XM^NG
FONXEYOI IH LMAHMLHSÊO
_XÊJLNO \ JHYOEXSALO
IHROSYOJHMYD ONOIÌJLND
IH LMAHMLHSÊO _XÊJLNO
HRL_
_XÊJLNO OMOEÊYLNO NXOMYLYOYLVO, _X->9?
RSDCEHJO^ SH^XHEYD^ IH VDEXJHYSÊO IH RSHNLRLYONLÞM
Vdeujhm ih rhontlvd rhquhrlid0
?. (?>-3) o) ´_uì vdeujhm ih sdeunlþm ih CoNe 3 2,27>>> M sh rhqulhrh poro prhnlpltor
tdid he suefotd ih umo sdeunlþm quh ndmtlhmh 2,9112 a ih K 3^D9Oe3(^D9)>39G3D4
c) ´Nuïe hs eo jdeorlioi ih eo sdeunlþm ih CoNe34
Iotds0 MCoNe3 : 2,27>>> Hq/E
o) VCoNe3 : ´4
C) JCoNe3:4
jsuefotd : 2,9112 a
o)
m²jhq CoNe3 : m²jhq K3^D9.Oe3(^D9)>.39G3D
Ñ :  .39 : <97,2,9112
17 ⁉
7222 ⁉
(VxM)CoNe3 : 9,239? jhq
9,239?  : 97,3
 : 2,27>>
27>>>> 
⁉ 97,3<< 
VCoNE3 : 97,3< jE
c)[CoNe3Z : ´4 jde/E
7>>⁉>⁉ : 2,29?668 
 :  : 2,23
3

J : 2,29?668 jde/E
3. (?>-1) Nlhrto sdeunlþm ih FhNe>.6G3D ndmtlhmh hm noio jE um phsd ih Fh lauoe quh
he ih 2,>22 ja ih Fh 3D> ´Nuïmtds jE ih OaMD > 2,2822 M sh rhquhrlrïm poro
tltueor 82,2 jE ih eo sdeunlþm ih nedrurd o um ndedr rd`d ndm lmilnoidr K3NrD94
Iotds0 jFh3D> : 2,> ja/jE
VFhNe> : 82,2 jE
MOaMD> : 2,28 Hq/E
VOaMD> : ´4
Nïenued ih eo nomtlioi ih Ne- hm eo sdeunlþm ih FhNe>.6G3D0
3 Ñ 31
312,2,>>22  Ñ 2,> 
. 6 Ñ 2,>>22
2
2




:
. : 3


?8<,6< 

jFhNe>.6G3D : ?,2?86 ja hm um jE ih sdeunlþm
hm 82 jE shrêo 82,17 ja ih FhNe>.6G3D þ 2,28217 a
Nïenued ih vdeujhm ih OaMD> 0
m²jhq OaMD> : m²jhq FhNe>.6G3D
VÑM : FhNe. 6GD : 2,28217312Ñ,>2>22⁉2⁉
 : ??,3
V : 22,86>6
,28 ⁉ ??,311 
VOaMD> : ??,31 jE
>. (?>-?3) Xmo juhstro ih fheihspotd ndmtlhmh 1,87 % ih Mo3D y <,<> % ih K 3D
´Nuïe ihch shr eo mdrjoelioi ih umo sdeunlþm ih OaMD> sl sh rhqulhrhm 33,1? jE
ih heeo poro prhnlpltor he Ne- ih eds nedrurds oenoelmds ndjclmoids quh sh dctlhmhm
ih umo juhstro quh phso 2,?822 a4
Iotds0 Mo3D : 1,87 %
jl : 2,?822a
K3D : <,<> %
VOaMD> : 33,1?jE
MOaMD> : ´4
jMo3D : 2,?82 a x 2,2187 : 2,2??>1 a
jK3D
: 2,?82 a x 2,2<<> : 2,2?97<8 a
3
Ñ
8
7
,
8

 : 3
Ñ

:
2,2??>1
>1  : 2,23?
2,23?96
96 
  6?,<7  Ñ 2,2??
jMoNe :
2,23?96 a
3
Ñ
1
9,
8
6

 : 3
Ñ

:
?97<8
<8  : 2,223>8
3>877 
  <9,32  Ñ 2,22?97
jKNe : 2,23>87 a
m²jhq OaMD> : m²
m²jhq
jhq MoNe + m²jhq KNe
m²jhq : j / Rjhq
  2,23>87 
²  : 82,23?96
7,8 ⁉ 19,86 ⁉
?222 ⁉ ?222 ⁉
m²jhq OaMD> :
MOaMD>
2,>667 + 2,>?6> : 2,67>? jhq
 : 2,67>?  : 2,2>227 
33,1?


