PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE
PRELIMS
CULTURE
 Is the sum of the symbols, ideas, forms
of expressions and materials products
associated with a social system
 Is derived from the latin word cultus
which means "care"-a care and
attention provided to a human person
as he grows into a mature person
 Is a design, recipe or roadmap, for
living that guides the behavior of
members of society
 A very powerful force that affects the
lives of the member of a society
KIND OF CULTURE
 MATERIAL CULTURE. Refers to the
concrete and tangible things that man
creates and uses. This includes dwelling
units, tools, weapons, clothings, books,
machine, artifacts relic, fossils etc.things that man creates by altering the
natural environment.
 NON-MATERIAL CULTURE. Refers to
non-material things or intangible
objects which the person uses, follows,
professes, or strives to conform. It
includes knowledge ,laws, lifestyles,
techniques, ideas, customs, behaviors,
among others. This kind of culture is
the area of sociological
study.
NON MATERIAL CULTURE
 BELIEFS.
○ These are man's perception
about the reality of things and
shared ideas about how the
environment operates. Man's
evolution, attitudes, values,
ideology, and religion may
influence man's belief.
○ superstitious beliefs are
not based on scientific
evidences.
 KNOWLEDGE.
○ Knowledge is a body of facts and
beliefs that people acquire and
accumulate over time. It consists of
information about places, events,
and people. It binds or links
individuals in a society.
○ knowledge maybe natural,
supernatural, technical and magical.)
 NORMS.
○ These are guides or models of
behavior which tell how people
should behave in a particular
situations; what people ought or not
ought to do. They set limits by which
individuals achieve their goals.
○ They regulate people's behavior in a
given society; a societal perception
on how one is to act in a given
situations-for example in any sport,
restaurant, church, recreational
center, etc
○ Norms are usually in the form of
rules, standards or prescriptions and
socially shared expectations.
○ forms of norms
A. MORES. These are norms
associated with strong ideas of
right and wrong. Mores are
standards of conduct that are
highly respected and valued by
the group and their fulfillment
is felt to be necessary and vital
group welfare
B. FOLKWAYS. These are norms
that are simply customary,
normal, habitual ways a group
does things. These customary
ways are accumulated and
become repetitive patterns of
expected behavior, which
tends to become permanent
traditions.
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PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE
PRELIMS
 SANCTIONS
○ Sanctions are prescribed norms of
conduct exposed by society to an
individual for him to conform to
moral standards and accepts those
that are favorable to a group. Formal
sanctions are prescribed norms of
conduct that are written guide for
individuals to conform with.
○ Informal sanctions are those
prescribed norms of conduct which
are transmitted by word of mouth
from one person or group to
another.
○ Whether formal or non-formal,
sanctions always imposed rewards to
those who observe the norms of
conduct and punish those whose
violate the norms of conduct.
 LANGUAGE.
○ Perhaps, the most defining
characteristics of human being is the
ability to develop and use highly
complex system of symbols like
language
 VALUES.
○ They are shared ideas about
desirable goals. They are the
person's ideas about worth and
desirability or an abstract of what is
important and worthwhile.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
 CULTURE IS LEARNED AND ACQUIRED
○ Culture is not instinctive nor part or
biological equipment of man. It is acquired
through the senses and experiences from
the neighbors, family, playmates, schools,
churches, and other agents of socialization.
 CULTURED IS SHARED AND TRANSMITTED.
○ To continuously preserve culture, it is best
to share to other people or to transmit it to
the next generation, or else it will die a
natural death.
 CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE OR DYNAMIC
○ Culture is always changing. New ideas,
procedures, and techniques are added,
modified or discarded. People must be
prepared and ready to conform to these
changes .
 CULTURE IS CUMULATIVE.
○ Certain features of culture have been
retained today and they modified and
innovated to make them new and update.
 CULTURE IS IDEATIONAL
○ Culture is ideal pattern of behavior which
the members are expected to follow. Thus,
the members of society see society from
the standpoint of culture.
 CULTURE GRATIFIES HUMAN NEEDS.
