Genocide Understand the meaning of Genocide. Explain why people commit Genocide. Investigate 3 Genocides that have taking place. This Photo by Unknown author is li What is Genocide? The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group. • https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=JsCmz0XxECQ • Can you think of an example? • What is Genocide? Groupwork https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ogn6v9p75-Q&t=242s Groupwork: What would be needed to resist an oppressive regime? Brainstorm most important needs. Groupwork • Factors that would deter active resistance: • https://youtu.be/uo7w3g24DWo The Holocaust • The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. • Many people are familiar with the story of Ann Frank, the little girl whose diary shed light on the horrors that jews endured during WW2. • Unfortunately, Ann died however her father published her diary on the 25th of June 1947 making Ann a household name. Cambodian Genocide Where:Democratic Kampuchea When: 1975-1979 Deaths: 1.5- 2million https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lqmd5tvnLMg Power Territory and Rice • In the 1970s, the Vietnam War spilled into Cambodia. Rebel Khmer Rouge forces, led by a man named Pol Pot, took power and set out to establish a classless, agrarian society. One out of every four Cambodians died under the terrifying rule of the Khmer Rouge. In reference to this genocide, Cambodian prime minister Hun Sen has said, "We should dig a hole and bury the past." Prach Ly, a young Cambodian American living in Los Angeles, disagrees, and he's using his rap music to tell the world what happened in Cambodia so that history won't repeat itself. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lqmd5tvnLMg Cambodian Genocide • Eight years before the genocide began, Cambodia was engaged in a bloody civil war. The war pitted the Cambodian monarchy, and later the Cambodian Republic, and its allies, including the United States, against the Cambodian communists. The communists received support from the neighboring Vietcong. • The Cambodian monarchy promoted a strong sense of nationalism and loyalty to the government, but was also seen as corrupt and ineffectual. This corruption would breed several underground groups with the shared goal of overthrowing the government. Early on, right-wing and leftist groups, including leaders of what would become the Khmer Rouge, were allies. • Income inequality was rampant. Cambodians living in the urban areas enjoyed relative wealth and comfort while the majority of Cambodians toiled on farms in the rural communities. This obvious division of class made Cambodia especially susceptible to revolution. Ultimately, the Khmer Rouge would take power in 1975, installing Pol Pot as the leader of the country. .. • Once the Khmer Rouge took power, they instituted a radical reorganization of Cambodian society. This meant they forced removal of city dwellers into the countryside, where they would be forced to work as farmers, digging canals and tending to crops. • Religious and ethnic minorities faced particular persecution. Christian and Buddhist groups were targeted for repression but it was the Cham Muslim group that was most affected by the genocide. As many as 500,000 people, or 70% of the total Cham population, were exterminated. Pol Pot • the Khmer Rouge placed a heavy emphasis on the rural peasant population, anyone considered an intellectual was targeted for special treatment. This meant teachers, lawyers, doctors, and clergy were the targets of the regime. Even people wearing glasses were the target of Pol Pot’s reign of terror. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_TYFfkc_1U Pol Pots Shadow • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1medq9lbMCA • Watch the video and take notes on the various ways the Cambodian people coped with the memory of the mass killings. Pol Pots Shadow • Write a journal entry about what you think should be done in order for Cambodians to feel justice and peace for the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. • Would it be best for Cambodians to simply "dig a hole and bury the past," as suggested by the Cambodian prime minister? Why or why not? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x25k_-Katf4 • https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/educators/history_cambodia.ht ml • Holocaust Memorial Day Trust | Resources (hmd.org.uk) Rwandan Genocide Groupwork The Rwanda Genocide began in 1994 and lasted 100 days. Also known as The 100 Days of Terror. RWANDA Members of the Hutu ethnic majority group murdered as many as 800,000 people. The majority of these people were of the Tutsi minority. 85% of Rwandans are Hutus. But the minority Tutsi group have dominated for a long time. In 1959 the Hutus overthrew the Tutsis. Many Tutsis fled to neighboring countries, such as Uganda. How did it start? A group of Tutsi exiles formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Group (RPF). The RPF invaded Rwanda in 1990 and the fighting went on until 1993. On the 6th of April 1994 a plane carrying then-President Juvenal Habyarimana, and his counterpart was shot down. Both were Hutus. There were no survivors. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h3vJJWRcFE Rwandan Genocide The Hutu extremists blamed the RPF and immediately began organising their campaign of slaughter. Genocide • Neighbours killed neighbours and some husbands even killed their Tutsi wives. • At the time I.D cards had people's ethnic group on them.so, Hutu militias set up roadblocks where Tutsis were slaughtered. • Thousands of Tutsi women were taken away and used as sex slaves. SKYNEWS • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8h_BAdRvU9g Why was it so vicious • Rwanda has always been a tightly controlled society, organised like a pyramid from each district up to the top of government. The thengoverning party, MRND, had a youth wing called the Interahamwe, which was turned into a militia to carry out the slaughter. • Weapons and hit-lists were handed out to local groups, who knew exactly where to find their targets. • The Hutu extremists set up a radio station, RTLM, and newspapers which circulated hate propaganda, urging people to "weed out the cockroaches" meaning kill the Tutsis. The names of prominent people to be killed were read out on radio. • Even priests and nuns have been convicted of killing people, including some who sought shelter in churches. Did anyone try to stop it? • The UN and Belgium had forces in Rwanda but the UN mission was not given a mandate to stop the killing. • A year after US troops were killed in Somalia, the US was determined not to get involved in another African conflict. The Belgians and most UN peacekeepers pulled out after 10 Belgian soldiers were killed. France • The French, who were allies of the Hutu government, sent a special force to evacuate their citizens and later set up a supposedly safe zone but were accused of not doing enough to stop the slaughter in that area. • Paul Kagame, Rwanda's current president, has accused France of backing those who carried out the massacres - a charge denied by Paris. How did it end? • The well-organised RPF, backed by Uganda's army, gradually seized more territory, until 4 July 1994, when its forces marched into the capital, Kigali. • About 2 million Hutus fled across the boarder. • Thousands of Hutu civilians were killed as the RPF took power.( The RPF denies this) • Has anyone faced justice? • The International Criminal court was set up in 2000- Years after the Genocide took place. • So They could not stand trial. • However, the UN Security Council established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in the Tanzanian town of Arusha to prosecute the ringleaders. • A total of 93 were indicted. Senior officials were convicted of genocide. All Hutus. • Up to 10,000 people died in prison waiting to be sentenced. Hotel Rwanda • Analyse the movie, can one person make a difference. • What is the point of the movie/ message. • What happened because of Paul's bravery? • Do we learn from the past? • The film Hotel Rwanda chronicles the story of Paul Rusesabagina who saved the lives of around 1,000 people during the Rwandan genocide in the mid-1990s. Answer the following Questions • What happened to Paul's Neighbour? • Why did he not help? • According to the journalist in the movie what was the difference between Hutu and Tutsi? • Explain a moment in the movie that had an impact on you? • Why would the UN Peacekeepers not help the Tutsi people? Paul Rusesabagina • During the Rwandan Genocide Paul saved many people's lives. • Paul is remembered as a rare hero during an extremely dark period in history. • He inspired books and movies. • But where is he now?....... • https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=4K3gSnQOJu8 Paul Rusesabagina • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ks_3Kry2DE Get into groups and examine the evidence: What happened next? Describe how the Rwandan government transported Paul to Rwanda Explain why was Paul arrested? Where is he now? What is your opinion on the treatment of Paul? Armenian Genocide Learning Outcomes: • Understand why the Armenian Genocide took place. • Explain how you could resist an oppressive regime. • Describe how Armenian Genocide Armenian Genocide • The Armenian Genocide took place during WW1 between 1915-1916. • It was a campaign of deportation and mass killing conducted against the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire by the Young Turk government. • What do you know about the Ottoman Empire? Watch the following link • https://youtu.be/Ogn6v9p75-Q Armenian Genocide • Took place between 1915-1916 • It was the first genocide of the 20th century. • One and a half million Armenians were killed out of two and a half million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. • Armenians all over the world remember this tragedy on the 24th of April each year, as it was on that day 1915 when 300 Armenian professionals and leaders were rounded up, deported and killed. Armenia • Also on that day in Constantinople 5,000 of the poorest Armenians were butchered in their homes and on the streets. • The genocide occurred in a systematic fashion, which people argue proves that it was directed by the Young Turk government. •
