5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond
- Vision and Key Enabling Technologies EUCNC 2014, Bologna
June 2014
Wonil Roh, Ph.D.
Vice President & Head of Advanced Communications Lab
DMC R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Corp.
Table of Contents
2
5G Vision & Key Requirements
3
5G Vision
Mobile Trend
2013
2018
1.5EB
2013
Year
[1] VNI Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast 2013-2018, Cisco, 2014
[2] The Mobile Economy, GSMA, 2014
[3] Internet of Things, Cisco, 2013
2018
Year
70%
35%
2013
2020
Year
Things
Connected[3]
Devices
7Bn
15.9EB
Mobile
Cloud Traffic[2]
Percent
10.2Bn
Mobile
Data Traffic[1]
Bytes /Month
Connections
Mobile
Connections[1]
50Bn
12.5Bn
2010
2020
Year
EB (Exa Bytes) = 1,000,000 TB (Tera Bytes)
4
5G Vision
5G Service Vision
Everything
on Cloud
Immersive
Experience
Ubiquitous
Connectivity
Intuitive
Remote Access
Desktop-like experience
on the go
Lifelike media
everywhere
An intelligent web of
connected things
Real-time remote control
of machines
5
5G Vision
Everything on Cloud
As-Is
To-Be
Lagging Cloud Service
Instantaneous Cloud Service
Latency : ~ 50 ms[1]
Latency : ~ 5 ms
Cloud
Service
Cloud
Service
~ 20 min (Worldwide Avg.)
~ 9.6 sec
to download HD movie (1.2GB)
Cloud Service
Initial Access Time*
Provider A
82 ms
Provider B
111 ms
Provider C
128 ms
LTE Downlink
Performance[2]
World
7.5 Mbps
Korea
18.6 Mbps
America
6.5 Mbps
* Top 3 Cloud Service Provider measured in Suwon Office (2013)
Including connect time and response time
to download HD movie (1.2GB)
Requirements for Mobile Cloud Service
• E2E NW Latency
< 5 ms
• Data Rate
> 1.0 Gbps
[1] Signals Ahead, AT&T Drive Test Results and Report Preview, 2011
[2] The State of LTE, OpenSignal, 2014
[3] Seagate ST2000DM001 (2TB, 7200rpm
Access Time
Transfer Rate
Desktop
HDD[3]
8.5 ms
1.2 Gbps
6
5G Vision
Immersive Experience
As-Is
To-Be
Limited High Quality Experience
Constant Ultra High Quality Experience
AR / VR
Hologram
8K UHD
> 100 users
720p HD
12 users
LTE Cell Capacity
User Experience
Loading Delay
1.6 sec*
Cell Throughput
64 Mbps[1]
Requirements for Immersive Service
• E2E NW Latency
< 5 ms
• Cell Throughput
> 10.0 Gbps
* Assuming 720p HD, 1 sec buffering, E2E latency 50ms and TCP connection
Required Bandwidth
720p HD[2] : 5 Mbps
8K UHD[3] : 85 Mbps
[1] 3GPP Submission Package for IMT-Advanced, 3GPP Contribution RP-090939
[2] https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171?hl=en
[3] http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/rd/rd140/PDF/P12-21.pdf
AR : Augmented Reality
VR : Virtual Reality
7
5G Vision
Ubiquitous Connectivity
As-Is
To-Be
Human Centric, Limited Connections
An intelligent web of connected things (IoT)
`
Home
Personal
~
Retail
City, Transportation
Manufacturing
8
5G Vision
Intuitive Remote Access
As-Is
To-Be
Short Range, Limited Control
Long Range, Real-time Full Control
Remote Surgery
Control Center
Hazardous Work
Remote Driving
9
Key Requirements
Overview
Comprehensive Requirements of “New IMT (5G)” in 7 Categories,
Dubbed as
Mobility
High
IMT-2000
Enhanced
IMT-Adv.
IMT-Adv.
