1320130 Week I Office hours Mon 12 30 1 30 RW206C Intro to Cells basic organizational unit of life all organisms areone or more cell which arise from preexistingcells Prokaryotic Cell h single celled but ran cohabitate s iii s single celled live in harsh odd planes it OR multicellular N has membranebound no membranebound organelles smaller than eukaryotes organelles larger more iomplex Origins of Mitochondria prokaryotes existed first v1 bit years later Endosymbiont Theory 0.0.8 loss of move terrane mm membrane y oxygenincreasing beneficial forbis 00 mitochondria w doublemembrane d symbiotic Relationship protection can reproduce makefood photosynthetic bacteria entered thesameway becoming chloroplasts happened t laterbecells with chloroplasts havehavesigns of mitochondria Evidence for Endosymbiont Hypothesis 1 Mitochondria chloroplasts have remnants of their own genomes geneticsystems that look like modern prokaryotes 2 Both Kept protein synthesis components these resemble prokaryotes too sensitive 3 fossil record 4 Information Flow RNA DNA doublemembrane around organelles different from cell membrane Protein translation transcription not all DNA transcribed DNA LENI rRNA part d mRNA translation I Protein of transport AA catalyze protein protein synthesis they all DNARNAprotein cell has at one time Proteininteractions e'x.mg characteristics jt tasttyllleicithan Nucleotide in cell of cell DNA RNA proteins are linear chains of into with polarity Nucleic Acids protein DNARNA cell's geneticmaterial different ends 1 Pentose Bases sugar scaffold forbase 2 Nitrogenous base varies 3 Phosphate group backbone IP ZP'sSP's DNARNA RNA Mt differences Ribose e v c T Pyrimidine see pthinepyramids 919 Purethings are good Acid Nomenclature GLAU Deoxyribose go NucleicAcidChains hosphodiester bond BASE t SUGAR NUCLEOSIDE BASE PHOSPHATE SUGAR DNA synthesized from dNTPs RNA synthesized from NTP NUCLEOTIDE Molecular Interaitions 2 Eleitrostatic attractions z ionic bonds H bonds 3 Van der Waals attraitions 4 Hydrophobic force individually weak but ran come together to bond molecules Double Stranded DNA base Jen bonds sugar Hydrophobic interactions van der Waals attractions Double Helix Structure energetically favourable proteins recognizemakecontact with specific DNA grooves Separating DNA strands sequences in