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Centre Number
Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Science (Double Award) 4SC0
Paper: 1P
Thursday 12 January 2012 – Morning
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
4PH0/1P
4SC0/1P
Materials required for examination.
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
Answer
the
in the spaces provided
t – there may bequestions
more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t Show
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
t your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
t The
The
marks
each question are shown in brackets
t – use this asfora guide
as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Read
an eye on the time.
t Keep
Write
answers neatly and in good English.
t Try toyour
every question.
t Checkanswer
t your answers if you have time at the end.
P40138A
©2012 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/
*P40138A0132*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
<RXPD\ILQGWKHIROORZLQJequationsXVHIXO
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SUHVVXUH uYROXPH FRQVWDQW
S u 9
IUHTXHQF\ WLPHSHULRG
, u9 u W
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7
S u 9
SRZHU ZRUNGRQH
WLPHWDNHQ
3
:
W
SRZHU HQHUJ\WUDQVIHUUHG
WLPHWDNHQ
3
:
W
v
2uS ur
T
orbital speed 2S uorbital radius
WLPHperiod
:KHUHQHFHVVDU\DVVXPHWKHDFFHOHUDWLRQRIIUHHIDOOJ PV
2
*P40138A0232*
BLANK PAGE
*P40138A0332*
3
Turn over
Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The diagram shows some electrical circuit symbols.
A
B
C
D
(i) Which symbol represents a switch?
(1)
A
B
C
D
(ii) Which symbol represents a diode?
(1)
A
B
C
D
4
*P40138A0432*
(b) A hairdryer connected to the mains supply takes a current of 5.5 A.
(i) Which of these fuses should be used with the hairdryer?
(1)
A
3A
B
5A
C
7A
D 13 A
(ii) Explain your answer.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iii) The hairdryer has a plastic case so there is no need for an earth wire connection
in the plug.
Explain why the hairdryer is still safe to use.
(2)
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(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
*P40138A0532*
5
Turn over
2 A student measures the density of water.
She uses a measuring cylinder and an electronic balance.
(a) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
(b) A correct unit for density is
(1)
A g/cm
B kg/cm
C g/cm2
D g/cm3
(c) Complete the table to show what is measured by an electronic balance.
(1)
Measuring instrument
measuring cylinder
What it measures
volume
electronic balance
6
*P40138A0632*
(d) Describe how the student should use each instrument to make her measurements
as accurate as possible.
(4)
Measuring cylinder
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Electronic balance
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(e) The student wants to make sure her experiment is a fair test.
(i) State one factor that she should keep the same throughout her experiment.
(1)
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(ii) Why is it important that she keeps this factor constant?
(1)
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(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)
*P40138A0732*
7
Turn over
3 The graph shows the minimum stopping distances, in metres, for a car travelling at
different speeds on a dry road.
100
80
stopping
distance
in m
60
Braking distance
40
Thinking distance
20
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
speed of car in miles per hour
(a) Complete the equation to show the link between stopping distance, thinking
distance and braking distance.
(1)
Stopping distance =
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(b) Describe the patterns shown in the graph.
(2)
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(c) Use the graph to estimate the stopping distance for a car travelling at
35 miles per hour.
(1)
Stopping distance = .............................................................. m
8
*P40138A0832*
(d) To find the minimum stopping distance, several different cars were tested.
Suggest how the data from the different cars should be used to give the values in
the graph.
(1)
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(e) The tests were carried out on a dry road.
If the road is icy, describe and explain what change there would be, if any, to
(i) the thinking distance
(2)
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(ii) the braking distance
(2)
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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)
*P40138A0932*
9
Turn over
4 A student is investigating refraction of light.
(a) What is refraction?
(1)
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(b) The diagram shows a ray of light travelling from air to glass.
Add labels to show the angle of incidence, i, and the angle of refraction, r.
(2)
normal
air
glass
(c) The student wants to find the refractive index of the glass.
(i) State the equation linking refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of
refraction.
(1)
10
*P40138A01032*
(ii) The photograph shows the apparatus the student has available.
ray box
glass block
protractor
Describe how the student should carry out the experiment.
You should include:
t
t
t
what the student should measure
how the measurements should be made
how the student should use a graph to find the refractive index.
(6)
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(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)
*P40138A01132*
11
Turn over
5 A magnetic field pattern can be shown using lines.
(a) The diagram shows some magnetic field patterns.
A
B
C
D
Which pattern shows a uniform magnetic field? Explain your answer.
(2)
Pattern
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Explanation ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................. ............................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) Explain how to produce a uniform magnetic field.
(3)
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(Total for Question 5 = 5 marks)
12
*P40138A01232*
6 A teacher shows his class how to investigate the half-life of a radioactive source.
radioactive
source
GM detector
(a) The readings from the counter need to be corrected for background radiation.
(i) State one source of background radiation.
(1)
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(ii) Describe the method the teacher should use to correct for background radiation.
(3)
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*P40138A01332*
13
Turn over
(b) Every half a minute, the teacher records the count rate.
He corrects for background radiation and produces this results table.
Time
in minutes
Corrected count rate
in Bq
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
49
30
24
18
15
11
10
9
5
6
(i) Draw a graph of corrected count rate against time for these results.
(5)
14
*P40138A01432*
(ii) Use your graph to estimate the half-life for this material.
(1)
Half-life = .............................................................. minutes
(c) The isotope technetium-99 is a gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours. It is
used as a radioactive tracer in medicine.