Future
IMT
New radio local area
network (RLAN)
Low
1
ITU-R WP5D/TEMP/390-E
10
100
1000
10000
Peak Data Rate (Mbit/s)
50000
10
Key Requirements
Ultra Fast Data Transmission
Peak Data Rate
Order of Magnitude Improvement in Peak Data Rate
Peak Data Rate > 50 Gbps
Data Rate
50 Gbps
50 Gbps[1]
More than x50 over 4G
6
1
1 Gbps
384 k
bps[2]
‘00
[1] Theoretical Peak Data Rate
[2] Data Rate of First Commercial Products
14
Mbps[1]
‘07
75
Gbps[2]
Gbps[1]
Mbps[2]
‘10
‘20
Year
11
Key Requirements
Superior User Experience
Latency
Cell Edge
Data Rate
Uniform Experience of Gbps Speed and Instantaneous Response
1 Gbps Anywhere
QoE
E2E Latency < 5 msec
50 ms
BS Location
5 ms
A Tenth of E2E Latency
E2E Latency
Cell Edge
QoE
Air Latency < 1 msec
BS Location
Uniform Experience
Regardless of User-location
10 ms
1 ms
A Tenth of Air Latency
Air Latency
12
Key Requirements
Massive Connectivity
10 Times More Simultaneous IoT Connections than 4G
Simultaneous
Connection
Number of Devices
Smart Home
80 Billion
4 Billion
2010
`
Future
Current
Smart Retail
Smart Health
15 Billion
~
2012
2020
Smart
Manufacturing
Smart
Transportation
Year
Smart City
Source : Internet of Things by IDATE, 2013
13
Key Requirements
Cost Effectiveness
50 Times More Cost Effective than 4G
Cost
Efficiency
Traffic Volume
( ∝Operator Cost )
Etc.
Etc.
(24%)
Building,
Rigging
(41%)
Network
Testing
Backhaul
Lease(9%)
(12%)
Site
Maintenance
(36%)
Electricity
50 Times Higher
Bits/Cost
(15%)
(12%)
RAN
Equipment
Personnel
Expenses
(23%)
(28%)
Operator Revenue
Time
CAPEX[1]
OPEX[2]
[1] Radio Network Sharing – new paradigm for LTE, http://www.telecom-cloud.net/radio-network-sharing-the-new-paradigm
[2] Quest for margins: operational cost strategies for mobile operators in Europe, Capgemini Telecom & Media Insights, Issue 42
14
Enabling Technologies : RAN
15
Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity
System Capacity : Determined by Bandwidth, Spectral Efficiency and Areal Reuse
Link Capacity
System Capacity
Point-to-Point Link with Single Antenna
Spectral Efficiency
Areal
Reuse
𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
Bandwidth
16
Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Bandwidth
Most Straightforward Method for Capacity Increase
Bandwidth Increase
System Capacity
Carrier Aggregation, Higher Frequencies
Spectral Efficiency
Areal
Reuse
𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹
Bandwidth
17
Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Areal Reuse
Use of Various Small Cells for Increase of Areal Reuse
Areal Reuse Increase
System Capacity
Sectorization, HetNet, Small Cells
Spectral Efficiency
Areal
Reuse
𝑪=𝑾
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹
Bandwidth
18
Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (1/2)
Use of MIMO and Advanced Coding & Modulation for Higher Efficiency
Higher Spectral Efficiency
System Capacity
MIMO, Adv. Coding and Modulation
𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒌
𝑪=𝑾
𝒓
Spectral Efficiency
Areal
Reuse
𝑺𝑵𝑹𝒂𝒗𝒈
𝟏+
𝝀𝒓
𝑵𝑻𝑿
Bandwidth
19
Enabling Technologies : RAN
Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (2/2)
New Waveform Design for Exploiting Non-Gaussianity of Channel
Higher Spectral Efficiency
System Capacity
FQAM (Hybrid Modulation of FSK and QAM)
Spectral Efficiency
Non-Gaussian
Areal
Reuse
𝑪𝑵𝒐𝒏−𝑮𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒂𝒏 > 𝑪
[1]
𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝑪 = 𝑾𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
Bandwidth
[1] I. Shomorony, et al., “Worst-Case Additive Noise in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 6, June 2013.
