ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 1 ZIMBABWE MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) jUNIOR (GRADE 3-7) SYLLABUS (2015 - 2022) Curriculum Development and Technical Services, P.O. Box MP 133, Mount Pleasant, Harare All Rights Reserved Revised 2015 ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page i Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valid contribution in the production of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT): l The National ICT Syllabus Panel: o Representatives from Universities, Technical and Teachers’ Colleges o Representatives of Book Publishers o Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council (ZIMSEC) l United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) l United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) i ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page ii Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................i 1.0 PREAMBLE......................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................1 1.4 Assumptions .........................................................................................1 1.2 1.3 2.0 3.0 1.5 Rationale...............................................................................................1 Summary of Content.............................................................................1 Cross-Cutting Themes..........................................................................1 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUS...........................................................1 AIMS .................................................................................................................2 4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES...............................................................................2 6.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE................................................................................3 5.0 7.0 8.0 TOPICS.............................................................................................................2 COMPETENCE MATRIX ..................................................................................5 ASSESSMENT ...............................................................................................23 8.1 Assessment objectives .............................................................................23 8.2 Scheme of Assessment ............................................................................23 Skills Weighting Grid.................................................................................25 9.0 ii 8.3 Specific Grids............................................................................................25 APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN QUESTION PAPERS......30 ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 1 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus 1.0 PREAMBLE 1.1 Introduction The ICT syllabus is one of nine learning areas at Junior level as noted in the reviewed Curriculum Framework. It provides a broad perspective on the basic knowledge and practical skills on how to use and apply a variety of technologies in everyday life. The syllabus intends to equip learners with the general understanding of how information systems are designed to suit particular applications and how such systems work. The ICT syllabus is intended to be infused within other subjects in the school curriculum. The syllabus will follow a developmental approach that will lead learners to grow into a mature relationship with ICT throughoutthe Junior education course. and ability to communicate. ICT provides unique opportunities for scaffolding and supporting learners with special learning needs, and learners from culturally or linguistically diverse backgrounds. The use of ICT encompasses enterpriseskills, a significant contributor to the socio-economic transformation of the nation. 1.4 Assumptions The syllabus assumes that learners: l are able to manipulate some electronic tools at home l have innate desire to explore the basic elements and principles of design l have an appreciation of ICT tools l are confident in dealing with complexities l are able to communicate and work with others to achieve a common goal or solution. 1.2 Rationale ICT requires learners to pay rigorous attention to developing adequate life and career skills. It adequately equips today’s learners in entry-level work and beyond, in further study and lifelong learning, and in their personal lives as inquisitive, reflective, discerning and caring citizens. ICT is significantly enhancing and altering human activities, enabling us to live, work and think in ways that most of us never thought possible. Since technology has an increasingly significant impact, and such broad implications for every individual, groups and entire nation, learners must be prepared to understand, use and apply ICT in effective and efficient ways. 1.3 Summary of Content The Junior School ICT syllabus covers theory and practical activities in areas such as drawing, programming and designing. This enables learners to be exposed to a wide variety of ICT tools and programmes which develop expertise, originality, confidence, self-identity (Unhu/Ubuntu/Vumunhu) 1.5 Cross-Cutting Themes ICT learning area will encompass and have a universal thrust on the following cross cutting themes: l l l l l l l l Financial Literacy Collaboration HIV and AIDS Heritage Studies Child Protection Gender Environmental Issues Disaster Risk Management 2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUS The syllabus is presented as a single document catering for the junior level. 