the family. This problem needs to be dealt with at the earliest, to ensure a
proper childhood that is the fundamental right of every child. Some of the major
problems faced during the research have been:
Most families are unwilling to give out details of the child labourers, if any.
Inspite of details being shown of the adverse effects of child labour, they are not
willing to sacrifice this source of income.
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Even the children are happy earning from these tasks and have no wish to gather
knowledge or go to school for learning, etc.
The problem thus remains at the ground level and awareness needs to be created at
the earliest.
1. What is the paragraph about?
______________________________________________________________
2. What information does the paragraph give us?
______________________________________________________________
3. What kind of text is it?
______________________________________________________________
The paragraph you have just read is an example of a research problem.
A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be
improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly
literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful
understanding and deliberate investigation.
Now analyze the characteristics of a good research problem and tell if the sample
research problem has these.
1. Stated clearly and concisely
The best way to test the problem statement is to write it into a concise
sentence or paragraph and to share it with others. If the problem cannot be stated in
a clear paragraph it has difficulties and will not endure as a suitable problem. Of
course, it is not easy to express complex issues in simplistic terms and it may take
many weeks and countless drafts before the statement is satisfactory.
2. Generates research questions
The problem should generate a number of more specific research questions.
These turn the problem into a question format and represent various aspects or
components of the problem. The research questions make the more general
statement easier to address and provide a framework for the research.
3. Grounded in theory
Good problems have theoretical and/or conceptual frameworks for their
analysis. They relate the specifics of what is being investigated to a more general
background of theory which helps interpret the results and link it to the field.
4. Related to academic fields of study
Good problems relate to academic fields which have adherents and
boundaries. They typically have journals to which adherents relate. Research
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problems which do not have clear links to one or two such fields of study are
generally in trouble. Without such a field it becomes impossible to determine where,
in the universe of knowledge, the problem lies.
5. Based in the research literature
Related to the former points, a well-stated problem will relate to a research
literature. Tight problems often relate to a well-defined body of literature, written by a
select group of researchers and published in a small number of journals.
6. Potential significance
This is the important ‘so what’ question: Who cares once you solve the
problem? Assume that you have solved the problem and answered the questions
and then ask yourself if you are any further ahead. At the very least, the problem
must have importance to the researcher, but ideally it should also be of consequence
to others.
7. Doable within the time frame & budget
There are logistic factors in terms of your ability actually to carry out the
research. There is no point pursuing a problem which is not feasible to research. Do
not do a study of education in India, Japan, Canada or any other country, unless you
have the means to go there and collect data ̶ which may require years to collect.
8. Data is available/obtained
In some cases, there are insufficient data to address the problem. Historical
persons may have died, archival materials may be lost, or there may be restrictions
on access to certain environments. As noted, it is difficult to conduct research on a
distant country unless you can go there and collect local data. One under-used
approach is to use an existing database. Some data banks have been developed
over many years and contain many opportunities for exploration of new questions
and issues.
These are some of the characteristics of a good research problem. Not all the
characteristics will be present in every good research problem. Most of these
characteristics are useful in conducting a good research study.
http://researcharticles.com/index.php/characteristics-good-research-problem/
Check if these characteristics are present in the sample problem about child labor.
Write your answer on a one-fourth sheet of paper.
_____1. The problem can be stated clearly and concisely.
_____ 2. The problem generates research questions.
_____ 3. It is grounded in theory.
_____ 4. It relates to one or more academic fields of study.
_____ 5. It is based on the research literature.
_____ 6. It has potential significance/importance.
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_____ 7. It is do-able within the time frame, budget.
_____ 8. Sufficient data are available or can be obtained.
_____ 9. The researcher‘s methodological strengths can be applied to the
problem.
_____ 10. The problem is new; it is not already answered sufficiently.
In addition to our discussion, a good research problem must have the following
components:
• It should answer the 5 WH questions of the research, i.e., what, who, where,
why and when
• It should explain purpose of the research
• It should explain the scope of the study
• It should identify the major variables of the problem
Considering these factors, let us have another example of a research problem for
better insight.
Example:
Step 1: State the current and ideal situation:
School is a forum where students are preparing themselves for the future life.
Through the school activities, they gain self-confidence and skills that will help them
in being successful later in life. Interest of parents in a child‘s schooling life also
plays an important role in his self-confidence. The more parents participate in a
child‘s life, the more secure child will feel which in turn will raise his self-confidence.
It is one of the ideal conditions where children‘s personality can be built for future in
a manner that they can tackle the challenges successfully.
Step 2: State the 5 WH questions of the study:
The aim of the research is to determine the impact of a parent‘s participation
in a child‘s school activities to boost his self-confidence. We plan to study here that
the more interest parent‘s show, the more self-confident the child will be.
Step 3: State the scope and method for investigative study:
To conduct this research, we will gather the data from all the local schools in the
area and attempt to conduct this research through the help of questionnaires and
personal interviews that will be filled out by the students and their parents.