20
Enabling Technologies - RAN (1/2)
Enabling Technologies : RAN
Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements
Peak Data Rate
Cell Edge
Data Rate
Cell Spectral
Efficiency
Technology for
Above 6 GHz
Peak Data Rate
Increase
Coding/Modulation
& Multiple Access
Advanced
MIMO & BF
Spectral Efficiency &
Cell Edge Enhancement
Cell Capacity
Enhancement
Mobility
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous
Connection
Latency
Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier
Peak Rate
1 Gbps
Peak Rate
50 Gbps
Half
-wavelength
FSK
QAM
Frequency band
4G
frequencies
New higher
frequencies
FQAM
BF : Beamforming
21
Enabling Technologies - RAN (2/2)
Enabling Technologies : RAN
Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements
Peak Data Rate
Cell Edge
Data Rate
Cell Spectral
Efficiency
Enhanced
D2D
Areal Spectral Efficiency
Increase
Advanced
Small Cell
Capacity & Cell Edge
Enhancement
Wireless backhaul
Mobility
Interference
Management
Cell Edge Data Rate
Enhancement
Increased
density
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous
Connection
Latency
Enhancing
areal spectral efficiency
Interference alignment
No cell boundary
D2D : Device-to-Device
22
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
23
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Wider Bandwidth for 5G
Availability of More than 500 MHz Contiguous Spectrum Above 6 GHz
Above 6 GHz (Regional Recommendations from ITU)
Below 6 GHz
300 MHz
6 GHz
MS,
FS, FSS
< 1 GHz
[MHz]
410-430, 470-694/698,
694/698-790[1]
1-2 GHz
[MHz]
1300-1400, 1427-1525/1527,
1695-1700/1710
2-3 GHz
[MHz]
2025-2100, 2200-2290,
2700-3100
3-5 GHz
[MHz]
3300-3400, 3400-4200,
4400-5000
5-6 GHz
[MHz]
5150-5925, 5850-6245
Region 2
[1] WRC-15 AI 1.2
18.1
No MOBILE
MS : Mobile Service
FS : Fixed Service
GHz
27.5
29.5 31.3
27
29.5
33.8 36
40
40.5
42.5
41
42.5
18.4
18.6
MOBILE Primary
Global Interest Bands for WRC-15
MS,
FS, FSS
25.25 27.5
Region 1
Region 3
MS,
FS, FSS
38
39.5
Current Usage
Current Usage
: LMDS, FSS
: Fixed P-P Link
FSS Earth Station
Korea : Maritime Use
US
: Fixed P-P System
EU
: Fixed P-P Link
Korea : Broadcasting Relay
US
EU
FSS : Fixed Satellite Service
P-P : Point to Point
LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution Service
24
Test Results - Prototype System Overview
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
World’s First 5G mmWave Mobile Technology (May, 2013)[1]
Adaptive array transceiver technology operating in mmWave frequency bands for outdoor cellular
25 mm
42 mm
45 mm
5 mm
25
Test Results - Outdoor Coverage
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Outdoor Non Line-of-Sight (NLoS) Coverage Tests
Block error rate less than 0.01% up to NLoS 200m distance
Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications:
Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.
BLER result
Below 0.01%
Below 0.1%
Below 1%
Below 10 %
Below 25%
Below 50%
Below 75%
Below 100%
LoS / NLoS
LoS
NLoS
26
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Test Results - Outdoor to Indoor Penetration
Outdoor-to-Indoor Penetration Tests
Most signals successfully received by indoor MS from outdoor BS
Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications:
Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.