○ Cultures continues to exist if it satisfies
human needs biologically and
psychologically. An individual is likely to
follow and observe cultural techniques that
satisfy his needs.
 CULTURAL IS SOCIAL
○ Culture is a group product developed by
many individuals interacting in a group. The
habits and knowledge of the members in a
group is shared by the other members.
 CULTURAL IS INTEGRATION
○ By integration, it means that there is a
tendency for individuals to fully appreciate
those elements in culture that are best for
them and these are very often integrated in
their personality and become a part of their
behavior.
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PRELIMS
FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
 IT SERVES AS THE TRADEMARK OF THE
PEOPLE IN A SOCIETY.
○ It serves as a distinguishing mark
of one group of people to
another.
 IT GIVES MEANING TO MAN'S
EXISTENCE.
○ There is no society that does not
have a culture. Through culture,
the existence of the members of
a society becomes more
meaningful and purposive
 CULTURE UNIFIES DIVERSE BEHAVIOR.
○ Each individual behavior that is
brought into the society is unified
and coordinated with other
individual's behavior.
 CULTURE PROVIDES SOCIAL
SOLIDARITY.
○ It develops loyalty and devotion
for a common national pride.
 CULTURE ESTABLISHES SOCIAL
PERSONALITY.
○ Despite differences among
individuals, there is only one
social personality that is
produced in society.
 CULTURE PROVIDES SYSTEMATIC
BEHAVIORAL PARTTERN.
○ Individuals are governed by
culture. Each culture consists of
one norm as basis for all
individuals to observe.
 CULTURE PREDICTS SOCIAL BEHAVIOR.
○ Since knowledge and ideas are
internalized by the members of a
particular society, the culture of
the members can be the basis of
predicting the behavior of the
members in the society
 CULTURE PROVIDES SOCIAL
STRUCTURE CATEGORY.
○ The existing culture of the
people in a certain society could
be the basis of judging the kind
of social structure existing in the
society .
MODES OF ACQUIRING CULTURE
 IMITATION.
○ Children and adults alike have the tendency to
imitate the values, attitudes, language and all
other things in their social environment.
 INDOCTRINATION OR SUGGESTION
○ This may take the form of formal training or
informal training. Formally, the person learns
from school. Informally, he may acquire those
behaviors from listening or watching, reading,
attending training activities or through
interaction.
 CONDITIONING.
○ The values and attitudes of other people
acquired through conditioning. This
conditioning can be reinforced through reward
and punishment.
ADAPTATION OF CULTURE
 PARALLELISM.
○ The same culture may take place in two or
more different places. For example, the
domestication of dogs, cats, pig and other
animals may have semblance in other places.
 DIFFUSION.
○ This refers to those behavioral patterns that
pass back and forth from one culture to
another. Examples are food and eating
practices, marriage and wedding ceremonies,
burial ritual, feast celebration.
 CONVERGENCE.
○ When two or more culture are fused or
merged into one culture making it different
from the original culture.
 FISSION.
○ When people break away from their original
culture and start developing a different culture
of their own
 ACCULTURATION.
○ Individuals incorporate the behavioral patterns
of other culture into their own either voluntary
or by force.
 ASSIMILATION.
○ When the culture of a larger society is adopted
by a smaller society , that small society assumes
some of culture of the larger or host of society
 ACCOMODATION.
○ When the larger society and smaller society are
able to respect and tolerate each other's culture
even if there is a prolonged contact of each
other's culture
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PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE
PRELIMS
FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES
POSITIVE OR ACCEPTABLE CULTURAL
VALUES AND PRACTICES
 "BALIKATAN" SYSTEM
○ When an individual is confronted
with a problem or difficulty,
everybody shares the burden of
helping the person who is in
need of assistance
○ Examples: sharing in the
expenses during an emergency
or times of needs, pooling a
common fund from which the
members borrow for their
needs; giving reliefs in the form
of cash or kind to a person struck
by calamities
 "BAYANIHAN" SYSTEM
○ A certain task is effectively and
Easily completed if everybody
shares his time, effort and
money to expedite the
completion of a task.