1. How is the research problem written?
______________________________________________________________
2. What are the steps in writing the research problem?
______________________________________________________________
3. Does it provide you with the significant information?
______________________________________________________________
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Formulation of research problem refers to stating the problem in researchable
manner. It means to portray the topic in a way that it becomes ready for scientific
investigation. A research problem is simply research topic. A researcher needs to
refine the topic and clearly state what is intended to explore about the topic.
Formulation of the research problem basically includes narrowing down the research
area and formulating the objectives.
The formulation of a research problem consists of the following steps:
1. Identify a broad research area of your interests – You should first select a
major area which you want to investigate. Such area must have a wide
significance and must be according to your interest, knowledge and specialty.
Example: Domestic Violence
2. Dissect the broad area into sub-areas – You need to narrow down the area
into a specific topic that is researchable and manageable for the researcher.
Examples: Causes of Domestic Violence
Impacts of Domestic Violence on children
Services available to the victims of Domestic Violence
3. Select one of the sub-areas – Select one sub-area that interests you more
and is more feasible and manageable for you.
Example: Impacts of Domestic Violence on Children
4. Raise research questions – Raise important questions about the chosen
sub-area which you need to answer on your research. Choose the most
important and relevant ones.
Example: How Domestic Violence affects the child’s academic
performance?
5. Formulate Objectives – the objectives of the study basically stem out of the
research questions. The difference between research questions and objective
is the way they are written.
Example: To examine the influence of Domestic Violence on the child’s
academic performance
Enrichment Activities
Post Activities
Since you already have the knowledge and skills discussed on this module,
let’s find out how well you understood the lesson.
A. Rewrite the paragraph on a one whole sheet of paper and indicate the steps
in order to formulate a research problem.
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The aim of the study is to determine the factors due to which students are
practicing substance abuse which has affected their studies. We plan to study what
has caused some intelligent students to shift their focus from studies to substance
abuse activities.
To conduct this study, we will gather data of teenage students from various
colleges in the area through questionnaires and personal interviews.
For a college student who wants to be successful in life, it is important that he
should be focused in his studies and does not give in to peer-pressure and coercion.
Sadly, despite having knowledge of the consequences, many students are resorting
to substance abuse practices because they are intimidated or bullied.
B. Which among these research questions is good for a research topic? Encircle
the letter and explain your answer.
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1.
a. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cell phone use in school?
b. How does restricting cell phone use in school affect social interaction?
___________________________________________________________________
2.
a. In what ways does owning a pet improve quality of life for older people?
b. Does owning a pet improve quality of life for older people?
___________________________________________________________________
3.
a. Which effective education strategies prevent drug abuse in teens?
b. Are illicit drugs bad for kids?
___________________________________________________________________
4.
a. Has the population of the world increased in the past century?
b. What factors have influenced population growth in the fastest growing
countries?
___________________________________________________________________
5.
a. Why do some corporations pollute the water if they aren’t regulated?
b. How do government regulations prevent corporations from polluting the
water?
___________________________________________________________________
C. Answer the guide questions given in the discussion on how to select and limit
a research topic.
1.__________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________
5.__________________________________________________________________
6.__________________________________________________________________
7.__________________________________________________________________
Congratulations for a job well done!
Generalization
Important Points
To sum up what you have learned from this module, answer these questions
on a half sheet of paper.
1. Why is there a need to select and limit a topic for research?
______________________________________________________________
2. What makes research an important tool in solving problems?
______________________________________________________________
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Application
Real-life Scenario
Think of three problems in your community that need to be resolved
through research. Explain briefly the reasons for choosing it. Copy the table
and write your answers on a half sheet of paper.
Problems to be resolved through
research
Reasons
1.
2.
3.
IV.
Assessment
Test Yourself
You are now going to write a research problem on your own.
Choose one of the problems in your community that you have identified in the
previous activity. Make a research problem out of it by following this format on a
short bond paper.
You will be graded using the rubric.
State the Current and Ideal Situation
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
State the 5WH Questions Of the Study
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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State the Scope and Method for Investigating the Study
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Rubric for Grading a Research Problem (Modified)
Exemplary
Four Points
The problem
demonstrates a deep
understanding of the
topic and shows
analytical and
original thought.
Good
Three Points
The problem
demonstrates good
grasp of the topic‘s
depth and
complexity.
Fair
Two Points
The problem
demonstrates
minimal knowledge
or depth of the topic.
Unsatisfactory
One Point
The problem did not
demonstrate
knowledge or depth
of the topic
The problem can
generate research
questions and is
stated clearly and
concisely
The problem can
generate research
questions and is
stated clearly, but
sentences used are
lengthy and need to
be shortened.
The problem cannot
generate further
research questions
although the
sentences are clear
and concise.
The problem is not
achievable and
sentences used are
lengthy and
confusing.
The problem is new,
grounded in theory
and relates to one or
more academic fields
of study.
The problem is
grounded in theory
and relates to one or
more academic fields
of study, but is no
longer new.