The technetium-99 is injected into a patient’s bloodstream and carried around the
body by the blood. The radiation it emits is detected outside the body.
Explain why technetium-99 is suitable for use as a tracer in this way.
(3)
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(Total for Question 6 = 13 marks)
*P40138A01532*
15
Turn over
7 A teacher and two students are measuring the speed of sound.
150 m
The teacher makes a loud sound by hitting two cymbals together.
Each student starts a stopwatch when they see the teacher hit the cymbals. They
each stop their stopwatch when they hear the sound.
(a) Describe how a sound wave moves through the air.
(3)
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16
*P40138A01632*
(b) The students repeat the experiment and record their readings in a table.
Student
Time in s
Andrew
0.44, 0.46, 0.44, 0.48, 0.43
Kefe
0.5, 0.6, 0.4, 0.4, 0.6
(i) State the precision of Andrew’s readings.
(1)
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(ii) State the equation linking speed, distance travelled and time taken.
(1)
(iii) The teacher was standing 150 m from the students.
Use the experimental data recorded by each student to complete the table below.
Give your answers to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(3)
Student
Mean (average) time in s
Speed of sound in m/s
Andrew
Kefe
*P40138A01732*
17
Turn over
(c) The students look in a data book and find that the speed of sound in air is given
as 341 m/s.
The students discuss their results.
My experiment was more accurate
because my answer was closest to
341 m/s.
No, you didn’t allow for reaction time.
My result is the best that you can get
with this method.
Andrew
No, reaction time didn’t matter
because I had to react twice and it
cancelled out.
Kefe
Evaluate these conclusions.
(5)
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(Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)
18
*P40138A01832*
BLANK PAGE
*P40138A01932*
19
Turn over
8 The diagram shows a heater coil and a resistor connected to a 12 V battery and an ammeter.
The ammeter reading is 1.2 A.
12 V
1.2 A
A
4.0 ȍ
heater coil
water
(a) (i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the voltage across the 4.0 ȍ resistor.
(2)
Voltage = ............................... V
(iii) Show that the voltage across the heater coil is about 7 V.
(2)
(iv) Calculate the energy transferred to the heater coil in 5.0 minutes.
(3)
Energy transferred = ............................... J
20
*P40138A02032*
(v) At first, the temperature of the water increases.
After a while, the temperature reaches a steady value below the boiling point of water.
Explain why the temperature reaches a steady value.
(2)
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(b) Resistors can be used as heating elements in the rear windows of cars.
The diagram shows two possible designs.
X
Y
(i) Complete the table by placing a tick (9) in the correct boxes.
(1)
Design
Series
Parallel
X
Y
(ii) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of design X when used as a
heater in a car window.
(3)
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(Total for Question 8 = 14 marks)
*P40138A02132*
21
Turn over
9 The Hubble Space Telescope is in orbit around the Earth.
It detects visible light from distant objects.
(a) Name the force that keeps the telescope in orbit around the Earth.
(1)
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(b) The Hubble Space Telescope moves in a circular orbit.
Its distance above the Earth’s surface is 560 km.
(i) The radius of the Earth is 6400 km.
Calculate the radius of the orbit of the Hubble Space Telescope.
(1)
Radius = .............................................................. km
(ii) The Hubble Space Telescope completes one orbit in 96 minutes.
Calculate its orbital speed in m/s.
(3)
Orbital speed = .............................................................. m/s
22
*P40138A02232*
(c) The Chandra Telescope also orbits the Earth, but does not move in a circular orbit.
Its distance from the Earth and its speed change as it orbits the Earth.
It travels fastest when it is closest to the Earth.
Use ideas about energy to explain why.
(3)
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(d) The Chandra Telescope detects X-rays from distant objects.
(i) State the name of the type of wave that includes X-rays and visible light.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe two differences between X-rays and visible light.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 9 = 11 marks)
*P40138A02332*
23
Turn over
10 A shopping centre has escalators to move people between floors.
(a) A man of mass 78 kg steps on to an escalator.
The escalator lifts him a height of 5.0 m.
(i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.
(1)
(ii) Show that the gravitational potential energy gained by the man is about 4000 J.
(2)
(iii) State the work done on the man and give the unit.
(2)
Work done = .............................................................. Unit .......................................
24
*P40138A02432*
(b) The escalator is powered by a 7.5 kW electric motor.
(i) State the equation linking efficiency, useful energy output and total energy input.
(1)
(ii) The escalator lifts 30 people each minute.
Each person has a mass of 78 kg.
Calculate the efficiency of the escalator.
(3)
Efficiency = ..............................................................
(c) Another escalator has an efficiency of 20%.
Its input power is 15 kW.
Draw a Sankey diagram for this escalator.
(3)
(Total for Question 10 = 12 marks)
*P40138A02532*
25
Turn over
11 The graph shows how the velocity of an aircraft changes as it accelerates along a runway.
80 –
70 –
60 –
velocity
in m/s
50 –
40 –
30 –
20 –
10 –
0–
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time in s
(a) Use the graph to find the average acceleration of the aircraft.
(3)
Acceleration = ............................................................. m/s2
(b) Explain why the acceleration is not constant, even though the engines produce a
constant force.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 11 = 6 marks)
26
*P40138A02632*
BLANK PAGE
*P40138A02732*
27
Turn over
12 This question is about three different methods used to cook potatoes.
(a) On a traditional cooker, a potato is placed in water in a pan on top of a hot plate.
pan
potato
hot plate
Describe how energy is transferred from the hot plate to heat up all of the potato.