27
Test Results - Multi-User Support
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Carrier Frequency
Bandwidth
Max. Tx Power
Beam-width (Half Power)
Channel Coding
MIMO Configuration
Multi-User MIMO Tests
2.48 Gbps aggregate throughput in MU-MIMO mode
27.925 GHz
800 MHz
37 dBm
10o
LDPC
2x2
BS RFU
MS RFU 1
MS RFU 2
BS Modem
1.24Gbps
MS Modem 1
1.24Gbps
MS Modem 2
28
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Mobility Device Feasibility - Simulation Analysis
Beamforming Array Compensate the Effects of Chassis/Hand/Head
Lower power penetration through skin at higher frequencies
Chassis / Hand-Held Effect
Head Effect
Power Absorption of 1.9 GHz Omni-Antenna
w/o head
w/ head
Bare PCB
Package
Penetration depth = 40~45 mm, Average = 0.29, MAX = 1 mW/g
Power Absorption of 28 GHz Beamforming Array
Broadside
Beamforming
Endfire
Beamforming
①
①
②
②
①
②
① Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.15, MAX = 90 mW/g
② Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.016, MAX = 2.11 mW/g
29
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Mobility Device Feasibility - Antenna Implementation
32 Elements Implemented on Mobile Device with “Zero Area” and 360o Coverage
“Zero Area” Design
0
Normalized Gain (dBi)
16 Element Array
< 0.2 mm
Measurement Results
-5
0°
10°
20°
30°
45°
60°
75°
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-90
-60
-30
0
30
Angle (deg)
60
90
Negligible Area
for Antennas
In Edges
16 Element Array
30
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Multi-Cell Analysis
Ray-Tracing Simulation in Real City Modeling with Different BS Antenna Heights
Real City (Ottawa)
BS Antenna Heights
Ray-Tracing
Scenario 1
30 m above Rooftop
Scenario 2
5 m above Rooftop
Scenario 3
10 m above Ground
TX
RX
31
Simulated User Experience
Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Simulations are Based on Ray-Tracing in 28 GHz for Multi-Cell Deployment Scenario
Total of 10 Small Cell BSs to Provide Coverage of 928 m x 586 m within a Dense Urban City
At least 4 Gbps User Throughput Expected Using 1 GHz Bandwidth
Samsung DMC R&D Center, “5G mmWave communications,” YouTube, 21 April 2014.
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6dABJBJ4XQ)
32
Enabling Technologies : Network
33
Enabling Technologies : Network
Network Evolution
Network Evolution for Innovative Services, Lower Cost and Better User Experience
High Capacity
Intelligence
Low Latency
34
Enabling Technologies - Network
Enabling Technologies : Network
Innovative Network Technologies for Enhanced User Experience and Cost Reduction
Flat Network
Peak Data Rate
Cell Edge
Data Rate
Cell Spectral
Efficiency
E2E Latency
Reduction
Multi-RAT
Interworking
Radio Capacity
Enhancement
Mobile SDN
Energy & Cost Efficiency
Increase
Mobility
Cost Efficiency
Simultaneous
Connection
Central
Controller
Core Network
UE
Internet
Latency
BS
Server
Server
4G
eNB
Wi-Fi
5G
BS
UE
BS
Switch
SDN : Software Defined Network
35
Enabling Technologies : Network
Flat Network
Direct Access to Internet and Edge Server at BS
Core Network
Core Network
Minimize E2E Latency
BS
BS
Reduce OPEX
UE
Internet
BS
Server
UE
Internet
Reduce Backhaul Bottleneck
UE
BS
Server
Server
36
Multi-RAT Interworking
Enabling Technologies : Network
Unified Utilization of Heterogeneous Radios in Licensed and Unlicensed Bands
Multi-RAT
Controller
Server
Server
Increase Radio Resource
Utilization
3G NB
2G BTS
Femto
Wi-Fi
4G
eNB
Provide Consistent Service
Experience
3G NB
2G TS
Femto
4G eNB
Wi-Fi
5G BS
Minimize Power Consumption
37
Enabling Technologies : Network
Mobile SDN
Centralized Control of Radio and Network Resource for Flexibility and Scalability
Radio
Controller
SDN
Controller
Maximize Resource Utilization
Expand Network Services
GW
UE
GW
UE
Reduce CAPEX/OPEX
BS
Radio
Control
Function
SDN: Software Defined Network
Network
Control
Function
Packet
Processor
GW: Gateway
BS
Radio
Control
Function
Network
Control
Function
Packet
Processor
38
Deployment Scenarios
39
5G Deployment Scenarios
Deployment Scenarios
Bird’s Eye View of Chicago
40
5G Deployment Scenarios
Deployment Scenarios
Existing 4G Deployments
4G base stations
41
Deployment Scenarios
5G Deployment Scenarios
5G Small Cells Overlayed in 4G Networks
Reduced CAPEX/OPEX for initial deployment
5G small cells
42
5G Deployment Scenarios
Deployment Scenarios
5G Standalone System
Full capability standalone 5G systems will cover the area of a city
5G macro/pico cells
5G macro/pico cells
43
Global R&D Activities & Timelines
44
Global R&D Activities
Global R&D Activities & Timelines
Current Global 5G Research Initiatives and Samsung’s Active Engagements
EC–Korea Cooperation Agreement on ICT & 5G (6/16), 5G PPP–5G Forum MoU (6/17)
5G IC
ARIB 2020 and Beyond AH
45
Global R&D Activities & Timelines
Expected 5G Timelines
Standards in 3GPP Rel-14/15, Spectrum Allocation in WRC-19, ITU Approval in 2020
2014
WRC
ITU-R
2015
2016
2017
2018
WRC-15
Vision
2019
2020
2021
2022
WRC-19
EVAL. Meth., Req.