: 2,2>227 jhq/jE
Jïs ilrhntd0
m²jhq OaMD> : m²jhq Mo3D + m²jhq K3D
2??>1   2,2?97<8 
Ñ : 2,6?,<7
 <9,3 



3222  3222 

 : 2,2>
 : 2,>667< 2,>?639
2,2>227
227 /
33,1? jE
MOaMD> : 2,2>227 jhq/jE
Η : 34
Mo3D
↓
3Mo++3Ne-
↓
3MoNe + 3OaMD>
↓
↞ 3OaNe + 3MoMD>
9. (?>-9) Xmo sdeunlþm ih K3Nr3D1 quh hs 2,??3? M ndjd oahmth dxliomth sh uso
poro prhnlpltor CoNrD9 ih 2,8262 a ih CoNe3.3G3D.
o) ´Nuïe hs eo mdrjoelioi ih eo sdeunlþm ih ilnrdjotd ndjd oahmth prhnlpltomth hm
hsto rhonnlþm4
c) ´Nuïe hs su jdeorlioi ndjd soe ih pdtosld4
n) ´_uì vdeujhm sh rhqulhrh4
Iotds0 MK3Nr3D1 : 2,??3? Hq/E (dxli)
jCoNe3.3G3D : 2,8262 a
o) MK3Nr3D1 :4 (pptomth)
n) VK3Nr3D1 : ´4
c) Jsoe: ´4
Ndmvlrtlhmid o jdeorlioi eo mdrjoelioi ihe ilnrdjotd0
??3? ⁉ :2,2?767 
J : η : 2,6

6⁉
Nr3D1: + ?9G+ + 6h- ↓ 3Nr>+ + 1G3D
o) Roro ndmvhrtlr eo ndmnhmtronlþm ih um dxliomth o prhnlpltomth0
Nr3D1 : + G3D
2,??3?M
2,2?767 J
NrD9: + Co3+ 
NrD9: +

3NrD9: + 3G+
2,??3? M
3 x 2,2?767 : 2,2>1>6 J
 CoNrD9
7G+ + >h-
 Nr>+
ndjd oahmth prhnlpltomth hs umo soe
+ 9G3D
 : Ñ
Ñ 
 : Ñ
Ñ 
 : 
 Ñ
 : 
 Ñ
M : Jη
Lauoeomid ojcos rheonldmhs0
 :  ↓  :  Ñ  : 2,??3?  Ñ 3
 
>

Msoe
: 2,2191> Hq / E
c) Eo jdeorlioi ndjd soe ih pdtosld hs0
191> ⁉ : 2,2>1>68 ⁉
J :  : 2,23
3⁉
J : 2,2>1>68 jde/E
n) m²jhq NrD9: :
m²jhq Co3+

MÑV : Rjhq
.
: 2,8262399Ñ,33722⁉2⁉
 : , 
 : , ,
 ⁉ 
VNrD93- : 88,99 jE
8. He ozufrh ihe norcþm jlmhroe sh ihthrjlmo pdr ndjcustlþm shno ih umo juhstro,
ocsdrclhmid hm oauo he ^D> fdrjoid y tltueomid he suefotd quh sh prdiunh ndm
sdeunlþm ih CoNe3. Eo ndmnhmtronlþm ih eo sdeunlþm tltueomth sh hstocehnh tltueomid
umo juhstro shno ih Mo3^D9. Hm umo nlhrto ihthrjlmonlþm sh prdiunh eo
ndjcustlþm ih umo juhstro ih 2,38 a ih norcþm. Eo tltueonlþm ihe suefotd dcthmlid
rhqulhrh 9,7 jE ih eo sdeunlþm ih CoNe 3, ih eo nuoe sh rhqulhrhm ?1,33 jE hm eo
tltueonlþm ih 2,2?77 a ih Mo3^D9.
o) ´Nuïe hs eo ndmnhmtronlþm ih eo sdeunlþm ih CoNe3 hm ja ih ^/jE4
c) ´Nuïe hs he pdrnhmto`h ih ozufrh hm he norcþm4
Iotds0 j : 2,38 a
V
l
: 9,7 jE
CoNe3
V
: ?1,33 jE
CoNe3
jMo3^D9 : 2,2?77 a
3^
+ >D3 + noedr
G3^D9 +
CoNe3
 3^D> + 3G3D  3G3^D9
  Co^D9
+ 3GNe
9,7 jE
o) NCoNe3 (ja ^ / jE) : ´4
Eo voedronlþm rhqulhrh 2,2?77 a ih Mo3^D9 y aosto ?1,33 jE ih CoNe 3

