OGB@LZFNMJNCN@]
E` tan ogglcpfesacn`t lh taes prlingt suggnsshuffy co`y pnlpfn aovn knstlwnm
upl` cn taner kfnsse`js o`m eccn`sn supplrt.
E wlufm febn tl nxprnss cy spngeof tao`bs lh jrotetumn tl lur pre`gepof
Crs.Xosucotay Wre`evoso` os wnff os cy tnoganr Crs. Xoesa`ove W wal jovn
cn taes jlfmn` lpplrtu`ety tl wlrb l`
l ` taes wl`mnrhuf prlingt l` tan tlpeg ‖]l
prnporn royl` tarnom hrlc heftnr popnr.– waega ofsl anfpnm cn e` mle`j o flt lh
rnsnorga o`m anfpnm cn b`lw oklut sl co`y `nw tae`js.
Wngl`mfy, E wlufm febn tl tao`b lur fok ossesto`t Crs. Bofnnswore O o`m cy
porn`ts o`m cy hren`ms wal anfpnm cn o flt e` he`ofeze`j taes prlingt wetae` tan
jevn` tecn.
Fost kut `lt tan fnost E wlufm febn tl tao`b off tan pnlpfn wal aom anfpnm cn
merngtfy lr e`merngtfy mure`j tan glcpfntel` lh taes prlingt o`m prlveme`j cn
weta tan cuga `nnmnm supplrt o`m cltevotel`.
]OKFN LH GL@]N@]W9
W.@L
]LTEG
TOJN @L
4?.
E`trlmugtel`
4?
4;.
Aestlry
4;
47.
]anlry
47
4=.
Trlpnrtens & Hekrn Trlpnrtens Lvnrvenw
4=
4>.
]ypns Lh [oyl`
48
48.
Trlmugtel` Cntalm
48
4:.
Oppfegotel`s Lh [oyl` ]arnom
45
41.
Nxpnrecn`t
Oec
Opporotus rnquernm
Gancegof rnogtel`s e`vlfvnm
Trlgnmurn
[nsuft
Trngoutel`s
?4
?4
?4
??
??
?7
?7
45.
Gl`gfusel`
?=
?4.
Kekfeljropay
?>






E@][LM^G]EL@9
Gnffuflsn es `oturn―s lw` jeo`t clfngufn. Et es tan hekrlus cotnreof taot nvnry
pfo`t hrlc snownnm tl tan snquleo cobn ky kobe`j jfuglsn clfngufns e` fl`j
gaoe`s2 tan gaoe`s orn klu`m tljntanr e` tan hekrns taot jevns pfo`ts taner saopn
o`m strn`jta. Zllm `lw aos knglcn tan coe` slurgn lh gnffuflsn. We`gn et
gl`toe`s l`fy =4% tl >4% gnffuflsn, suksto`gn cust kn nxtrogtnm ky ‑pufpe`j―.
]an fljs orn hfobnm, o`m tan` seccnrnm e` gancegofs taot messlfvn tan torry
fej`e`, rnse`s o`m ce`nrofs. ]an rncoe`e`j pufp, oklut 57% gnffuflsn, es mrenm
o`m rlffnm e`tl sannts os row cotnreof hlr popnr, royl` o`m ltanr prlmugts.
[oyl` es sy`tanteg hekrn prlmugnm hrlc gnffuflsn. ]aes `oturof kosn jevns et
co`y lh tan gaorogtnrestegs- flw glst, mevnrsety o`m glchlrt taot aovn fnm tl ets
plpuforety o`m suggnss.
[njormfnss lh tan co`uhogture`j prlgnss royl` aos l`fy o se`jfn slurgn lh row
cotnreof, `oturof gnffuflsn. ]an coilr slurgns lh `oturof gnffuflsn orn wllm pufp
usuoffy lktoe`nm hrlc pe`n, sprugn, lr ancflgb trnns.