(4)
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(b) A microwave cooker is often said to ‘cook the food from the inside’.
Explain whether this statement is true by describing how energy is transferred to
heat up all of the potato.
(3)
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28
*P40138A02832*
(c) In an induction cooker, there is a coil under the surface of the cooker.
cooker surface
coil
A potato is placed in water in a metal pan.
An alternating current is switched on in the coil under the pan.
The coil does not heat the surface of the cooker.
Describe how energy is transferred to heat up all of the potato.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 12 = 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P40138A02932*
29
BLANK PAGE
30
*P40138A03032*
BLANK PAGE
*P40138A03132*
31
BLANK PAGE
32
*P40138A03232*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2P
Wednesday 18 January 2012 – Morning
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
4PH0/2P
Materials required for examination.
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
Answer
the
in the spaces provided
t – there may bequestions
more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t Show
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
t your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 60.
t The
The
marks
each question are shown in brackets
t – use this asfora guide
as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Read
an eye on the time.
t Keep
Write
answers neatly and in good English.
t Try toyour
every question.
t Checkanswer
t your answers if you have time at the end.
P40139A
©2012 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/
*P40139A0116*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v =
2× × r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P40139A0216*
Answer ALL questions.
1 The diagram shows a wave on the sea.
A
C
B
D
(a) (i) Which letter shows the wavelength of the wave?
(1)
A
B
C
D
(ii) Which letter shows the amplitude of the wave?
(1)
A
B
C
D
(b) A man watches some waves pass his boat.
He sees the crest of the waves pass him every 5 s.
Calculate the frequency of these waves.
(2)
Frequency = .............................................................. Hz
(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)
*P40139A0316*
3
Turn over
2 Two students, Jenny and Cho, are investigating motion.
Jenny walks in a straight line.
Cho measures the distance Jenny has walked at 10 s intervals.
(a) State two measuring instruments the students should use.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The table shows their measurements.
Time in s
4
Distance walked in m
0
0
10
14
20
19
30
24
40
28
50
30
60
31
*P40139A0416*
Draw a graph of distance against time for this data.
(3)
–
35 –
30 –
25 –
distance
walked 20 –
in m
15 –
10 –
5–
–
–
30
–
–
20
–
–
10
–
–
–
0–
0
40 50
time in s
60
70
80
(c) How far had Jenny walked after 35 s?
(1)
Distance walked = .............................................................. m
(d) (i) Describe how Jenny’s speed changed during the investigation.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) What feature of the graph shows this change?
(1)
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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)
*P40139A0516*
5
Turn over
3 This question is about electrostatic charges.
(a) Complete the sentences using words from the box.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(2)
electrons
negative
neutral
neutrons
positive
protons
When a plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth, the plastic rod gains ..............................................................
After the plastic rod has been rubbed with the cloth, the plastic rod has a
........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
charge.
(b) Electrostatic charges can be useful during paint spraying.
(i) The droplets of paint are given the same charge as they leave the sprayer.
Explain why this is an advantage.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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6
*P40139A0616*
(ii) The droplets of paint are positively charged.
The object being painted is given a negative charge.
Explain why this is an advantage.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(c) Give one hazard caused by electrostatic charges and state how the risk from this
hazard can be reduced.
(2)
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(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)
*P40139A0716*
7
Turn over
4 The picture shows a runner.
(a) As he runs, the runner gets hot.
To avoid overheating, his body sweats.
As the sweat evaporates, it cools his body.
Use ideas about particles to explain why evaporation leads to cooling.
(3)
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8
*P40139A0816*
(b) At the end of a long race, runners are given a shiny foil sheet to wear.
This stops them cooling down too quickly.
(i) Suggest why a runner might cool down too quickly if he does not wear a foil sheet.
(2)
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(ii) Explain how the foil sheet reduces heat loss.
(2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)
*P40139A0916*
9
Turn over
5 A student investigates the principle of moments.
He connects a ruler to a stand with a pivot.
He hangs a 2 N weight from the 60 cm mark on the ruler.
He uses a forcemeter to hold the ruler horizontal.
The scale on the forcemeter reads from 0 N to 10 N.
ruler
pivot
2 N weight
stand
(a) How could the student check that the ruler is horizontal?
(2)
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(b) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and distance from the pivot.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the moment of the 2 N weight.
State the unit.
(3)
Moment =
10
...........................................
Unit
*P40139A01016*
...............................
(c) The student holds the ruler horizontal with the forcemeter at the 10 cm mark.
He expects the reading on the forcemeter to be 12 N.
The actual reading is 10 N.
(i) Explain why the correct reading should be larger than 12 N.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why the actual reading is only 10 N.
(1)
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(d) A picture in the student’s textbook shows two fishermen using a pole to carry some fish.
A
B
pole
fish
Fisherman A and fisherman B feel different forces on their shoulders.
Use ideas about moments to explain why fisherman A feels the larger force.
(3)
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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)
*P40139A01116*
11
Turn over
6 The diagram shows a coal-fired power station.
steam
water
furnace
and boiler
condenser
turbines
generator
transformer
(a) (i) In which part of the power station is heat energy usefully converted to kinetic
energy?
(1)
A boiler
B turbine
C generator
D wires
(ii) In which part of the power station is kinetic energy usefully converted to
electrical energy?
(1)
A boiler
B turbine
C generator
D wires
12
*P40139A01216*
(b) A transformer is used to convert the 25 kV output from the power station to 115 kV.
