PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION
Abdelrahman Albahttiti
Group A
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Definition:
It is the methodical gathering of factual data that
is either directly witnessed or extracted via
examination techniques.
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Purposes:
To c o m p r e h e n d t h e c l i e n t s ' p h y s i c a l a n d e m o t i o n a l h e a l t h .
To f i n d i l l n e s s e s i n t h e i r e a r l i e s t s t a g e s .
To e s t a b l i s h t h e o r i g i n a n d s c o p e o f t h e i l l n e s s .
To c o m p r e h e n d a n y a l t e r a t i o n s i n t h e s t a t e o f i l l n e s s e s .
To i d e n t i f y t h e t y p e o f n u r s i n g c a r e o r t h e r a p y t h e c l i e n t w i l l r e q u i r e .
To k e e p t h e c u s t o m e r a n d h i s f a m i l y s a f e b y i d e n t i f y i n g t h e w a r n i n g
indicators.
To a i d i n t h e s t u d y o f m e d i c i n e .
To d e t e r m i n e i f a p e r s o n i s p h y s i c a l l y c a p a b l e o f p e r f o r m i n g a g i v e n d u t y.
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Techniques of Physical Examination:
The four basic techniques used in physical examination are explained as
follows:
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Manipulation
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Inspection:
I t i s e i t h e r t h e p r o c e s s o f c o n d u c t i n g c o n s c i o u s, p u r p o s e f u l o b s e r va t i o n s
i n a s ys t e ma t i c m a n n e r, o r i t i s t h e s ys t e m a t i c vi s u a l i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e
c l i e n t . I t e n t a i l s p a yi n g a t t e n t i o n t o t h i n g s l i k e c o l o r, f o r m, s i z e , s ym m e t r y,
location, and motion. In order to detect smells and noises, it also uses the
senses of hearing and scent.
G e n e r a l I n s pe c t i o n:
 O ve r a l l a p p e a r a n c e o f h e a l t h o r i l l n e s s
 Signs of distress
 F a c i a l E xp r e s s i o n a n d M o o d
 Body Size
 G r o o m i n g a n d P e r s o n a l H yg i e n e
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Palpation:
 I t i n vo l ve s u s i n g t h e h a n d s a n d f i n g e r s t o f e e l a r o u n d f o r i n f o r ma t i o n . I t
i s a n e va l u a t i o n m e t h o d t h a t m a k e s u s e o f t o u c h . To d e t e r m i n e t h e s i z e
a n d l o c a t i o n o f t h e o r g a n s , o n e f e e l s t h e b o d y o r a s e c t i o n wi t h t h e i r
hands.
 H a n d s a n d f i n g er s c a n m e a s ur e t e m p er at ur e, t u r gor, t e xt ur e, m o i s t ur e,
vi b r a t i o n s , s i z e , p o s i t i o n , m a s s e s , a n d f l u i d .
 The dorsum (Back) surfaces of the hand and fingers are used to
measure temperature.
 T h e p a l m a r ( F r o nt ) s u r f ac es o f t h e f i n g er s a n d f i n ger p a d s a r e u s e d t o
a s s e s s t e xt u r e , s h a p e , f l u i d , s i z e , c o n s i s t e n c y a n d p u l s a t i o n . Vi b r a t i o n
i s p a l p a t e d b e s t wi t h t h e p a l m o f t h e h a n d .
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Percussion:
The state of the internal organs is examined by tapping
the body with the fingers to hear the noises that are
made. The act of striking one thing against another to
create music is known as percussion. These audio waves
Percussion tones or percussion notes are sounds created
by hitting bodily tissues. Additionally, percussion is
utilized to assess if a structure is solid, liquid, or filled
with air.
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Auscultation:
I t i s t h e a c t o f p a yi n g a t t e n t i o n t o b o d i l y p r o d u c e d n o i s e s . A s t e t h o s c o p e i s
o f t e n u s e d f o r a u s c u l t a t i o n . T h e b e l l y i s a u s c u l t a t e d f o r m o ve m e n t o f
g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l c o n t e n t s , t h e l u n g s a r e a u s c u l t a t e d f o r m o ve m e n t o f a i r
(breath sound), and the heart and blood arteries are auscultated for blood
c i r c u l a t i o n ( B o we l S o u n d s )
F o u r C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f s o u n d a r e a s s e s s e d b y a u s c ul t a t i o n;
 P i t c h ( R a n g i n g f r o m H i g h t o l o w)
 Loudness (Ranging from Soft to Loud)
 Quality (Gurgling )
 Duration (Short, Medium or Long)
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Manipulation:
It is the moving of a part of the body to
n o t e i t s f l e x i b i l i t y. L i m i t a t i o n o f m o v e m e n t
is discovered by this movement.
Te s t i n g o f r e f l e x e s
The response of the tissues to external
stimuli is tested by means of a
p e r c u s s i o n h a m m e r, s a f e t y p i n , w i s p o f
c o t t o n o r h o t a n d c o l d w a t e r.
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