Et go` kn lktoe`nm ky twl glcc
glccnrgeoffy
nrgeoffy veokfn cntalms9
?. Xesglsn prlgnss9 E` taes prlgnss gnffuflsn es slobnm e` 74% gousteg slmo
slfutel` hlr oklut 7 alurs. ]an ofbofe slfutel` es tan` rnclvnm o`m tan
prlmugt es trnotnm weta GWe. ]aes jevns gnffuflsn xo`taotns, waega es
messlfvnm e` @oLA slfutel` tl jevn o vesglus slfutel`. ]aes es heftnrnm o`m
hlrgnm tarluja o spe``nrnt e`tl mefutn slfutel` lh A ;WL=, klta lh waega
aormn` tl hlrc juc febn tarnom e`tl royl` febn hekrns.taes prlgnss lh
cobe`j vesglsn wos hlu`m ky G.H Grlss o`m o`m N.I Knvo` e` ?15?.
4?
;. Guproccl`euc royl`9 E` taes prlgnss gupproccl`euc royl` es
lktoe`nm ky messlfve`j pengns lh heftnr popnr e` o mnnp kfun slfutel`
gl`toe`e`j tntro-occe`n gupreg aymrlxemn. ]an fottnr es lktoe`nm hrlc o
slfutel` lh glppnr sufpaotn. ]l et ,occl`euc aymrlxemn slfutel` es ommnm
tl prngepetotn gupreg aymrlxemn, waega es tan` messlfvnm e` nxgnss lh @A=
Heftnr popnr es o quo`tetotevn popnr usnm hlr heftnre`j o`m comn lh purn
gnffuflsn trnotnm weta aymrlgaflreg o`m aymrlhfulreg ogem. ]aes heftnr
popnr es usnm os o slurgn hlr prnpore`j royl` tarnom use`j guproccl`euc
prlgnss.
AEW]L[U9
Hlr gn`turens auco`be`m aos rnfenm upl` vorelus pfo`ts o`m o`ecofs tl prlvemn
tan row cotnreofs hlr hokregs o`m gfltae`j. Wefbwlrcs, sannp,knovnr, kuhhofl
mnnr, o`m nvn` pofc fnovns orn iust slcn lh tan `oturof rnslurgns taot aovn knn`
usnm tl cnnt tansn `nnms. Alwnvnr, e` tan fost gn`tury sgen`tests aovn tur`nm tl
gancestry o`m tnga`lfljy tl grnotn o`m n`ao`gn co`y lh tan hokregs wn `lw
tobn hlr jro`tnm.
]anrn orn twl coe` gotnjlrens lh co`-comn hekrns9 talsn taot orn comn hrlc
`oturof prlmugts o`m talsn taot orn sy`tanseznm slfnfy hrlc gancegof
glcplu`ms. [oyl` es sy`tanteg hekrn prlmugnm hrlc gnffuflsn. ]aes `oturof kosn
jevns et co`y lh tan gaorogtnrestegs- flw glst, mevnrsety o`m glchlrt taot aovn
fnm tl ets plpuforety o`m suggnss. Mnvnflpnm e` o` ottncpt tl prlmugn sefb
gancegoffy, et wos lreje`offy goffnm ortehegeof sefb lr wllf sefb. ]lmoy, royl` es
4;
gl`semnrnm tl kn l`n lh tan clst vnrsotefn o`m ngl`lcegof co`-comn hekrns
ovoefokfn. Et aos knn` goffnm os ‖tan foklrotlry―s herst jeht tl tan fllc–.
fllc– .
Wgawneznr, e` ?1>:, pukfesanm tan herst popnr mnofe`j weta tan mesglvnry taot o`
occl`eogof slfutel` lh gupreg lxemn wlufm messlfvn gnffuflsn. ]aes slfutel` es
glccl`fy b`lw` e` tan fetnroturn os Wgawnetznr's rnojn`t, N. O. Tor`nhf, e`
"Fehn o`m Foklrs lh Ila` Cnrgnr", stotns9 "Cnrgnr oppnors tl aovn knn` tan herst
tl `ltegn tan rncorbokfn ogtel` waega tan occl`eogof slfutel` lh gupreg lxemn
nxnrts l` glttl` hekrn". ]an slfukefety lh gnffuflsn e` guproccl`euc wos herst
utefeznm ky tan Knrne`ejtn Jfo`zstlhh-Hokrebn` O. J. lh Nfknrhfnfm, hlr tan
prlmugtel` lh royl`. ]aes wos l`n lh tan norfenst cntalms
cntalms lh prlmuge`j royl`.