Proposal
EVAL.
Dvlp. of
Rec.
“IMT for 2020 and beyond”
3GPP
Rel-13
Rel-14
5G Standards
WRC : World Radiocommunications Conferences
ITU-R : International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector
Rel-15
Rel-16
Rel-17
Initial 5G Commercialization
EVAL. Meth. : Evaluation Methodology
EVAL.
: Evaluation
Req.
Dvlp. of Rec.
: Requirement
: Development of Recommendation
46
Summary
5G for 2020 and Beyond
Key Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tech. for Above 6 GHz
Adv. Coding & Modulation
Adv. MIMO & Beamforming
Enhanced D2D
Adv. Small Cell
Interference Management
Flat Network
Multi-RAT Interworking
Mobile SDN
47
Thank You
Copyright © 2014 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. Non-metric weights and measurements are
approximate. All data were deemed correct at time of creation. Samsung is not liable for errors or omissions. All brand, product, service names and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners and are hereby
recognized and acknowledged.
References
[1] “Samsung Announces World’s First 5G mm- Wave Mobile Technology”, Samsung Tomorrow, 13 May 2013. (http://global.samsungtomorrow.com/?p=24093)
[2] Wonil Roh, “Performances and Feasibility of mmWave Beamforming Prototype for 5G Cellular Communications,” ICC 2013 Invited Talk, Jun. 2013.
(http://www.ieee-icc.org/2013/ICC%202013_ mmWave%20Invited%20Talk_Roh.pdf)
[3] “Samsung’s Vision of 5G Wireless,” IEEE Spectrum for the Technology Insider, Jul. 2013. (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp. jsp?arnumber=06545095)
[4] Z. Pi and F. Khan, “An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101–107, Jun. 2011.
[5] T. Kim, J. Park, J. Seol, S. Jeong, J. Cho, and W. Roh, “Tens of Gbps support with mmWave beamforming systems for next generation communications,” IEEE Global Telecomm. Conf.
(GLOBECOM’13), Dec. 2013.
[6] “The 5G phone future: Samsung’s millimeter-wave transceiver technology could enable ultrafast mobile broadband by 2020,” IEEE Spectrum, vol. 50, pp. 11–12, Jul. 2013.
[7] T. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, H. Zhao, Y. Azar, K. Wang,G. Wong, J. Schulz, M. Samimi, and F. Gutierrez, “Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!”
IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335–349, May 2013.
[8] Azar, Y., Wong, G. N., Wang, K., Mayzus, R., Schulz, J. K., Zhao, H., Gutierrez, F., Hwang, D., Rappaport, T. S., ”28 GHz Propagation Measurements for Outdoor Cellular
Communications Using Steerable Beam Antennas in New York City,” Published in the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 9 ~13, 2013.
[9] S. Hong, M. Sagong, and C. Lim, “FQAM : A Modulation Scheme for Beyond 4G Cellular Wireless Communication Systems,” IEEE Global Telecomm.Conf. (GLOBECOM’13) Workshop,
Dec. 2013.
[10] Wonil Roh, et al., "Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications
Magazine, Feb. 2014.
[11] Wonil Roh, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE WCNC 2014 Keynote, Apr. 2014.
[12] Kyungwhoon Cheun, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE VTC 2014 Spring Keynote, May. 2014.
[13] Ji-Yun Seol, “5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies,” IEEE ICC 2014 5G Workshop Panel Talk, Jun. 2014.