(i) State the equation linking power, voltage and current.
(1)
(ii) Compare the input current and the output current of the transformer.
Assume there are no energy losses in the transformer.
(3)
(iii) State one advantage of transmitting electricity at high voltages.
(1)
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(c) Some power stations use uranium as a fuel.
Describe the problems that arise from the disposal of waste from this type of power
station.
(4)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)
*P40139A01316*
13
Turn over
7 A student blows up two balloons to the same size.
She puts one balloon into a freezer.
After a while, the student compares the two balloons.
The balloon that has been cooled is smaller.
(a) Use ideas about particles to explain why the cooled balloon is smaller.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P40139A01416*
(b) The student decides to investigate the link between temperature and the size of
the balloon.
She writes a plan.
I will change the temperature of the balloon by putting
it into a freezer.
To get a range of different temperatures I will put the
balloon into the freezer for different times.
I will measure the temperature of the balloon using a
thermometer.
To measure the size of the balloon I will take it out of
the freezer and line it up next to a ruler.
To make sure it is a fair test I will repeat the
experiment three times.
I will plot a graph of size against temperature.
There are several faults in the student’s plan.
Identify three of these faults and suggest an improvement to correct each one.
(6)
1 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 10 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
*P40139A01516*
15
BLANK PAGE
16
*P40139A01616*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Edexcel Certificate
Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0
Paper: 1P
Thursday 10 January 2013 – Afternoon
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
KPH0/1P 4PH0/1P
KSC0/1P 4SC0/1P
Materials required for examination.
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
t Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t Show
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
t your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
t The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
t The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Keep
on the time.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
and in good English.
t Try to answer everyneatly
t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
P43329A
©2013 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/
*P43329A0132*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
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SUHVVXUH uYROXPH FRQVWDQW
S u 9
IUHTXHQF\ WLPHSHULRG
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7
S u 9
SRZHU ZRUNGRQH
WLPHWDNHQ
3
:
W
SRZHU HQHUJ\WUDQVIHUUHG
WLPHWDNHQ
3
:
W
v
2uS ur
T
orbital speed 2S uorbital radius
WLPHperiod
:KHUHQHFHVVDU\DVVXPHWKHDFFHOHUDWLRQRIIUHHIDOOJ PV
2
*P43329A0232*
BLANK PAGE
*P43329A0332*
3
Turn over
Answer ALL questions.
1 Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon.
It has the symbol
14
6
C
(a) (i) The number of nucleons in a carbon-14 nucleus is
(1)
A 6
B 8
C 14
D 20
(ii) The number of neutrons in a carbon-14 nucleus is
(1)
A 6
B 8
C 14
D 20
(iii) The number of electrons in a neutral carbon-14 atom is
(1)
A 6
B 8
C 14
D 20
4
*P43329A0432*
(b) When carbon-14 decays it emits a beta particle.
What is a beta particle?
(1)
A an electron
B a neutron
C a nucleus
D a proton
(c) Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700 years.
A sample of cloth contains 6.0 g of carbon-14.
What mass of carbon-14 will remain in the cloth after 11 400 years?
(1)
A 1.5 g
B 2.0 g
C 2.5 g
D 3.0 g
(d) The carbon atoms in the cloth are mainly atoms of carbon-12, a different isotope of carbon.
What are isotopes?
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)
*P43329A0532*
5
Turn over
2 This question is about the reflection of light.
(a) Light reflects from a plane mirror.
(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentence below.
(1)
less than
equal to
greater than
When light reflects from the surface of a plane mirror, the angle
of incidence is ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the angle of reflection.
(ii) The diagram shows two rays of light coming from an object.
Continue the two rays and add further lines to the diagram to show how an
image is formed by a plane mirror.
(2)
plane mirror
object
(iii) The image in a plane mirror is a virtual image.
How can you tell this from your diagram?
(1)
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6
*P43329A0632*
(b) Light can also reflect along optical fibres by total internal reflection.
(i) Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray of light as it enters and passes
through the optical fibre.
(2)
(ii) State two conditions required for total internal reflection to happen.
(2)
1
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. . . . . . . . . . ............................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
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. . . . . . . . . . ............................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Telephone signals can be sent along optical fibres using light. In earlier systems
the signals were sent using electric currents in copper wires.
Suggest one advantage of sending signals using optical fibres.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)
*P43329A0732*
7
Turn over
3 A student investigates how the resistance of a wire depends on its length.
The photograph shows the circuit that the student uses.
cells
ammeter
voltmeter
wire
(a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how the components in the photograph are connected.
(3)
8
*P43329A0832*
(b) (i) Complete the table by naming the key variables in this investigation.
(1)
independent
variable
dependent
variable
(ii) Describe the method the student should use for this investigation.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P43329A0932*
9
Turn over
(c) The table shows the student’s measurements.
Length of wire
in cm
Voltage
in V
Current
in A
Resistance of wire
in Ω
20
4.5
3.6
1.3
40
4.5
1.8
2.5
60
4.5
1.2
3.8
80
4.5
0.9
5.0
100
4.5
0.7
(i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
(ii) Complete the table by calculating the missing value of resistance.
(1)
10
*P43329A01032*
(d) (i) Use the results from the table opposite to plot a graph of resistance (y-axis)
against length of wire (x-axis) and draw the line of best fit.
(5)
(ii) Write a conclusion for the investigation.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Explain how the graph supports this conclusion.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 3 = 19 marks)
*P43329A01132*
11
Turn over
4 The planet Mercury orbits the Sun.
Mercury
Sun
(a) Mercury takes 88 days to orbit the Sun.