○ Example: Transferring the whole
nipa hut to another place is done
by bayanihan way; digging a
drainage canal by the barangay
people; cleaning the area for the
putting up a basketball court
 "PAKIKISAMA" CONFORMITY
○ This is a positive way of yielding
to the groups's unanimous of
majority's decision so as to
complete a task. Without it,
there would be disunity in the
group. To get along well with the
group, even with some
important commitment is
"magaling makisama "
 SMOOTH INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (SIR)
○ This is value based on good relationship
with people. SIR is characterized by the use
of go-between and euphemism. The use
"go-between" necessitates the hiring of a
third party to act as a "bridge" or referee to
assuage a bruise, heal a "wound" in his
relations with people whose good will is
important.
○ Examples: act as middleman to an
embarrassing request as a loan, a complaint
or to avoid " hiya" or a face-to-face
confrontation.
 "PAKIKIRAMAY"
○ This is sympathetic attitude to another
person and it is emphasized by the
statement "di ka nag-iisa". This is often
practiced among friends, neighbors, distant
relatives and among barrio mates and town
mates. In times of grief or distress or even
the death of a person, the bereaved family
is extended a condolence by other
individuals.
 "COMPADRE OR COMADRE" SYSTEM
○ The closeness of family ties is usually
extended to ritual kinship to include
"ninong" and "ninang". These sponsors to a
baptismal, confirmation, or wedding
ceremonies are usually prominent people in
the community.
 "UTANG NA LOOB" OR THE SENSE OF
GRATITUDE.
○ One aspect of this is in gif-giving, that is,
when a gift is given, it is "utang na loob" of
the recipient.
 DESIRE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT
○ Every Filipino family wants to succeed and
for the children to be successful in their
aspirations. Parents feel that education can
bring success to their children as if it is the
only legacy they can give to them
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PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE
PRELIMS
 HOSPITALITY VALUE
○ This value is done by people welcoming
visitors with warmth and enthusiasm at
home or by inviting them to visit their
homes or wherever circumstances warrant.
Hospitality can promote goodwill and
cooperation
 FIESTA CELEBRATION.
○ Celebration can serve every important
purposes. It strengthens family loyalty and
unity; it serves to acquire new friends and
allies; may heal individual's animosity and
misunderstanding; may serve to strengthen
the power structure; may serve to display
the affluence of the host.
○ On the other hand, fiesta celebration has
negative effects when the host incur so
much debt that could hardly repay.
 FAMILISM OR CLOSE FAMILY RELATIONS.
○ A Filipino trait of giving highest importance
to the family above other things. A trait
wherein family members should be taken
care and supported regardless of whether
he/she did something wrong, a family
member must be given and should not be
abandoned.
 FUN LOVING TRAIT
○ A trait found in most Filipinos, a trait that
makes them unique that even in times of
calamities and other challenges in life, they
always have something to be happy about ,
a reason to celebrate.
 COMPASSIONATE
○ A Filipino trait of being sympathetic to
other even if the person is a stranger. An
example of this is giving alms to the
beggars. This is observed when we hear
Filipinos saying,"kawawa naman or
nakakaawa naman"
 REGIONALISM
○ A Filipino trait of giving more priority or
preference in giving favors to his proving
mate before others.
 FRIENDLY
○ A trait found in most of Filipinos. They are
sincere, loyal, kind and sociable people.
 FLEXIBLE OR MAGALING MAKIBAGAY
○ The ability of Filipinos to " ride-on" or adjust to
the norms of the other group just to attain
smooth harmonious relationship.
 RELIGIOUS
○ Most Filipinos posses strong conformance of
their religious belief both in words and in deeds.
 RESPECT TO ELEDERS.
○ A Filipino Filipino trait of Being courteous both
in words and deeds to other people.
 RESOURCEFULNESS
○ A Filipino trait of being creative and resourceful.
The ability to do things that are next to
impossible. Example is Fixing appliances that
look impossible to repair
 PATIENCE
○ Filipinos are known for their tenancy and strong
determination in every undertaking.
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