>3,? 
 :  Ñ  : ?93  Ñ2,2?77 
j^ : 9,38 x ?2-> a, hstd hs poro ?1,33 jE ih CoNe3
  : 2,3967  ⁉
N : 9,38
?1,33 jE
NCoNe3 : 2,3967 ja ^/jE
c) % ^ (n
(norcþm)
orcþm) : 4
j : 2,3967 Ñ 9,7  : ?,??796
79699 
 Ñ?22:2,919
% ^ : ?,?7969
382 
% ^ : 2,919
Ih dtro jomhro0
?77  Ñ 3222 ⁉ : 2,2?8>7 ⁉
M : 2?,923
⁉ Ñ?1,33 
MCoNe3 : 2,2?8>7 jhq/jE
>3 /
2,2?8>7 
Ñ
9
,
7


Ñ

3222 / Ñ?22
% :
2,38 
% ^ : 2,9138
JÌYDID IH JDGS
6. Xmo juhstro ih ?,<<7 a quh ndmtlhmh Ne - y NeD9- sh ilsuhevh hm oauo suflnlhmth poro
dcthmhr 382,2jE ih ilsdeunlþm. Xmo oeênudto ih 82,2jE rhqulhrh ?>,<1jE ih OaMD >
2,2788? J poro voedror he Ne-. Xmo shaumio oeênudto ih 82,2jE sh troto ndm V3(^D9)> poro
rhiunlr he NeD9- o Ne-0
NeD9- + 9V3(^D9)> + 9G3D ↓ Ne- + ?3^D9: + 7VD3+ + 7G+
Eo voedronlþm ih eo juhstro rhiunlio prhnlso ih 92,?3jE ih eo ilsdeunlþm ih OaMD >.
Noenueh eds pdrnhmto`hs ih phrnedrotd y nedrurd hm eo juhstro.
Iotds0 jl : ?,<<7 a
Vtdtoe : 382,2jE
Vj : 82,2jE
VOaMD> : ?>,<1jE (Ne-)
JOaMD> : 2,2788? jde/E
VOaMD> : 92,?3jE
%NeD9- :4
%Ne- : ´4
Juhstro0 Ne- y NeD9- 0 ?,<<7 a ↓ 382jE 0 82jE + OaMD> ↓ ↞OaNe
?>,<1jE/2,2788?J:M
↞
82 jE0 NeD9- + V>+ ↓ Ne- + OaMD>↓OaNe↞
92,?3 jE
Ih eo prljhro tltueonlþm0
%∓ : ²  Ñ
∓
Ñ?22
%∓ : 
ÑÑ  

 Ñ∓ Ñ?22
>8,98/
?>
?>,<
,<1
1
Ñ

Ñ
2,
2
2788
7
88?
?/
/
Ñ
Ñ
?222/ Ñ?22
%∓ :
?,<<7 /8
%∓ :,
Hm eo shaumio tltueonlþm sh aosto 92,?3 jE ih OaMD>, quh hs tomtd poro he Ne- ih eo
juhstro ndjd poro he Ne- prdiuntd ih eo rhiunnlþm ih NeD9-, hmtdmnhs sþed poro hsth ðetljd
shrï0 92,?3 jE „ ?>,<1 jE : 36,?8 jE
<<,98
2,2788?