1 ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 2 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus 3.0 AIMS The syllabus aims to enable learners to: 3.1 appreciate the role and impact of ICTs as they apply to self, work and society 3.2 develop an understanding of the operating skills required in a variety of technologies and acquire enterprise skills using ICTs 3.3 be creative and innovative in solving problems through ICTs 3.4 infuse ICTs in other learning areas across the curriculum apply moral and ethical approaches to the use of technology and create cultural heritage awareness, its preservation and development using ICTs. 4.4 manipulate data using ICTs 4.5 apply the elements and principles of design 4.6 present information in a variety of forms 4.7 archive cultural information using ICTs 4.8 infuse ICT into other learning areas 4.9 demonstrate the effectiveness of computer use, safety and security. 4.10 demonstrate enterprise skills 5.0 TOPICS 5.1 ICT Tools 4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES By the end of the course, learners should be able to: 4.1 identify ICT tools in the environment 4.2 create a computer based solution from a given problem statement 4.3 operate ICT tools to achieve specific tasks 2 5.2 Creating and Publishing 5.3 Computer Software 5.4 Safety and Security 5.5 The World Wide Web and Online Collaboration 5.6 ICT Enterprise 5.7 Programming 5.8 Communication and Networks • Data capture clerk • Sound technician ICT ENTERPRISE ! • Web page • Search Engines • Information Presentation • e-Messages THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION ! ! • Passwords SAFETY AND SECURITY ! ! • Uses of software • Text Input • File management • Multimedia COMPUTER SOFTWARE ! • Charts • Bar Graphs • Pictograms • Images • Database Principles CREATING AND PUBLISHING ! GRADE 3 • Types of Computers ! TOPIC ICT TOOLS ! ! • Computer Operator • Copyist • Web page • Search Tools • Search engines • Information Presentation • e-Messages • Computer Viruses • Desktop Publishing • File management • Multimedia • Presentations • Slide show of drawings • Databases GR 4 • Computer peripherals 6.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE • Digital Photographer • Surfing the Internet • E-mail • Cyber Wellness • Sending and receiving information (VoIP) • Multimedia GR5 • Fault diagnosis and fixing • Animation • Databases Spreadsheets Installation of software Data storage Multimedia Web Page Surfing the Internet Mailbox Web design • Web Developer • • • • • Hacking • • • • GR6 • Hardware And Software Maintenance • Database forms and reports ! ! Firewalls Antivirus Data Legislation Surfing the Internet Web design • ICT Careers • Web Designing • Software Technicians • Network Technicians • • • • • • Multimedia • Database queries GR7 • Faults in ICT Tools ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 3 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus 3 4 ! ! ! ! COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS TOPIC PROGRAMMING ! ! ! ! GR3 • Sequence of Instructions ! GR4 • Sequence of Instructions • Network Types • Network Connectivity • Network Topologies • Network Components GR5 • Programming Games • • • • Network Types Network Connectivity Network Topologies Network Components GR6 • Non-gaming ! ! • Cable design • Network Setup • Peer to peer Connections • Mobile Networks • Internet Services Gr7 • Text based Programming ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 4 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus TOPIC ! ! 7.2 CREATING AND PUBLISHING 7.1 ICT TOOLS ! Grade 3 ! • Database Principles • create branching databases • identify objects and questions to classify data ! • Images • take photographs for a range of different purposes • add images and sound to a presentation • use presentation software to create basic presentations ! ! • Charts < Bar Graphs < Pictograms • create graphs • ammend created graphs • interpret any given graph • present information in different forms ! ! • Types of Computers < Desktop < Laptop < Palmtop such as Smart phone, Tablet CONTENT/ COMPETENCIES • identify different types of personal computers • distinguish different types of computers • use any type of computer LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learners should be able to: 7.0! Competency Matrix • Constructing branching databases • Identifying objects using yes or no questions • Capturing images for a range of different purposes • Downloading images from a digital camera • Creating basic presentations and adding images and sound • Using a graphing package to create a graph • Adding labels and amending the charts • Deducing information from graphs • Showing the same information on different graphs • Naming different types of computers • Matching computer pictures with their names • Describing different types of computers • Operating any type of computer SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND NOTES ! ! • Microsoft PowerPoint, open source presentation software, digital cameras, headsets with microphones • Text ease • Microsoft Word • Presentation • Ms Excel, Computers, printed graphs • Picture clips of computers, desktop, laptop, palmtops SUGGESTED RESOURCES ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 5 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus 5 6 ! ! 