The problem is new
but is not related to
any academic fields
of study.
The problem is
neither new nor
grounded in theory
and is not related to
any academic fields
of study.
V.
Enrichment/ Additional Tasks
Enrich Yourself
To enhance further your skills, another activity will be given to you.
Choose again another problem in your community that you have
identified earlier. Formulate a research problem by following the steps on a
half sheet of paper.
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1. Identify a broad research area of your interest
____________________________________________________________
2. Dissect the broad area into sub-areas
____________________________________________________________
3. Select one of the sub-areas
____________________________________________________________
4. Raise research questions
____________________________________________________________
5. Formulate the objectives
____________________________________________________________
Congratulations! You have completed your learning adventure!
Good luck on your next learning journey!
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Key to Correction
Look Back
The listening text has valid, accurate, relevant, and adequate information if the data is well presented and has sufficient
details coming from a verified, reliable and truthful source. The data can also be applied to solve problems.
Try Out
1. c
6. 4
2. b
7. 5
3. a
8. 2
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
9. 1
10. 3
Building Your Vocabulary
Methodology
10.
Thesis Statement
9.
Research Question
8.
Research Problem
7.
Research
6.
Questionnaire
5.
Objectives
4.
Personal Interviews
3.
Sources
2.
Research Topic
1.
Motivation
1.
The picture is about children who are exposed to air pollution.
2.
Yes, because it is an issue that needs a thorough and comprehensive study, analysis to improve the children’s
condition.
3.
A good research topic is developed if it interests you most, you have access to the sources needed and you follow
the steps/guidelines.
Research Problem
The text is an example of a Research Problem.
3.
The paragraph tells about the problems faced in conducting the research.
2.
The paragraph is about a huge number of Child Labour cases in India.
1.
VI.
Key
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Problem Research Example
1.
2.
3.
The statement of the problem is written in a paragraph form, stating the current and ideal
situation, the aim of the research and identifying the scope and method for study.
The steps in the sample research problem are:
a. State the current and ideal situation
b. State the 5 WH questions of the study
c. State the scope and method for investigative study
Yes
Post Activities
A.
Writing a research problem
Step 1: State the Current and Ideal Situation:
For a college student who wants to be successful in life, it is important that he should be focused in his
studies and does not give in to peer-pressure and coercion. Sadly, despite having knowledge of the
consequences, many students are resorting to substance abuse practices because they are
intimidated or bullied.
Step 2: State the 5WH Questions of the Study
The aim of the study is to determine the factors due to which students are practicing substance abuse
which has affected their studies. We plan to study what has caused some intelligent students to shift
their focus from studies to substance abuse activities.
Step 3: State the Scope and Method for Investigating the Study
To conduct this study, we will gather data of teenage students from various colleges in the area
through questionnaires and personal interviews.
B.
1. a – It is easy to find information about advantages and disadvantages. A more interesting
perspective on the same topic is to examine how the restriction of cell phones affects student’s
interactions with one another.
2. a – A simple question gets a simple answer. A simple answer will not be enough information for a
thesis.
3. a – Ask a research question about something that has multiple sides so that the research and
details will have more impact.
4. b – This question requires more digging around to find an adequate answer.
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5. b - This question requires more digging around to find an adequate answer.
C. Student’s answer may vary depending on their choice.
Important Points
1.
2.
We have to limit or narrow down our topic to have a strong focus in our study.
Research is an important tool in solving problems because it has already the information and analysis
needed for problem solving and making decisions.
Real Life Scenario
Student’s answers vary.
Test Yourself
The student writes a research problem following the given format.
Enrich Yourself
The student identifies another preferred problem and will formulate a problem research following
the given steps.
References:
1. Daily Lesson Plan – Quarter 4, Week 2, Day 4, pp.
Learning Competency: Observe the language of research EN10G-Iva-32 pp.
11-15
2. Deped Learner’s Material “Celebrating Diversity through World Literature”
pp.453-454
On Line Sources
https://www.umflint.edu/library/how-select-research-topic- Selecting and
limiting a topic
https:images.app.goo.gl/smdVQJVeV1eRQvnJA – (image)
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/Ad8U_YguXJQ/UGu5gQrASkI/AAAAAAAACJ8/OfXuAt5yFOE/s1600/Poor+C
art.jpg- (image)
http://www.samplestatements.com/research-problem-statement.html Research Problem
https://www.dissertation-help.co.uk/dissertation_guide/Research-problemexample.php - Research Problem
https://www.studyandexam.com/problem-formulation.html - Formulation of a
research problem
http://write-site.athabascau.ca/paragraph-resource/make-itcoherent/quiz/index.php - Characteristics of a good research problem
https;//researcharticles.com/index.php/characteristics-good-research-problem
- Characteristics of a good research problem
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-good-and-bad-researchquestions.html - Samples of Research Questions
https://www.projectcora.org/assignment/rubric-assessing-research-questions Rubric for Research Problem
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