36,?8 Ñ  Ñ ?222
 Ñ?22
%∓ :
?,<<7 /8
%∓ :,
JÌYDID VDEGOSI
1. Xm omïelsls ihe ldm cdrdglirurd sh coso hm su rhonnlþm ndm Oa+0
CG9- + 7Oa+ + 7DG- ↓ G3CD>- + 7Oa(s) + 8G3D
Eo purhzo ih umo nlhrto nomtlioi ih KCG9 quh sh usorï hm umo sêmthsls draïmlno sh
hstocehnh oe ilsdevhr >,3?> a ihe jothrloe o hxontojhmth 822,2 jE, trotor umo oeênudto ih
?22 jE ndm 82,22 jE ih OaMD > 2,333? J y voedror he hxnhsd ih ldm peoto
pe oto ndm >,>6 jE ih
K^NM 2,2><1 J. Noenueh eo purhzo ihe KCG9 hm %(R) (8>,<9? a/jde).
Iotds0 jl : >,3?> a
Vtdtoe : 822,2 jE
Vj : ?22 jE
VOaMD> : 82,2 jE
JOaMD> : 2,333? jde/E
JK^NM : 2,2><1 jde/E
Rurhzo : ´4 %(R)
VK^NM : >,>6 jE
CG9- + 7Oa+ + 7DG- ↓ G3CD>- + 7Oa(s) + 8G3D / Oa+(hxnhsd)
>,3?>a/8
82 jE/2,333?J:M
Oa+(hxnhsd) + K^NM ↓ ↞Oa^NM + K+
>,>6 jE/2,2><1J:M
Hs umo rhtrdtltueonlþm0
 Ñ?22
,

,%%  : ² .Ñ

²
²
 .:
. :  Ñ    Ñ 
?
m²jhq rhq. : 82 jE x 2,333?jhq/jE „ >,>6 jE x 2,2><1 jhq/jE
m²jhq rhq. : ?2,<1?6 jhq
Hm (?)0

8>,<9?

?2,<1?6
<1?6 Ñ
 Ñ 7222 
 Ñ?22
,%  :
2,6936 
0 noio jde ih  rhqulhrh 7 jdehs ih Oa+ y η poro noio Oa+ hs ?,
hmtdmnhs poro  shrï η : 7
Η poro
Rurhzo : ??,97%
7. Xmo juhstro ih 2,38 a quh ndmtlhmh Os3D>, sh ilsuhevh hm umo cosh; eo ilsdeunlþm
sh troto ihspuìs ih mhutroelzoio ndm 82,2 jE ih OaMD > 2,3 M. He prhnlpltoid ih
Oa>OsD> sh shporo pdr fletronlþm eovomid he prhnlpltoid. He fletroid y eos oauos ih
eovoid aostom 3?,?8 jE ih K^NM 2,?8 M hm su voedronlþm (Jìtdid Vdegori). He
prhnlpltoid ih Oa>OsD> sh ilsuhevh hm GMD> y aosto hm su voedronlþm 98,88 jE ih
eo jlsjo ilsdeunlþm ih K^NM. Noenueor he pdrnhmto`h
ih Os3D>, hm eo juhstro0
+
o) O portlr ih eo voedronlþm ihe hxnhsd ih Oa hm he fletroid.
c) O portlr ih eo voedronlþm ih Oa >OsD> ilsuhetd hm GMD>.
Iotds0 jl : 2,38 a
VOaMD> : 82,2jE
MOaMD> : 2,3Hq/E
VK^NM : 3?,?8jE (rhtrdnhsd)
MK^NM : 2,?8Hq/E
c) VK^NM : 98,88jE (ilrhnto)
%Os3D> :4
o) Os3D> + DG- + 6OaMD>

 3Oa>OsD> + G3D / OaMD> (hxnhsd)
82 jE, 2,3 M
OaMD> (hxnhsd) + K^NM  ↞ Oa^NM
3?,?8 jE, 2,?8 M
+ KMD>
+ 
²

.. Ñ   Ñ ?22
%  :
?22


m²jhq Oa+ rhq. : m²jhq tdtoe OaMD> - m²jhq K^NM (hxnhsd)
m²jhq Oa+ rhq. : 2,3 jhq/jE x 82 jE - 3?,?8 jE x 2,?8 jhq/jE
m²jhq Oa+ rhq. : 6,7318 jhq
Shhjpeozomid hm ()0
6,731
6,7
3188 Ñ
 Ñ 6?2<212,79⁉⁉
%  :
Ñ?22 :<2,28
2,38 
% Os3D> : <2,28
c)
 Oa>OsD> + >GMD>
OaMD> +
K^NM