7.3 COMPUTER SOFTWARE TOPIC ! ! ! ! ! ! ! • Combine text, images and sound • record and store music, voice and video • explore sound and music in ICT using keyboards, and onscreen music software • Multimedia < Text < Images < Sound • Demonstrating how to combine text, images and sound to come up with a multimedia file • Recording each other singing using a range of tools • Composing and recording basic rhythms • Match storage device to its name • Practising insertion of storage devices • Opening files from storage devices using the appropriate application • Typing text and inserting images to create a printable document • Designing a document with word art • Changing text appearance • Text Input < Adding images < Text boxes < Word art < Save and load their work • Formatting text < Font type < Font size < Font Colour • File management < Memory cards < CD/DVDs < Flash disk • identify given storage devices • insert a storage device • Retrieve information from storage devices • Naming ICT appliances that use software at home, school and workplace • Discussing the functions of computer software at home, school and workplace • Uses of software < Software in the home < Software in the school < Software in the workplace • identify the ICT appliances that use software at home, school and workplace • describe the functions of computer software at home, school and workplace • create a word-processing document • insert word art in a document • edit document using word processing tools SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND NOTES CONTENT/ COMPETENCIES LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learners should be able to: ! ! • Computers, cameras, smartphones, drawings, picture clips, speakers. headsets, Moviemaker • Memory cards, CDs, DVDs, Flash disks • Intercom, computers, elearning software, DSTV, remotes, life support systems • Typing Tutor, MS Word, WordPad, computers, printers SUGGESTED RESOURCES ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 6 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus ! ! ! ! ! ! /9)!<'27,!<0,)! <)8!*+,! &'77*8'2*/0'+! 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CONTENT/ COMPETENCIES LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learners should be able to: • Listening to a presentation from a data capture clerk and sound technician • Demonstrating how a PA system works • Exploring floor objects such as turtles, logo, sprites • Inputting a sequence of instructions using icons • Drawing shapes by inputting a sequence of instructions • Modifying a sequence of instructions to follow a pattern or create a shape SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND NOTES ! ! • PA system • Resource person e.g. Data Capture Clerk, Sound technician • Turtle, logo, scratch SUGGESTED RESOURCES ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 8 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus /'(0&! ! ! ! ! ! 6#X!&2)*/0+1!*+,! (.870%90+1! 6#W!0&/!/''7%! ! ! GRADE 4 •!A0,0B0&%&! M!"0B1%&! •!033!30,0!,'!05!%6.&,.54!30,0B0&%! •!+&%!,/%!30,0!.5!05!%6.&,.54!30,0B0&%!,'! 4%5%-0,%!4-0$/&!053!</0-,&! ! ! ! •!@-%&%5,0,.'5&! •!:1.3%!:/'8!8.,/! 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ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 13 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus 13 14 ! ! ! ! 7.21 PROGRAMMING 7.20 ICT ENTREPRISE 7.19 THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION TOPIC ! ! ! • Programming Games • use templates on a computer to create a game, which can be controlled by external inputs • plan and sequence instructions whilst predicting their result • modify parameters and algorithms and view the effect this has on the response ! ! • Digital Photographer - photo editing - video editing • state the role of a Digital Photographer • capture photos • record videos • edit photos and videos • print photos • e-mail - e-mail accounts - logging in and out • Surfing the Internet < Researching • use short search terms to make searches more effective • use sites that are recognised to gather information • scan-read webpages to find information • interact with peers from another school • explain how e-mail works • describe the structure of an e-mail address • create an e-mail account • compose and send a message • log onto an e-mail account CONTENT/ COMPETENCIES LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learners should be able to: • Discussing the roles of a Digital Photographer • Capturing photos and record videos for various events • Editing photos and videos • Printing photos • Using templates to create games • Plan a set of instructions before testing and refining them • Changing parameters and observing the responses • Constructing short and relevant search terms • Gathering information from recognised educational websites • Scanning web pages and their content to gather information • Collaborating with peers on a project to produce a finished piece to support topic work • Refining contributions to a shared document • Discussing how e-mail works • Explaining the structure of an e-mail address • Demonstrating how to create an account • Creating and sending a message • Signing in and out of an e-mail account SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND NOTES ! • Computer game software such as 2DIY • Digital cameras, Scanner, DVD Movie Maker, Adobe Photoshop, Printer • Internet • Free e-mail account such as Yahoo, Gmail, Outlook • Computers • Internet, Search engines like Google, Yahoo, Ask.com SUGGESTED RESOURCES ! 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ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 22 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 23 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus 8.0 ASSESSMENT The syllabus’ scheme of assessment is grounded on the principle of inclusivity. Arrangements, accommodations and modifications must be visible in both continuous and summative assessments to enable candidates with special needs to access assessment. 