Cell is a structural biological and the functional unit of life the most fundamental property of all living things is the ability to reproduce example in bacterial cell considered as prokaryotes they reproduce via binary fission binary fission is a asexual reproduction by separation of the body into two new bodies, bacteria duplicates its genetic material which is the DNA and divided into parts which is the cytokinesis eukaryotes cell division is happening (mitosis and meiosis) tissue group of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function, composed of cells organs is composed of tissues connective tissue is a tissue that connects, separates, and support all other types of tissue in the body epithelium tissue form in sheets that cover the internal and external body surface andalso the secreting organ, the function is secretion, protection, absorption, transportation, and special sensory receptive muscle tissue specialized tissue found in animals which functions as contracting, apply forces, consists of fibers (actin and myosin) nervous tissue found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, it consists of neurons and supporting cells known as neurophia, two category of cell neurons and neurophia, responsible for control of body and communication among the parts germ cell (sperm and egg cells) embryonic precursor of gametes, only cell in the body that have half the amount of chromosome haploid describe a cell that contain a single set of chromosome (meiosis) diploid means contain two sets of chromosome 1 inherited from each parent (mitosis) stem cell with potential to develop in to many different types of cells in the body (RBC, WBC, Platelet) can divide o give rise to the differentiated cells (cell renewal) archaea and bacteria lack of organelle or other internal membrane structure, do not have true nucleus, they have single chromosome (one piece of circular double stranded DNA) eukaryotes (linear) organisms with cells with true nucleus and membrane bound organelle (animalia, plantia, fungi) algae considered as eukaryote but unicellular carbohydrates function provide energy and contribute to cell structure (glucose converts to pyruvate and ATP (used for cell function)) considered as structural component of cellulose in plant, a constituent of nucleotide (In DNA it contains deoxi-ribose (sugar), phosphate, bases. In RNA it contains ribose (sugar), phosphate, bases) enzymes is made up of proteins, no enzyme = no energy, enzyme facilitates glucose pyruvate and ATP nucleic acid - main information carrying molecules of the cell by directing the process of protein synthesis central dogma - dna to dna (replication) - dna transcribe to rna (transcription) - rna translated to protein (translation) - product of central dogma (DNA) is protein cell membrane is found in all cell that separates the interior of the cell from outside of the environment in bacteria and plant cell the cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its outside surface gram positive have thick cell wall hydrophobic tail - water fearing, non-polar, function (para di basta pumasok yung molecules sa cell even water, needs receptor) hydrophilic head - water loving, polar, function is to interact with inner (cytosol or cytoplasm that contains organelles) and outer environment (water) organelles - a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs in a cell exocytosis - a process of moving material from within the cell and exterior part of a cell (going out) - ex: secretion: making milk endocytosis - substance that are external to a cell that are brought inside the cell (going in)