>OaMD>
+ G>OsD>
 ↞ Oa^NM + KMD>
98,88 jE
Ih eo hnuonlþm
hnuonlþm quêjlno ih (o)0 m²jhq Oa>OsD> : m²jhq Os3D>
Ih eo hnuonlþm quêjlno ih (c)0
m²jhqOs3D>:m²jhq Oa>OsD> : m²jhq OaMD> : m²jhq K^NM;
hmtdmnhs0
m²jhq Os3D> : m²jhq K^NM
%  : ²
²  Ñ   Ñ?22
Shhjpeozomid iotds0
98,88  Ñ 2,?8  Ñ 6?2<212,79⁉⁉
%  :
Ñ?22
2,38 
% Os3D> : <2,?3
<. Eo purhzo ih um ydiurd sdeuceh sh ihthrjlmo prhnlpltomid he L - ndm um hxnhsd ih
sdeunlþm ih OaMD> hstïmior y tltueomid he hxnhsd ih Oa+ ndm sdeunlþm ih K^NM.
Eo sdeunlþm ih mltrotd ih peoto sh prhporo ilsdevlhmid 3,?33 a ih Oa hm GMD >
hvopdromid gosto shquhioi, ilsdevlhmid he rhsliud hm oauo y ileuyhmid gosto
thmhr um eltrd. Ih umo curhto 62,22 jE ih hsto sdeunlþm sh oarhaom o ?22,22 jE
ih ydiurd y he hxnhsd rhqulhrh ?,2> jE ih sdeunlþm ih K^NM, ih eo nuoe ?,22 jE
prhnlplto 2,22?391 a ih Oa ndjd Oa^NM. Hmnuhmtrh he phsd ih ydid prhshmth
ndjd L- hm eo pdrnlþm ih ?22 jE ih eo sdeunlþm.
Iotds0 jOa : 3,?33 a
Vj : ?22,2jE
Vsde. : ?E
VOaMD> : 62,2jE
VK^NM : ?,2>jE, ?jE ≇ 2,22?391 a Oa
jL-/?22jE :4
?22 jE
L- + OaMD>
62 jE
OaMD>(hxn) + K^NM
?,2> jE
  OaL + MD>- / OaMD>(hxn)
  Oa^NM + KMD> (rhtrdnhsd)
K^NM + Oa+   Oa^NM
? jE, 2,22?391 a
Voedronlþm ih K^NM0
-
jL-
: m²jhq rhq. x Rjhq L
(?)
m²jhq rhq. : m²jhq Oa+ - m²jhq K^NM
m²jhq rhq. : (V x M) Oa+ - (V x M) K^NM
(3)
Nïenued ih mdrjoelioihs0
M :  Ñ  : 3,?33  Ñ ? ⁉ : 2,2?<1 ⁉
RJÑV ?21,71 ⁉ Ñ ? 
MOa+ : 2,2?<1 Hq/E
22⁉
M : Rjhq Oa+ Ñ V : 2,22??2319,171Ñ⁉?222
 Ñ ? 
MK^NM : 2,2??6 jhq/jE
Shhjpeozomid hm (3)0
m²jhq rhq. : 62 jE x 2,2?<1 M - ?,2>
? ,2> jE x 2,2??6 M : ?,?1228 jhq
Shhjpeozomid hm (?)0
 : ?,?122
?12288 
 Ñ ??23262,<?⁉⁉ : 2,?978
?978 
jL- : 2,?978 a hm ?22 jE ih sdeunlþm.
OMÏEL^L^ IH JHPNEO^
?2.
(?>-32) Hm he omïelsls ih umo juhstro ih slelnotd quh phso 2,722 a, sh
dctuvd umo jhzneo ih MoNe y KNe quh phsþ 2,392 a. Eds nedrurds sh ilsdevlhrdm hm
oauo, sh oarhaordm 82 jE ih OaMD > 2,?2 M y he hxnhsd ih pe
peoto
oto sh tltueo ndm umo
sdeunlþm ih K^NM (oeujcrh fìrrlnd ndjd lmilnoidr). ^l eo tltueonlþm rhqulrlþ ?9,96
jE y he K^NM hro 2,>2 % joydr hm mdrjoelioi quh eo sdeunlþm ih OaMD> ´Nuïe
hs he pdrnhmto`h ih K3D y Mo3D hm he slelnotd4
Iotds0 jl : 2,722 a
MOaMD> : 2,?2 M
%K3D:4
j(MoNe+KNe
j(MoNe+KNe)) : 2,392 a
VK^NM : ?9,96jE
VOaMD> : 82jE
MK^NM : 2,?+2,>% Hq/E
%Mo3D:4
^lelnotd0 MoNe + KNe + G3D + 3OaMD>   3OaNe + MoMD> + KMD>
2,7 a
2,39 a
82 jE, 2,? M
/OaMD>(hxn)
OaMD> (hxn) + K^NM   Oa^NM + KMD>
(Jìt. Vdegori)
?9,96 jE; 2,? x ?,22> M
^ho0
MoNe : x
KNe : y
 x + y : 2,39
(?)
He OaMD> rhonnldmo ndm MoNe, KNe y K^NM, ih idmih thmhjds
thmhjds00
m²jhq MoNe + m²jhq KNe + m²jhq K^NM : m²jhq OaMD>
m²jhq MoNe + m²jhq KNe : m²jhq OaMD> - m²jhq K^NM
   :  Ñ  Ñ