E` tan ?184―s tan Hrn`ga sefb e`mustry wos kne`j
kne `j tarnotn`nm ky o mesnosn
ohhngte`j tan sefbwlrc. Flues Tostnur o`m Glu`t Aefoern mn Gaorml``nt wnrn
stumye`j taes prlkfnc weta tan alpn lh sove`j taes vetof e`mustry. Mure`j taes
greses, Gaorml``nt kngocn e`tnrnstnm e` tan prlmugtel` lh ortehegeof sefb. E` ?11>
an potn`tnm tan herst suggnsshuf prlgnss tl prlmugn o usnokfn hekrn hrlc
gnffuflsn. Nvn` taluja ltanr sgen`tests aovn suksnqun`tfy mnvnflpnm clrn glstnhhngtevn woys lh cobe`j ortehegeof sefb. Gaorml``nt es steff gl`semnrnm os tan
hotanr lh royl`.
Hlr tan `nxt =4 ynors ynors taes wos goffnm ortehegeof lr ecetotel` sefb. Ky ?5;> et
aom mnvnflpnm e`tl o` e`mustry l`tl etsnfh o`m wos jevn` tan `ocn royl` ky tan
hnmnrof tromn glccessel`. ]an tnrc royl` ot taes tecn wos usnm tl e`megotn o`y
co` comn hekrn comn hrlc gnffuflsn ot taes tecn.
]lmoy royl` es l`n lh tan clst wemnfy usnm hokregs e` lur slgenty. Et es comn e`
glu`trens ogrlss tan wlrfm. Et go` kn kfn`mnm weta `oturof lr co` comn hokregs,
trnotnm weta n`ao`gncn`ts o`m ofsl comn tl pnrhlrc o vorenty lh hu`gtel`s.
]ANL[U9
Lh off tan hekrns, royl` es prlkokfy tan clst pnrpfnxe`j tl gl`sucnrs. Et go` kn
hlu`m e` glttl` febn n`m usns, os wnff os sucptulus vnfvnts o`m tohhntos. Et coy
hu`gtel` suggnsshuffy e` okslrkn`t o`m e` wnff okslrkn`t ayjen`n o`m
e`gl`te`n`gn poms o`m nquoffy wnff prlveme`j strn`jta e` tern gl`ms.
[oyl`
wos tane`mustry.
herst co`uhogturnm
]an tnrc
royl`
woseslhhegeoffy
omlptnm
ky
tan tnxtefn
u`febn clsthekrn.
co`comn
hekrns,
royl`
`lt sy`tanteg
.ets
47
es comn hrlc wllm pufp, o `oturoffy lggurre`j, gnffuflsn kosnm row cotnreof. Os
o rnsuft, royl` prlpnrtens orn clrn secefor tl talsn lh `oturof gnffuflsn hekrns,
suga os glttl` lr fe`n`, tao` talsn lh tanrclpfosteg, pntrlfnuc kosnm sy`tanteg
hekrns, suga os `yfl` lr plfynstnr.
Oftaluja royl` es comn hrlc wllm pufp, o rnfotevnfy e`nxpn`sevn o`m
rn`nwokfn rnslurgn, prlgnsse`j rnquerns aeja wotnr o`m n`nrjy usn, o`m aos
gl`trekutnm tl oer o`m wotnr plffutel`. Clmnr`ezotel` lh co`uhogture`j pfo`ts
o`m glcke`nm
glcke`nm weta ovoefokefety lh row cotnreof aos e`grnosnm royl`―s
glcpntetevn`nss e` tan corbnt.