The average radius of the orbit is 58 million km.
Calculate the average orbital speed of Mercury.
Give the unit.
(3)
Average orbital speed = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P43329A01232*
(b) Comets also orbit the Sun.
(i) Name the force that causes comets and planets to orbit the Sun.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Add to the diagram opposite to show the orbit of a typical comet.
(1)
(iii) The speed of a comet changes during its orbit.
On the orbit you have drawn, label with the letter X the position where the
comet travels at its fastest speed.
(1)
(iv) Explain why the comet travels fastest at point X.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)
*P43329A01332*
13
Turn over
5 Kalpana finds a small stone.
To help her identify the type of stone, Kalpana decides to find its density.
Kalpana explains why she thinks this will help.
The density will be the same,
whatever the size of the
stone, as long as the type of
rock is the same.
Her friend, Christine, disagrees.
Bigger stones will have a higher
density because they are heavier.
(a) Who is correct – Kalpana or Christine?
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Explain your answer.
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P43329A01432*
(b) Kalpana uses a measuring cylinder to find the volume of water displaced by the stone.
She has three measuring cylinders to choose from.
cm3
cm3
A
B
C
(i) Which measuring cylinder would give the most precise measurement? Explain
your answer.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The most precise measuring cylinder may not give an accurate reading.
Suggest why.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P43329A01532*
15
Turn over
(c) The table shows the measurements that Kalpana makes.
Mass of stone
in g
Volume of stone
in cm3
54
23
(i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the density of the stone.
State your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
Give the unit.
(3)
Density = .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) (i) How can Kalpana use her value of density to identify the type of stone?
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Kalpana may still be unsure about the type of stone.
Suggest why.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)
16
*P43329A01632*
BLANK PAGE
*P43329A01732*
17
Turn over
6 The diagram shows a neutron colliding with a nucleus of uranium-235, producing a
number of products.
+
+
+
+
+
+
neutron
+
+
+
+
+
+
uranium-235
+
+
+
+
+
(a) Name the process shown in the diagram.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Explain how the process shown in the diagram can lead to a chain reaction.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) This process releases energy.
Explain the form that this energy takes.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
*P43329A01832*
(d) The energy released in this process can be used in a nuclear power station.
wires
steam
turbine
reactor
water
generator
pressurised water
(i) The pressurised water acts as a coolant. It also acts as a moderator.
What is the purpose of a moderator?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Complete the chart below to show the main useful energy transfers in a nuclear
power station.
(4)
Heat energy
released by
reactor
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
energy in
water/steam
energy in
turbine
energy in
generator
energy in
wires
(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)
*P43329A01932*
19
Turn over
7 A student is listening to a radio.
(a) The radio is powered by batteries that provide a direct current (d.c.).
What is direct current?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Suggest a property of radio waves that makes them suitable for use in communication.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Complete the table to show uses and possible harmful effects of some other
parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(4)
Part of
electromagnetic spectrum
Use
Possible harmful effect
on people
microwaves
ultraviolet
20
*P43329A02032*
(c) In the radio, sound is produced by a loudspeaker.
The diagram shows the construction of a loudspeaker.
casing
magnetic poles
N
N
S
N
N
S
N
N
coil
on
tube
paper
cone
electrical supply
Describe how a loudspeaker uses an electrical supply to produce sound waves.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)
*P43329A02132*
21
Turn over
8 The Apollo 15 mission landed on the Moon in 1971.
The astronaut David Scott dropped a hammer and a feather.
They were released from rest at the same time and from the same height.
The hammer and the feather landed at the same time.
hammer
feather
(a) The graph shows how the velocity of the hammer changed with time.
2.5 –
2.0 –
velocity
in m/s
1.5 –
1.0 –
0.5 –
–
–
–
0.4
–
0.2
–
–
22
–
–
0–
0
0.6
0.8
time in seconds
1.0
1.2
1.4
*P43329A02232*
(i) Use the graph to calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon.
Give the unit.
(3)
Acceleration = .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Use the graph to calculate the height the hammer was dropped from.
(2)
Height =
.................................................................
m
(b) The gravitational field strength is smaller on the Moon than on the Earth.
Suggest why.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P43329A02332*
23
Turn over
(c) If the same experiment is carried out on Earth, air resistance affects both objects.
The feather reaches the ground after the hammer, even though the force of air resistance
is smaller on the feather than on the hammer.
Explain why the feather reaches the ground after the hammer.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 8 = 10 marks)
24
*P43329A02432*
9 A student uses an electric heater to investigate efficiency.
He places the heater in an aluminium block, switches the heater on and measures the
temperature of the block each minute for 20 minutes.
thermometer
ammeter
voltmeter
heater
aluminium
block
(a) The student wants to calculate the electrical energy supplied to the heater.
(i) Complete the table by recording the readings shown on the meters below.
(2)
Current in amps, A
Voltage in volts, V
(ii) Show that the energy supplied to the heater in 20 minutes is about 30 000 J.
(3)
*P43329A02532*
25
Turn over
(b) The student is told that only 22 000 J are used to raise the temperature of the
aluminium block by 25 °C.
(i) State the equation linking efficiency, useful energy output and total energy input.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of heating the aluminium block.
(2)
Efficiency =
.......................................
(iii) The efficiency of the heater will be higher than this value.