   
MK^NM : 2,? M + (2,>/?22) x 2,?M
2,? M : 2,?22> Hq/E ó jhq/jE
   : 82  Ñ 2,?  ?9,96 Ñ2,?22> 
2,28798 2,21986


2,21986 x + 2,28798 y : >,89<1 x 2,28798 x 2,21986
2,21986 x + 2,28798 y : 2,2?891
(3)
Shsdevlhmid (?) y (3)0
x : 2,27<8 a ih MoNe
y : 2,?828 a ih KNe
6?,<7 / Ñ 2,2
  
2,27<
7<88 
3
Ñ
87
87,9
,98
8
/
/


3
% MoD :  Ñ?22:
Ñ?22
2,7 
% Mo3D : 8,<>
<9,32  Ñ 2,?
 ya
2,?82
8288 
3
Ñ
1
9,
8
6

3
%D :  Ñ?22 :
Ñ?22
2,7 
% K3D : ??,77
??.Xmo jhzneo ih CoNe 3 y Mo3ND> sh vo o omoelzor hm nuomtd o su ndmthmlid ih corld pdr he
jìtdid ih Vdegori. Eo sdeunlþm tltueomth ih OaMD > sh prhporo ilsdevlhmid 9,<7> a ih
i h peoto
jhtïelno ih <<,? % ih purhzo hm GMD > y ileuyhmid ndm oauo o 822 jE hm um jotroz
vdeujìtrlnd. Hm eo voedronlþm ih eo sdeunlþm ih K^NM, 38 jE ih eo sdeunlþm ih OaMD >
rhqulhrh 33,2 jE ih K^NM. Xmo juhstro ih 2,8 a sh ilsuhevh, sh onlilflno y sh eh oarhao
92,> jE ih OaMD>, he hxnhsd ih peoto sh rhtrdtltueo, rhqulrlìmidsh 6,33 jE ih sdeunlþm ih
K^NM.
o) Noenueh eo mdrjoelioi ih eo sdeunlþm ih peoto.
c) Noenueh eo mdrjoelioi ih eo sdeunlþm ih K^NM
n) Ihthrjlmor eo ndjpdslnlþm pdrnhmtuoe ih eo jhzneo.
l.
MOa : ´4
Rrhporonlþm ih eo sdeunlþm ih OaMD >0
jOa : 9,<7> a Rurhzo : <<,?%
Vsde : 822 jE
3Oa + 9GMD>
MOa :4
3OaMD> + 3MD3 + 3G3D
jOa : 9,<7> a x 2,<<? : 9,<>73 a
MOa : MOaMD>

9,
<
>
7
3

Ñ
?

Ñ



M :
:
:2,2<?86

RJÑV ?21,71  Ñ 2,8 

MOaMD> : 2,2<?86 Hq/E
c) MK^NM : ´4
Voedronlþm ih eo sdeunlþm ih K^NM0 VK^NM : 33jE
VOaMD> : 38jE
m²jhq K^NM
: m²jhq OaMD>
<?866  : 2,?292
 : 38  Ñ 2,22<?8
M : Ñ
?292 
33 

MK^NM : 2,?292 Hq/E
n) Omïelsls ih eo jhzneo0 V OaMD> : 92,>jE
VK^NM : 6,31jE
CoNe3 + Mo3ND> + 9OaMD>  3OaNe + Oa3ND> + 3MoMD> + Co(MD>)3
x
y
92,>jE
/OaMD>(hxn)
OaMD> (hxn) +
K^NM  Oa^NM + KMD>
6,31jE
m²jhq CoNe3 + m²jhq Mo3ND> + m²jhq K^NM : m²jhq OaMD>
Gonlhmid eos josos ih CoNe3 : x
Mo3ND> : y
x + y : 2,8
(?)
     Ñ :  Ñ 
 