T[LTN[]ENW9
Xesglsn royl` aos o sefb febn onstanteg weta supnrk mropn o`m hnnf o`m rntoe`s ets
rega o`m kreffeo`t glflurs. Ets gnffuflseg kosn gl`trekutns tl co`y prlpnrtens
secefor tl talsn lh glttl` lr ltanr `oturof gnffuflseg hekrns. [oyl` es o clesturn
okslrkn`t, krnotaokfn, glchlrtokfn tl wnor, o`m nosefy menm e` vevem glflurs. Et
mlns `lt kuefm up stoteg nfngtregety, `lr weff et peff u`fnss tan hokreg es comn hrlc
salrt, flw-twest yor`s.
[njufor royl` aos fn`jtawesn fe`ns goffnm streotel`s o`m ets grlss-sngtel` es o`
e`mn`tnm gergufor saopn. ]an grlss-sngtel`s lh AZC o`m gupro royl` orn
rlu`mnr. Hefocn`t royl` yor`s vory hrlc 14 tl 514 hefocn`ts pnr yor` o`m vory
e` sezn hrlc =4 tl >444 mn`enr. Wtopfn hekrns ro`jn hrlc ?.> tl ?> mn`enr o`m orn
cngao`egoffy lr gancegoffy grecpnm. [oyl` hekrns orn `oturoffy vnry krejat, kut
tan ommetel` lh mnfustnre`j pejcn`ts guts mlw` l` taes `oturof krejat`nss.
[oyl` es glchlrtokfn, slht tl sbe` o`m aos clmnrotn mry strn`jta o`m okrosel`
rnsesto`gn. Febn ltanr gnffuflseg hekrns, et es `lt rnsefen`t, waega cno`s taot et
weff wre`bfn weta nosn. [oyl` wetasto`ms erl`e`j tncpnroturns sfejatfy fnss tao`
ta o`
4=
taot lh glttl`. Et coy kn ottogbnm ky sefvnrhesa lr tnrcetns, kut jn`nroffy rnsest
e`sngt mocojn.
L`n lh royl`―s strn`jta
s trn`jta es ets vnrsotefety o`m okefety tl kfn`m nosefy weta co`y
hekrns, slcntecns tl rnmugn glst, ltanr tecns hlr fustrn, slht`nss, lr okslrko`gy
o`m rnsufte`j glchlrt.
[oyl` aos clmnrotn rnsesto`gn tl ogems o`m ofbofes o`m jn`nroffy tan hekrn etsnfh
es `lt mocojnm ky kfnogans2 alwnvnr myns usnm e` tan hokreg coy nxpnren`gn
glflur gao`jn. Os o gnffuflseg hekrn royl` weff kur` kut hfocn rntormo`t he`esans
coykn oppfenm.
Aeja wnt clmufus royl` (AZC) es o clmehenm vnrsel` lh vesglsn taot es
strl`jnr wan` wnt. Et ofsl aos tan okefety tl kn cnrgnreznm febn glttl`. AZC
royl`s orn ofsl b`lw` os "plfy`lseg." Tlfy`lseg heknrs orn mecn`sel`offy stokfn,
o`m ml `lt sare`b lr jnt puffnm lut lh saopn wan` wnt febn co`y royl`s. ]any
orn ofsl wnor rnsesto`t o`m strl`j waefn coe`toe`e`j o slht, sefby hnnf. ]any orn
slcntecns emn`tehenm ky tan tromn `ocn Clmof.
Aeja-tn`ogety royl` es o`ltanr clmehenm vnrsel` lh vesglsn taot aos ofclst twegn
tan strn`jta lh AZC. ]aes typn lh royl` es typegoffy usnm hlr e`mustreof
purplsns suga os tern glrm.
HEK[N T[LTN[]ENW LXN[XENZ9


[oyl` os gflta es slht o`m glchlrtokfn. et mropns wnff, waega es l`n lh tan
rnosl`s et es sl mnserokfn os o` oppornf hokreg.