Suggest why.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) State one way in which the student could increase the efficiency of heating the
aluminium block.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
*P43329A02632*
(c) The graph shows how the temperature of the block increases from 20 °C to 45 °C
during the investigation.
50
C
40
30
temperature in °C
B
A
20
10
0
0
5
10
15
time in minutes
20
Use ideas about heat transfer to help you explain the shape of the graph in
(i) section A,
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) section B,
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) section C.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 9 = 15 marks)
*P43329A02732*
27
Turn over
10 Compressed air from a can is used to clean computer keyboards.
(a) Use ideas about particles to explain how a gas causes a pressure on the inside of a container.
(3)
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28
*P43329A02832*
(b) The can has a warning sign on it.
WARNING
Pressurised container
Do not expose to temperatures
above 50 ºC
(i) How would increasing the temperature of the compressed air affect the pressure
in the can?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) Explain your answer.
(2)
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(c) The can has a volume of 400 cm3 and the pressure of the compressed air inside is
5 times atmospheric pressure.
Calculate the volume that the air would occupy if it were all released to atmospheric
pressure.
(2)
Volume = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3
(Total for Question 10 = 8 marks)
*P43329A02932*
29
Turn over
11 The photograph shows a type of rollercoaster.
The car is launched from point A in the photograph, accelerates to point B and then rises
over point C.
C
B
A
(a) Each loaded car has a mass of 2000 kg.
C is 128 m above B.
(i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, height and
gravitational field strength.
(1)
(ii) Show that the gravitational potential energy gained by the car when it rises from
B to C is about 2.6 MJ.
(2)
30
*P43329A03032*
(b) The car gains kinetic energy when work is done on it by the launching system
between A and B.
Assume there are no energy losses.
(i) State the minimum kinetic energy that the car must have at B for it to reach C.
(1)
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(ii) How is the kinetic energy gained related to the work done?
(1)
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(iii) Write down the equation linking work done, force and distance.
(1)
(iv) The launching system provides a force of 32 kN.
Calculate the minimum length of track needed between A and B for the car to reach C.
(2)
Length of track = ............................................................ m
(c) Sometimes the car does not reach C, but rolls backwards to the start.
This can happen when it becomes windy or the track becomes wet.
Explain why these conditions could cause the car to stop before it reaches C.
(2)
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(Total for Question 11 = 10 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P43329A03132*
31
BLANK PAGE
32
*P43329A03232*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Edexcel Certificate
Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P
Wednesday 16 January 2013 – Afternoon
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
KPH0/2P
4PH0/2P
Materials required for examination.
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
t Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t Show
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
t your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 60.
t The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
t The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Keep
on the time.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
and in good English.
t Try to answer everyneatly
t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
P43330A
©2013 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/
*P43330A0124*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current u voltage u time
E = I uVut
pressure u volume = constant
p1 uV1 = p2 uV2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
2× π× r
T
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
v=
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P43330A0224*
BLANK PAGE
*P43330A0324*
3
Turn over
Answer ALL questions.
1 There are different types of ionising radiation.
(a) Complete the table to show the properties of each type.
(2)
Type of ionising radiation
Charge
Emitted by
alpha particle
unstable nuclei
beta particle
–1
gamma ray
0
unstable nuclei
(b) The diagram shows a machine which makes aluminium foil.
The machine uses a radioactive source to measure the thickness of the foil.
rollers
radioactive source
detector
aluminium foil
The radioactive source emits beta particles.
The output from the detector indicates the thickness of the foil.
Explain why beta particles are used, rather than alpha particles or gamma rays.
(3)
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4
*P43330A0424*
(c) The radioactive source contains strontium-90.
A strontium-90 nucleus emits a beta (β–) particle.
(i) Complete the equation to show how strontium-90 decays.
(1)
90
Sr
38
..............
0
Y + –1–
..............
(ii) Which of these describes what happens to the strontium-90 nucleus when it
emits a beta (β–) particle?
(1)
A the number of protons stays the same
B the number of protons increases
C the number of neutrons stays the same
D the number of neutrons increases
(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)
*P43330A0524*
5
Turn over
2 A coal-fired power station and a wind turbine both produce electrical power.
The power station produces 1200 MW and the wind turbine produces 1.5 MW.
(a) Give one advantage of using wind turbines instead of a coal-fired power station to
produce electricity.
(1)
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(b) Coal-fired power stations are still in general use.
Explain why wind turbines have not replaced them.
(4)
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(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)
6
*P43330A0624*
BLANK PAGE
*P43330A0724*
7
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3 A student makes chains of elastic bands by joining them together with paperclips.
He uses a newtonmeter to stretch each chain along a metre rule, as shown in photograph A.
Photograph A
For each chain, he records
Then he calculates the difference in length for each chain.
(a) (i) Complete the table by calculating the missing value.
(1)
Number of
elastic bands
8
Length in cm
Difference in
length in cm
When
tension = 2 N
When
tension = 1 N
1
8.1
7.5
0.6
2
20.2
18.2
2.0
3
31.7
29.3
2.4
4
43.7
40.3
3.4
5
56.3
51.6
4.7
6
67.6
62.5
*P43330A0824*
(ii) Use the grid to plot a graph to show the relationship between the number of
elastic bands and the difference in length.
(5)
(iii) Describe your line of best fit.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P43330A0924*
9
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(b) Photograph B shows a paperclip in one of the chains against the same metre rule.
Photograph B
Use photograph B to estimate the length of this paperclip.
(2)
Length = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
(c) Look again at photograph A.
Suggest two ways that the student could improve his measuring technique.