8.1 ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES 8.1.1 Knowledge and Understanding Learners should be able to: l identify ICT tools in the environment l recognise information in a variety of forms l communicate using ICT tools l incorporate ICT into other subjects l present information in a variety of forms l archive cultural information using ICT l recognize professionals in ICT 8.1.2 Problem solving Learners should be able to: l create a computer project from a given problem statement l give commands to control a device using ICT l present information in a variety of forms l design data flow diagrams 8.1.3 Practical Skills Learners should be able to: l select and apply appropriate techniques and principles to develop presentations l design and develop solutions to given problem l create a computer project from a given problem statement l diagnose faults and repair ICT tools l updating and using anti – virus software 8.2 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT The ICT Syllabus embraces both continuous assessment and summative examinations. Continuous Assessment (55%) 23 ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 24 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus Profiling, tests, and practical assignments are administered and collated from Infant through to Grade 7. Projects through research and designs start at Grade 5. All the marks contribute to the final mark. Summative Assessment (45%) The summative assessment comprises two components as follows: Paper 1 1 hour 30 minutes – (40 marks) 20% There are 40 multiple choice questions and candidates are required to answer all. Paper 2 1 hour 30 minutes – (40 marks)25% Paper 2 comprises of Section A and B. Section A with approximately 25 questions is compulsory and carries 25 marks. Section B is a choice Section which carries 15 marks. A candidate is expected to choose 3 questions out of 5 questions. Each question carries 5 marks. Model of Assessment Assessment of learner performace in ICT 100% Continuous Assessment Continuous Assessment Summative Assessment 35% Projects Tests Profiling 15% Profile EXIT PROFILE 20% Practical Assignments 20% Structured test 25% Continuous Assessment Mark = Continuous Examination Assessment Mark = 55% 35% 45% FINAL MARK ICT 100% 24 MCQ 20% ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 25 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus There are three papers as shown in the table below. PAPER DESCRIPTION 1 Multiple Choice Questions 3 Continuous Assessment 2 TOTAL Structured Questions DURATION 1½ hours 1 KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATION (%) UNDERSTANDING (%) 2 30 40 10 20 35 3 40 40 WEIGHTING % 20 40 1½ hours SKILLS WEIGHTING GRID PAPER MARKS 25 100 PROBLEM SOLVING (%) 30 25 20 55 100 PRACTICAL SKILLS(%) TOTAL - 100 50 100 - 100 8.3 SPECIFICATION GRIDS PAPER 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TOTAL Topic ICT tools Creating and Publishing Computer software Safety and Security The world wide web and collaboration online Enterprise using ICT Communication and networks Programming Application software Weighting (%) 5 10 10 5 10 10 10 15 15 100 PAPER 2 STRUCTURED TEST 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TOTAL Topic ICT tools Creating and Publishing Computer software Safety and Security The world wide web and collaboration online ICT Enterprise Communication and networks Programming Application software Weighting (%) 5 10 10 5 10 10 10 15 15 100 25 ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 26 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus PAPER 3 PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TOPIC Weighting(%) Application software 30 Creating and Publishing 40 Multimedia World wide Web and Online Collaboration Programming TOTAL 10 10 10 100 JUNIOR INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY PROFILE CHECKLIST Key: 5. 5. Excellent 4. Very Good Please Tick one Appropriate Box GRADE 3 ICT TOOLS Can identify different types of computers Can operate any type of computer CREATING AND PUBLISHING Can create a graph Can interpret a graph Can capture images Can transfer image from source to other devices Can add images and sound to a presentation Can classify data COMPUTER SOFTWARE Can interact with computer embedded systems Ability to create a word processing document Editing a word processing document Formatting a word processing document Saving a document Can identify different storage devices Can retrieve information from storage devices Combining text, images and sound to create multimedia presentations Can record audio Ability to compose music using musical software 26 3. Good 1 2. Satisfactory 2 3 4 5 1. Needs Help DATES COMMENTS ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:08 PM Page 27 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus SAFETY AND SECURITY 1 2 3 4 5 DATES COMMENTS Can create a password Can remove passwords Can change passwords THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION Ability to navigate a web page Can use different search engines Can navigate within a web page to find information Can find information using search engines Ability to send electronic messages ICT ENPTREPRISE Identifying professionals in ICT PROGRAMMING Programming proficiency GRADE 4 ICT TOOLS Can use peripheral devices Can connect peripheral devices CREATING AND PUBLISHING Preparing PowerPoint presentations Ability to analyse data from given tables COMPUTER SOFTWARE Ability to design cards Transferring files between storage devices Incorporation of text, images and sound to a presentation Ability to use audio recording software SAFETY AND SECURITY Scanning and removing computer viruses THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION Ability to create bookmarks to frequently visited sites Ability to use search tools Ability to send electronic messages with attachments Download messages with attachments ICT ENPTREPRISE Identifying professionals in ICT 27 ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:09 PM Page 28 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus PROGRAMMING Programming proficiency GRADE 5 ICT TOOLS Identifying faults in ICT tools Resolving faults in ICT tools CREATING AND PUBLISHING Creating a database table Manipulating records in a table COMPUTER SOFTWARE Exchanging educational materials online Composing and recording music using musical software Producing multimedia presentations SAFETY AND SECURITY Showing Unhu/ Ubuntu/ Vumunhu when online THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION Searching educational information from the internet. Online collaboration with peers to produce work on a common subject Creating e-mail account Operating an e-mail account ICT ENPTREPRISE Identifying professionals in ICT PROGRAMMING Programming proficiency COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS Ability to connect a device to a wired network Distinguishing network types Illustrate network topologies Setting up a peer to peer connection GRADE 6 ICT TOOLS Ability to utilize utility software applications CREATING AND PUBLISHING Presenting forms and reports Arranging records using a set criteria 28 1 2 3 4 5 DATES COMMENTS ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:09 PM Page 29 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus COMPUTER SOFTWARE Perform mathematical calculations on spreadsheet data Creating charts using spreadsheets data Sorting data Ability to install and uninstall software Saving and retrieving files to and from a cloud Creating 2D and 3D images Manipulating 2D and 3D images Recording educational video 1 2 3 4 5 DATES COMMENTS SAFETY AND SECURITY Demonstrating ways of curbing hacking. THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION Navigating a web page Designing a web page using a template Managing mailbox ICT ENPTREPRISE Identifying professionals in ICT PROGRAMMING Proficiency in creating non-gaming software COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS Ability to connect to a wireless network Transferring files via wired and wireless networks Creating network topology models Sharing resources on a network GRADE 7 ICT TOOLS Diagnosing and fixing faults in ICT tools Assembling and disassembling ICT tools CREATING AND PUBLISHING Creating queries using the design wizard Creating reports using the design wizard COMPUTER SOFTWARE Ability to alter images Cropping and editing images Creating and Editing video clips SAFETY AND SECURITY Installing and updating antivirus programs Configuring firewalls Awareness of data protection laws THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND ONLINE COLLABORATION Uploading text, images and videos to a website 29 ICT Junior 01-10-16.qxp_Layout 1 13/10/2016 1:09 PM Page 30 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Junior (Grade 3 - 7) Syllabus ICT ENPTREPRISE Outlining roles of ICT professionals 1 2 3 4 5 DATES COMMENTS PROGRAMMING Programming proficiency COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS Produce and test a network cable Create a peer to peer network Ability to use mobile devices Interaction with internet services 9.0 APPENDICES APPENDIX I: GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN QUESTION PAPERS It is hoped that the glossary will be helpful to learners as a guide. The glossary has been deliberately kept brief not only with respect to the number of terms included but also to the descriptions of their meanings. Learners should appreciate that the meaning of a term must depend in part on its context. 1. Define 2. State 3. List 4. Explain 5. Describe 6. Outline 7. Predict/deduce 8. Suggest 9. Find 10. Determine is intended literally, only a formal statement or equivalent paraphrases being required. implies a concise answer with little or no supporting argument e.g. numerical answer that can readily be obtained by inspection requires a number of points generally each of one word with no elaboration, where a number of points is specified this should not be exceeded. may imply reasoning or some reference to theory depending on the context requires the candidate to state in words (using diagrams where appropriate) the main points of the concept implies brevity that is restricting the answer to given essentials the candidate is expected to produce the expected answer by making a logical connection between other pieces of information it is used in two main contexts that is either to imply that there is no unique answer or to imply that learners are expected to apply their general knowledge is a general term that may variously be interpreted as calculate, measure, determine etc often implies that the quantity concerned cannot be measured directly but is obtained by calculation APPENDIX II: ACRONYMS 2D 3D 2G 3G 4G ATM CDs CCTV CPU DVDs GUI 30 ICT 2 Dimensional 3 Dimensional Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Automated Teller Machine Compact Disks Closed Circuit Television Central Processing Unit Digital Versatile Disks Graphical User Interface Information and Communication Technology Internet LAN MAN PA PAN URL VDU VVoIP WAN WIMP WLAN WWW International Network Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Public Address System Personal Area Network Uniform Resource Locator Visual Display Unit Video and Voice over Internet Protocol Wide Area Network Windows Icons Menus Pointer Wireless Local Area Network World Wide Web