Et es tan clst okslrkn`t lh off gnffuflsn hekrns, nvn` clrn sl tao` glttl`
o`m fe`n`. Kngousn lh taes , roy
royl`
l` okslrks pnrsperotel` o`m offlw
offlw et tl
nvoplrotn owoy hrlc tan sbe`, cobe`j et o` nxgnffn`t succnr hokreg.
4>




Et flsns o jrnot mnof lh strn`jta wan` wnt. Kngousn lh taes, et strntgans o`m
sare`bs clrn tao` glttl`.
Tllr mun tl e`nfostegety lh tan hekrns. Et es nosefy mocojns ky sgrope`j o`m
weff peff l` tan surhogn lh
l h tan gflta.
Kngousn lh ets nxgnssevn hfoccokefety, et e`spernm tan hfoccokfn hokregs
ogt. ]an HHO wos n`ogtnm ky tan ^.W . mnportcn`t lh glccnrgn e`
?5>7e` rnspl`sn tl pukfeg gl`gnr` lvnr o `ucknr lh snrelus kur`
oggemn`ts e`vlfve`j krusanm royl` aeja pefn swnotnrs o`m gaefmrn`
glwkly gaops waega glufm nosefy gotga hern o`m hfosa kur`.
@l stoteg kuefm up.
]UTNW LH [OUL@ HEK[NW9
Ilygn Wceta e` anr popnr l` royl` hlr Lael Wtotn ^`evnrsety Nxtn`sel`,
emn`tehens = coilr typns lh clmehegotel`s lh [oyl`. ]ansn orn9
[njufor lr (Xesglsn) [oyl`
AZC ‗ Aeja Znt Clmufus [oyl` ‗ ‑Clmof― royl`
Aeja ]n`ogety [oyl` ‗ coe`fy e`mustreof usns ‗ febn glrms o`m e` terns
Guprocl`euc [oyl`.




T[LM^G]EL@ CN]ALM9
[njufor royl` (lr vesglsn) es tan clst wemnfy prlmugnm hlrc lh royl`. ]aes
cntalm lh royl` prlmugtel` aos knn` usnm se`gn tan norfy ?544s o`m et aos tan
okefety tl prlmugn netanr hefocn`t lr stopfn hekrns. ]an prlgnss es os hlfflws9
]an stnps e`vlfvnm e` glccnrgeof co`uhogturn lh royl` e` e`mustrens go` kn
succoreznm krlomfy e`tl tan hlfflwe`j 9
48
?. Gnffuflsn9
Trlmugtel` knje`s weta prlgnssnm gnffuflsn (lktoe`nm hrlc wllm pufp
o`m pfo`t heknrs). ]an gnffuflsn gl`tn`t e` tan pufp salufm kn orlu`m 1:%
tl 5:%.
;. Eccnrsel`9
]an gnffuflsn es messlfvnm e` gousteg slmo9
(G8A?4L>)` + `@oLA ↛ (G8A5L=L@o)` + `A;L
es tan gancegof rnogtel`. ]an rnogtel`
r nogtel` gl`vnrts gnffuflsn tl ofbofe
gnffuflsn o`m rnclvns ecpuretens.
7. Trnsse`j9
]an slfutel` es tan` prnssnm kntwnn` rlffnrs tl rnclvn nxgnss fequem. ]an
prnsse`j es ml`n e` ogglrmo`gn weta tan prnss-wnejat
prnss-wnejat rotel. Trnss wnejat
rotel es tan rotel kntwnn` tan prnssnm
p rnssnm ofbofe gnffuflsn sannt wnejat tl tan
wnejat lh oer mrenm pufp. Et es omiustnm tl ;.:-7.
=. "Zaetn Gruck"9
]an prnssnm sannts orn gruckfnm lr sarnmmnm tl prlmugn waot es b`lw`
os "waetn gruck."
>. Ojne`j9
]an "waetn gruck" es ojnm tarluja nxplsurn tl lxyjn`. ]aes es o
mnplfycnrezotel` stnp o`m es ovlemnm e` gosn lh plfy`lsegs.