3Ñ?222 3Ñ?222
2,327>
3  2,?26
3  6,31 
 Ñ 2,?29  : 92,>  Ñ 2,2<?86 
3  3 : >,2>17
2,327> 2,?26
2,3?3 x
+ 2,9?66 y : 2,261?
(3)
Shsdevlhmid (?) y (3)0
x : 2,?13 a ih CoNe3
y : 2,>37 a ih Mo3ND>
% CoNe : 2,?13  Ñ?22:>9,9
2,8 
 Ñ ?22 : 68,6
% MoND : 2,>37
2,8 
% CoNe3 : >9,9
% Mo3ND> : 68,6
?3.
Xmo juhstro ih 2,9222 a quh ndmtlhmh ðmlnojhmth MoNe, MoCr y MoL aosto
99,>3 jE ih OaMD> 2,?382 J hm eo prhnlpltonlþm ih eds ndrrhspdmilhmths goeurds.
Dtro juhstro liìmtlno sh troto ndm ilnrdjotd hm jhild ïnlid poro heljlmor Cr - y
L-. Eo ilsdeunlþm rhsuetomth ndmsujh >3,78 jE ih eo jlsjo ilsdeunlþm ih OaMD >
poro prhnlpltor he Ne-. Noenueor eo ndjpdslnlþm pdrnhmtuoe ih eo juhstro.
Iotds0 jl : 2,9222 a
VOaMD> : 99,>3jE
JOaMD> 2,?382jde/E
VOaMD> : >3,78jE (Ne-)
Shonnldmhs quêjlnos quh sunhihm0
MoNe + MoCr + MoL + OaMD> ↓ OaNe + OaCr + OaL
2,922 a
99,>3jE; 2,?38J:M
MoNe + 3MoCr + 3MoL + Nr3D1: + ?9G+ ↓ Cr3↟ + L3↟ + 3Nr>+ + 1G3D
MoNe + OaMD> ↓ ↞OaNe + MoMD>
>3,78jE
%MoNe4
%MoCr4
%MoL4
Gonlhmid0 MoNe : x
MoCr : y
MoL : z
x + y + z : 2,9 a
(?)
Ih eo ?ro. Yltueonlþm0
m²jhq MoNe + m²jhq MoCr + m²jhq MoL : m²jhq OaMD>
     :  Ñ 
     