(2)
1
. . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
. . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 3 = 12 marks)
10
*P43330A01024*
4 On sunny days, birds can use a column of moving air to help them rise.
The diagram shows one of these air columns rising from hot rocks.
moving air
hot rocks
Describe how the process of convection causes this air movement.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 4 = 3 marks)
*P43330A01124*
11
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BLANK PAGE
12
*P43330A01224*
5 Photograph C shows how a student can use a claw hammer to pull a nail from a piece of wood.
claw hammer
nail
wood
pivot
Photograph C
(a) The mass of the hammer is 0.454 kg.
(i) Calculate the weight of the hammer.
(2)
Weight = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii) From what point does this weight act?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P43330A01324*
13
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(b) Photograph D shows the directions of two other forces on the hammer.
F1
(force on the hammer
from the hand)
distance 1
distance 2
F2
(force on the hammer
from the nail)
pivot
Photograph D
(i) Draw an arrow on photograph D to show the force on the nail from the hammer.
(2)
14
*P43330A01424*
(ii) Suggest two ways that the student could increase the moment on the hammer.
(2)
1
. . . . . . ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
. . . . . . ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)
*P43330A01524*
15
Turn over
6 In 1901, Marconi received the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
The signal was the letter S in Morse code (three ‘dots’) sent over and over again.
Each letter S was produced by quickly turning an electric spark on and off three times.
The graph shows how the strength of the signal changed with time.
Signal strength
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Time in s
(a) (i) The graph shows a digital signal.
Explain what is meant by a digital signal.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
*P43330A01624*
(ii) Suggest two ways that this signal could be made to carry more information.
(2)
1
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. . . . . . . . . . ............................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
. . . . . . ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................... .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The frequency of Marconi’s radio wave was 820 kHz and the wavelength was 366 m.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength for radio waves.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the speed of the radio waves Marconi received.
(2)
Speed of radio waves = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
(c) Some people do not believe that Marconi received 820 kHz radio waves.
They think that the frequency was really twice as much: 1640 kHz.
If these people are correct, what wavelength radio waves did Marconi receive?
(1)
Wavelength = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
*P43330A01724*
17
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(d) Other people do not think Marconi received a radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean at all.
They think the radio waves he received were really caused by electrostatic discharges
from storm clouds.
storm cloud
Explain what happens when a storm cloud discharges.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)
18
*P43330A01824*
BLANK PAGE
*P43330A01924*
19
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7 A laptop battery charger contains a step-down transformer.
(a) The number of turns on the primary coil of a step-down transformer is
(1)
A the same as the number of secondary turns
B more than the number of secondary turns
C less than the number of secondary turns
D zero
(b) This transformer is designed to reduce the voltage from 230 V to 12 V.
The primary current is 0.25 A.
(i) State the equation linking primary voltage, primary current, secondary voltage
and secondary current for a transformer.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the secondary current, assuming that the transformer is 100% efficient.
(2)
Secondary current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
20
*P43330A02024*
(c) A student notices that the charger becomes warm when it is working.
Suggest how this will affect the output of the transformer.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)
*P43330A02124*
21
Turn over
8 A bowling ball rolls for 3 s and hits a pin.
pin
ball
The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes with time.
7
6
5
4
Velocity
in m/s
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
Time in s
(a) How can the graph be used to find the distance that the ball rolls before it hits the pin?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
*P43330A02224*
(b) The mass of the ball is 6.4 kg.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the momentum of the ball before it hits the pin.
Give the unit.
(3)
Momentum = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) (i) What is the velocity of the ball after it hits the pin?
(1)
Velocity = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
(ii) After the collision, the ball and the pin have the same velocity.
Calculate the mass of the pin.
(3)
Mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg
(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
*P43330A02324*
23
BLANK PAGE
24
*P43330A02424*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0
Paper: 1P
Monday 13 January 2014 – Afternoon
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
KPH0/1P 4PH0/1P
KSC0/1P 4SC0/1P
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Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
t Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t Show
Some
questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
t your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
The total mark for this paper is 120.
t The
for each question are shown in brackets
t – usemarks
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Read
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t Write anyoureyeanswers
and in good English.
t Try to answer everyneatly
t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
P42871XA
©2014 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/2/
*P42871XA0132*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P42871XA0232*
BLANK PAGE
*P42871XA0332*
3
Turn over
Answer ALL questions.
1 The diagram shows typical values for the percentage energy losses from a house.
30% roof
35% walls
10% windows
10% doors
15% floors
(a) Most energy is lost through
(1)
A the floors
B the roof
C the walls
D the windows
(b) The total percentage energy loss from the roof and the windows is
(1)
A 10%
B 20%
C 30%
D 40%
4
*P42871XA0432*
(c) Insulation is used to reduce energy losses from houses.
Insulating material often consists of fibres with air between them.
The diagram shows a section through some insulating material.
air trapped
between fibres
cold loft
warm room
(i) Explain how this type of insulation reduces energy loss by conduction.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain how this type of insulation reduces energy loss by convection.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
*P42871XA0532*
5
Turn over
2 Pepper’s Ghost is a theatre effect used to make it appear that there is an image on stage.
The diagram shows a theatre viewed from above.
A sheet of glass is placed on the stage. A brightly lit actor stands behind a curtain at
the side of the stage.
The audience sees the reflection of this actor in the glass.
sheet of glass
image
actor behind
curtain
curtain
audience
(a) Add a ray diagram to show how light from the actor appears to come from the image.