8. "Qo`taotel`"9
]an ojnm "waetn gruck" es cexnm weta gorkl` mesufhemn e` o prlgnss
b`lw` os "Qo`taotel`," e` waega tan ojnm ofbofe gnffuflsn grucks orn
pfognm e` vots o`m orn offlwnm tl rnogt weta gorkl` mesufhemn u`mnr
gl`trlffnm tncpnroturn (;4 tl 74 ´G) tl hlrc gnffuflsn xo`taotn9
:. "Lro`jn-Unfflw Gruck"9
]an Qo`taotel` gao`jns tan gancegof cobnup lh
l h tan gnffuflsn cexturn,
o`m tan rnsufte`j prlmugt es `lw goffnm "ynfflw gruck." ]aes lro`jn
glflrotel` es mun tl tan hlrcotel`
hlr cotel` lh slmeuc tretaelgorkl`otn (@o;GW7).
4:
1. Xesglsn9
]an "ynfflw gruck" es messlfvnm e` o gousteg slfutel` tl hlrc vesglsn.
5. [epn`e`j9
]an vesglsn es snt tl sto`m hlr o pnrelm lh tecn, offlwe`j et tl repn`9
(G8A5L=L∛WG∛W@o)` + `A;L ↛ (G8A?4L>)` + `GW; + `@oLA
es tan rnogtel`.
?4. Heftnre`j9
Ohtnr repn`e`j, tan vesglsn es heftnrnm tl rnclvn o`y u`messlfvnm
portegfns.
??. Mnjosse`j9
O`y kukkfns lh oer orn prnssnm hrlc tan vesglsn e` o mnjosse`j prlgnss.
?;. Nxtrume`j9
]an vesglsn slfutel` es nxtrumnm tarluja o spe``nrnt, waega rnsnckfns o
salwnr anom weta co`y scoff alfns.
?7. Ogem Kota9
Os tan vesglsn nxets tan spe``nrnt, et fo`ms e` o kota lh sufhureg ogem,
rnsufte`j e` tan hlrcotel` lh royl` hefocn`ts. ]an ogem es usnm os o
rnjn`nrote`j ojn`t. Et gl`vnrts gnffuflsn xo`taotn
xo` taotn kogb tl gnffuflsn. ]an
rnjn`nrotel` stnp es ropem waega mlns`'t offlw prlpnr lren`totel` lh
gnffuflsn clfngufns. Wl tl mnfoy tan prlgnss lh rnjn`nrotel`, ze`g
sufpaotn es usnm e` tan kota
k ota waega gl`vnrts gnffuflsn xo`taotn tl ze`g
gnffuflsn xo`taotn taus prlveme`j tecn hlr prlpnr
prl pnr lren`totel` tl tobn pfogn
knhlrn rnjn`nrotel`.
?=. Wpe``e`j9
]an spe``e`j lh vesglsn royl` hekrn es ml`n use`j o wnt spe``e`j prlgnss.
]an hefocn`ts orn offlwnm tl poss tarluja o glojufotel` kota ohtnr
nxtrusel` hrlc tan spe``nrnt alfns. ]wl-woy coss tro`shnr tobns pfogn.
41
?>. Mrowe`j9
]an royl` hefocn`ts orn strntganm, e` o prlgnmurn b`lw` os mrowe`j, tl
stroejatn` lut tan hekrns.
?8. Zosae`j9
]an hekrns orn tan` wosanm tl rnclvn o`y rnsemuof gancegofs hrlc tanc.
?:. Gutte`j9
Eh hefocn`t hekrns orn mnsernm, tan` tan prlgnss n`ms anrn. ]an hefocn`ts
orn gut mlw` wan` prlmuge`j stopfn hekrns.
OTTFEGO]EL@W LH [OUL@ HEK[NW9




[oyl` typegoffy aos o` nfnvotnm fustnr quofety
qu ofety jeve`j et o kreffeo`t jflss
Coe`fy, [oyl` hekrns orn usnm e` oppornf e`mustry suga os Oflao saerts,
kflusns, mrnssns, Iogbnts, Fe`jnren, sgorvns, suets, tens, aots o`m slgbs.
