Logical Connecting Words: A Summary
A. Punctuation Crib Sheet
IC=Independent Clause (could be a grammatically correct sentence on its own.)
DC=Dependent Clause (could NOT be a sentence on its own, so you have to connect it to
the main clause. Coordinators do not create dependent clauses, but subordinators do.)
IC, FANBOYS IC.
I like coffee, but I don’t like tea.
IC; transition, IC.
IC. Transition, IC.
I like coffee; however, I don’t like tea.
I like coffee. However, I don’t like tea.
IC DC.
DC, IC.
I like coffee although I don’t like tea.
Although I like coffee, I don’t like tea.
B. Logical Relationship
Addition
Transition
Also
Furthermore
Moreover
In addition
Equally important
First (second, next, finally)
FANBOYS
And
Subordinators
FANBOYS
Subordinators
FANBOYS
So
For
Subordinators
Since
Because
Example
Transition
For example
For instance
To illustrate
To demonstrate
Specifically
To take a case in point
Cause and Effect
Transition
As a result
Consequently
Hence
Therefore
Thus
Comparison
Transition
FANBOYS
Subordinators
FANBOYS
But
Subordinators
Although/though/even
though
While
Whereas
Similarly
In the same way
Likewise
Along the same lines
Contrast
Transition
In contrast
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
On the other hand
Conversely
Despite the fact that
However
On the contrary
Regardless
Instead
Yet
Nor
To emphasize or elaborate
Transition
FANBOYS
Subordinators
FANBOYS
Subordinators
FANBOYS
Subordinators
If/as long as
When/as
After/before/during
Until
Whenever
In fact
Actually
That is
In other words
To put it another way
To put it bluntly
Of course
Indeed
Ultimately
Making a Conclusion
Transition
In Conclusion/To conclude
In short
To sum up
It follows that
The upshot of all this
In brief
On the whole
Time/Condition
Transition
Meanwhile
At the same time
Subsequently
Then
Next