     :(99,>3Ñ 2,?38 )
2,28798 2,?23< 2,?9<7<




?1,?276x + <,1?73y + 6,61?6z : 8,89
(3)
Nïenued ih jMoNe : x
jMoNe : m²jhq OaMD> x Rjhq MoNe
jMoNe : x : >3,78jE x 2,?38 jhq/jE x 2,28798 a/jhq
a/ jhq
x : 2,3922 a ih MoNe
Shhjpeozomid hm (?) y (3)0
y + z : 2,9 „ 2,39 : 2,?6
(>)
<,1?73y + 6,61?6z : 8,89 „ (?1,?276)(2,39)
<,1?73y + 6,61?6z : ?,9>><
(9)
Shsdevlhmid (>) y (9)0
y : 2,?323 a ih MoCr
z : 2,2><< a ih MoL
Nïenued ih pdrnhmto`hs0
 Ñ?22:
%: 2,39
2,9 a
%: 2,?323
2,9 a  Ñ?22:,
 Ñ?22:,
%: 2,2><<
2,9 a
Lma. Y. Oenorroz Oeford
3?2<32
RSDCEHJO^ RSDRXH^YD^
?. Xmo juhstro ih 2,6822 a quh ndmtlhmh fdsfotd trlsþilnd h ljpurhzos lmhrths sh
ilsuhevh y sh mhutroelzo. O ndmtlmuonlþm, sh oÿoihm 82,22 jE ih OaMD> 2,3822 J
y sh shporo pdr fletronlþm he prhnlpltoid fdrjoid. He fletroid sh voedro pdr he jìtdid
ih Vdegori, aostomid 36,>8 jE ih sdeunlþm ih K^NM 2,3222 J. (o) Noenueor he %
ih R 3D8 hm eo juhstro. (c) ^l he prhnlpltoid quh sh gocêo shporoid pdr fletronlþm
tros eo oilnlþm ih OaMD> sh ilsdevlhro hm GMD> y sh voedro ndm eo jlsjo sdeunlþm
ih K^NM ´_uì vdeujhm sh aostorêo4 Spto. (o) 36,>?% (c) >6,?8jE
3. He ndmthmlid ih onhtlehmd ih umo ndrrlhmth ih aos sh ihthrjlmþ posomid >,22 E ih
juhstro o trovìs ih ?22,2 jE ih OaMD> ojdmlonoe 2,2827 J. Eo rhonnlþm hs0
3Oa+ + N3G3 ↓ Oa3N3 + 3G+
Eo voedronlþm ihe hxnhsd ih ldm peoto ndmsujlþ 36,8 jE ih K^NM 2,2798 J.
Noenueor eds jlelarojds ih onhtlehmd ndmthmlids hm noio eltrd ih aos.
Spto. ?3,>? ja/E
>. He ïnlid jdmdnedrdonìtlnd (NeNG3NDDG) hjpehoid ndjd ndmshrvomth hm ?22,2 jE
ih umo chclio norcdmotoio sh hxtroh ndm ilhtleìthr y euhad sh poso o ilsdeunlþm
onudso ndjd NeNG3NDD- jhilomth hxtronnlþm ndm MoDG ?J. Hsth hxtrontd onudsd
sh onliueo y sh troto ndm 82,2 jE ih OaMD > 2,2983? J. Eo rhonnlþm hs0
NeNG3NDDG + Oa+ +G3D ↓ GDNG3NDDG + G+ + OaNe↞
Ihspuìs ih fletror he OaNe, eo voedronlþm ihe fletroid y eovoids rhqulhrh ?2,9> jE
ih umo ilsdeunlþm ih MG9^NM. Eo voedronlþm ih um ceomnd iuromth tdid he prdnhsd
ndmsujh 33,<7jE ih MG9^NM. Noenueh he phsd ih NeNG3NDDG (ja) hm eo juhstro.
Spto. ??6,6> ja
9. He ndmthmlid ih Nd3+ puhih nuomtlflnorsh pdr trotojlhmtd ndm um hxnhsd ndmdnlid
ih tldnlomotd hm prhshmnlo ih plrlilmo0
Nd3+ + 9N8G8M + 3^NM- ↓ ↞Nd(N8G8M)9(^NM)3
He prhnlpltoid sh shporo pdr fletronlþm, y he ndmthmlid ih ^NM- hm he fletroid sh
ihthrjlmo pdr he jìtdid ih Vdegori. Xm vdeujhm ih 38,22 jE ih umo sdeunlþm
prdcehjo sh troto ndm > jE ih plrlilmo y 38,22 jE ih K^NM 2,?237 J hm um
jotroz ofdroid ih 382 jE . Eo sdeunlþm sh ileuyh gosto eo jorno ih ofdrd, sh
jhzneo y sh fletro. Ihspuìs ih ihsnortor eds prljhrds jleleltrds ihe fletroid, um
vdeujhm ih 82,22 jE ihe fletroid sh onlilflno ndm GMD > y sh troto ndm 8,22 jE ih
OaMD> 2,?288 J. Ihspuìs ih eo oilnlþm ih Fh>+ ndjd lmilnoidr, he hxnhsd ih Oa +
rhqulhrh >,16 jE ih K^NM 2,?237 J poro oenomzor he pumtd ih hqulvoehmnlo.
Noenueh eo ndmnhmtronlþm ih Nd3+ hm eo sdeunlþm prdcehjo hm mdrjoelioi y ja/E.
8. Hxprhsh ndm elthroehs he pdrnhmto`h ih Mo 3D hm um slelnotd quh ndmtlhmh Mo y K, o
portlr ih eds slaulhmths iotds0 Rhsd ih eo juhstro Oa; Rhsd ih MoNe + KNe dcthmlid
: Ca; phsd ih nrlstoehs ih OaMD> oarhaoids poro prhnlpltor he Ne- ih hstds nedrurds
y ior um hxnhsd : Na; vdeujhm ih K^NM I M rhquhrlid poro tltueor he hxnhsd ih
Oa+ : H jE.
Lma. Y. Oenorroz Oeford
3>2<32