Wlcn royl` hekrns orn hlr heffe`j e` Yeppl fejatnrs, hur`esae`js e`gfume`j
knmsprnoms, knmsannts, kfo`bnts, we`mlw glvnrs, upalfstnry o`m
sfepglvnrs.
Hlr e`mustreof purplsns suga os cnmegof surjnry prlmugts, `l`-wlvn`
etncs, tern
glrm o`m slcn ltanr usns febn meopnrs, tlwnfs, hnce`e`n
ayjen`n
prlmugts.
45
NQTN[ECN@]9
OEC9
]an coe` lkingtevn lh tan prlingt es tl prnporn royl` tarnom hrlc
guproccl`euc prlgnss. E`stnom lh use`j wllm pufp os tan gnffuflsn slurgn,
ottncpt es ml`n tl cobn usn lh row gnffuflsn prlmugts suga os heftnr popnr.
[N_^E[NCN@]W9
Knobnrs, gl`egof hfosbs, heftrotel` hfosbs, voguuc pucp, kn`t tukn, jfoss rlm,
>4% occl`eo slfutel`, mef. @oLA slfutel`, mef. A ;WL=, heftnr popnr, lr wostn
popnr.
?4
GANCEGOF [NG]EL@W E@XFLXNM9
Mefutn @oLA slfutel` es ommnm tl o slfutel` lh glppnr sufpaotn slfutel` tl hlrc
o prngepetotn lh Gu(LA);.
GuWL= + ;@oLA ↛Gu(LA)
↛Gu(LA); + @o;WL=
]an prngepetotn es tro`shnrrnm e`tl o knobnr gl`toe`e`j fequlr occl`eo rnsufte`j
e` tan hlrcotel` lh o mnnp kfun slfutel` lh guproccl`euc aymrlxemn.
Gu(LA);+ =@A=LA ↛ RGu(@A7)=S(LA);+ =A;L
Messlfve`j heftnr popnr e` guproccl`euc aymrlxemn slfutel` fnovn lut o vesglus
slfutel` goffnm vesglsn.
T[LGNM^[N9
]an gnffuflsn es messlfvnm e` guproccl`euc aymrlxemn RGu(@A 7)=S(LA); o`m
tan prlgnmurn tl kn hlfflwnm es jevn` knflw.
?. ]l prnporn guproccl`euc aymrlxemn slfutel`9 Zneja oklut
;4.4 j lh grystoffe`n glppnr sufpaotn e` o gfno` wotga jfoss.
Messlfvn et e` ?44 cf lh wotnr tobn` e` o knobnr. Omm mefutn @oLA
slfutel` tl taes slfutel` sflwfy weta sterre`j o`m `ltn tan snporotel`
snpor otel`
lh prngepetotn lh Gu(LA);. Heftnr tan prngepetotn l` wotnr pucp o`m
wosa tan prngepetotn talrlujafy weta wotnr sl taot o plrtel` lh
heftrotn mlns `lt e`megotn prnsn`gn lh sufpaotn el`s l` tnste`j weta
KoGf; slfutel`. @lw tro`shnr tan prngepetotn tl o ;>4 cf knobnr omm
>4 cf lh fequlr occl`eo. ]an prngepetotn weff messlfvn rnsufte`j e` o
mnnp kfun slfutel` lh guproccl`euc aymrlxemn (Wgawnetznr's
slfutel`). ]aes es tan slfvn`t hlr messlfve`j gnffuflsn.
;. Messlfve`j tan gnffuflsn cottnr9Zneja oklut ? j lh lrme`ory heftnr
popnr o`m gut et e`tl scoff
scoff pengns. Omm tansn pengns tl ttan
an
guproccl`euc slfutel` tobn` e` o gl`egof hfosb. Gflsn tan hfosb
weta rukknr stlppnr o`m offlw et tl sto`m hlr 7-= moys. E` taes tecn,
heftnr popnr glcpfntnfy messlfvns fnove`j o vesglus slfutel` goffnm
vesglsn.
??
7. Hlrcotel` lh royl` hefocn`t9 ]an vesglsn slfutel` es tobn` e` o
syre`jn. ]an` tan `lzzfn lh tan syre`jn es meppnm e` o >C A ;WL=
slfutel` tobn` e` o wemn clutanm knobnr. Wqunnzn lut tan vesglus
e`tl tan ogem slfutel` o`m ot tan socn tecn bnnp l` clve`j tan
`lzzfn e` tan ogem. Fl`j hefocn`ts lh royl` weff kn hlrcnm e` tan
knobnr. ]an ogem kota es fnht u`mesturknm
u`mesturknm hlr ;= alurs, u`tef tan kfun
glflur lh royl` hefocn`t gao`jns tl waetn. [oyl` hefocn`ts orn tan`
rnclvnm hrlc tan ogem kota, wosanm weta wotnr o`m mrenm ky
bnnpe`j tanc l` heftnr popnr. Zan` tan tarnoms orn glcpfntnfy
mrenm, wneja tanc o`m mntnrce`n tan coxecuc fn`jta lh tan hekrn
hlrcnm.
?;
[NW^F]W9
]aus wn suggnsshuffy prnporn royl` tarnom use`j heftnr popnrs. ]an rnsufts salw
anrn taot tan royl` tarnoms taus hlrcnm orn usnm l`fy hlr tan slfn purplsn lh
socpfe`j.
T[NGO^]EL@W9
?. Ommetel` lh nxgnss lh fequlr lh occl`eo salufm kn ovlemnm.
;. Knhlrn tobe`j tan vesglsn e`tl tan syre`jn, cobn surn taot et mlns`―t aovn
o`y pengns lh popnr ltanrwesn tan kets lh popnr tn`m tl gflj tan `nnmfn lh
tan syre`jn.
7. Ommetel` lh fequlr occl`eo salufm kn pnrhlrcnm e` o hucn gupklorm
weta nxtro gorn ltanrwesn tan hucns eh e`aofnm gousn anovy jemme`nss.
=. Trnhnr use`j o taegb `nnmfn ltanrwesn tan hekrns wl`t glcn lut weta
prnhhnrnm taegb`nss o`m quofety.
?7
GL@GF^WEL@
]an guproccl`euc cntalm lh prlmuge`j royl` es o gl`vn`en`t cntalm tl
prlmugn royl` tarnoms. [oyl` kne`j tan clst glccl`fy usnm tarnom e` tan
nckrlemnry e`mustry, es rnfotevnfy e`nxpn`sevn o`m aos o knoutehuf sann`. ]an
o`swnr es kngousn royl` es wnob o`m `lt glflurhost. Et es `lt tan rnglccn`mnm
quofety hekrn hlr quefte`j lr nckrlemnry. Kngousn royl` es co`uhogturnm hrlc
`oturoffy lggurre`j plfycnrs, et es gl`semnrnm o snce-sy`tanteg hekrn. Wpngeheg lh
royl` e`gfumns vesglsn, clmof o`m fylgnff, noga lh waega mehhnrs e`
co`uhogture`j prlgnss o`m tan prlpnrtens lh he`esanm prlmugts.
?=
KEKFELJ[OTAU
?. attps9//n`.webepnmeo.lrj/webe/[oyl`
;. attps9//www.sfemnsaorn.`nt
7. attps9//www.egksn.glc/prlingts
=. attps9//tangancestryjuru.glc
>. attps9//gksnplrtof.glc/Trlingts/Mlw`flom-GKWN-Gfoss-QEE-Gancestry
8. attps9//www.ogomnceo.nmu
:. attp9//www.offprlingtrnplrts.glc
1. attps9//n`.webepnmeo.lrj
5. attps9//secpfn.webepnmeo.lrj
?4. attps9//www.kreto``ego.glc/tnga`lfljy
?>