(3)
(b) The image formed by the glass is a virtual image.
State what is meant by the term virtual image.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
*P42871XA0632*
(c) Light travels as a transverse wave.
Some waves travel as longitudinal waves.
(i) Give an example of a wave that travels as a longitudinal wave.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
You may draw diagrams to help your answer.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)
*P42871XA0732*
7
Turn over
3 The photograph shows an extension cable on a reel.
There is a warning label on the reel.
WARNING
maximum allowable power
when cable fully extended – 2400 W, 240 V
when cable coiled up – 700 W, 240 V
(a) (i) State the equation linking power, current and voltage.
(1)
(ii) Complete the table by inserting the missing value.
(1)
Power in W
8
Voltage in V
700
240
2400
240
Current in A
*P42871XA0832*
10
(b) The extension cable is fitted with a 13 A fuse.
(i) Describe how the fuse protects the cable.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain why a 5 A fuse is not suitable for this extension cable.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Suggest why the maximum recommended current is lower when the cable is
coiled up.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)
*P42871XA0932*
9
Turn over
4 The diagram shows the magnetic field pattern around a bar magnet.
bar magnet
(a) Complete the diagram above by labelling the poles on the bar magnet.
(2)
10
*P42871XA01032*
(b) Describe an experiment to investigate the shape of the magnetic field pattern of
a bar magnet.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 4 = 5 marks)
*P42871XA01132*
11
Turn over
5 A student investigates the motion of a toy car as it moves freely down a slope.
starting
height
The student wants to find the link between the starting height of the car and the speed
of the car at the bottom of the slope.
(a) (i) State the independent variable in this investigation.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest a link between the starting height of the car and its speed at the
bottom of the slope.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Describe how the student should measure the starting height of the car.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P42871XA01232*
(c) The student describes how she will find the speed of the car at the bottom of the slope.
I will start the timer when the car begins to move.
I will stop the timer when the car reaches the bottom.
I will find the speed at the bottom by dividing the
distance moved by the time taken.
(i) Explain why the student will not be able to calculate the correct speed using
this method.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe how the student should take the measurements needed to find the
speed of the car at the bottom of the slope.
You should name any additional equipment needed.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42871XA01332*
13
Turn over
(d) The student repeats the experiment using the same equipment and the same
starting height.
She finds out that the time taken for the car to move down the slope is not
exactly the same for each experiment.
Suggest three reasons why the student gets different results when she repeats
the experiment.
(3)
1 . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)
14
*P42871XA01432*
6 Echo sounding is used to detect fish in the sea.
Sound waves are emitted from a fishing boat. Some of the sound waves are reflected
by fish and detected back at the boat.
(a) The shortest time between the sound waves being emitted and detected is 0.26 s.
The speed of sound in water is 1.5 km/s.
Calculate the distance between the boat and the nearest fish.
(4)
distance = ................................................. m
(b) Each sound wave is emitted for a very short time.
The reflected sound wave received at the boat lasts for a longer time.
Suggest a reason for this difference in time.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)
*P42871XA01532*
15
Turn over
7 A skydiver jumps from an aircraft.
(a) The mass of the skydiver is 70 kg.
(i) State the equation linking weight, mass and g.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the weight of the skydiver and state the unit.
(2)
weight = ....................................... unit .......................................
(b) The graph shows the vertical velocity of the skydiver during the first 40 s of the fall.
His parachute is not open during this time.
Vertical
velocity
0–
0
10
20
Time in s
30
40
Explain the shape of the graph.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
*P42871XA01632*
(c) The diagram shows the skydiver falling at a constant velocity.
Add two labelled arrows to the diagram to represent the forces acting on the skydiver.
(3)
(d) The skydiver opens his parachute after 40 s.
Continue the line on the graph to show how the skydiver’s vertical velocity changes
and reaches terminal velocity.
(2)
Vertical
velocity
0–
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Time in s
(Total for Question 7 = 12 marks)
*P42871XA01732*
17
Turn over
8 A student investigates the efficiency of an electric motor.
motor
motor shaft
bench
string
mass
She uses the motor to lift a mass.
The table shows her measurements.
Current in motor
1.3 A
Voltage across motor
10.3 V
Time taken to lift mass
4.7 s
Force needed to lift mass
20 N
Distance the mass was lifted
0.85 m
(a) Calculate the electrical energy supplied to the motor during this time.
(2)
energy supplied = ................................................. J
18
*P42871XA01832*
(b) (i) State the equation linking work done, force and distance moved.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the work done on the mass.
(2)
work done = ................................................. J
(iii) State the useful energy transferred to the mass.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) (i) State the equation linking efficiency, useful energy output and total energy input.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the motor.
(2)
efficiency = .................................................
(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)
*P42871XA01932*
19
Turn over
9 A student investigates how the extension of a spring varies when he hangs different
loads from it.
spring
load
(a) Write a plan for the student’s investigation.
Your plan should include details of how the student can make accurate measurements.
You may add to the diagram to help your answer.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
*P42871XA02032*
(b) The student finds that the spring obeys Hooke’s law.
Draw a graph on the axes to show the Hooke’s law relationship.
Label the axes.
(3)
0
0
(c) The student concludes that the spring shows elastic behaviour.
Explain what is meant by the term elastic behaviour.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 9 = 10 marks)
*P42871XA02132*
21
Turn over
10 The Astra satellite is in an orbit around the Earth.
(a) The satellite uses microwave signals for communication.
Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has longer wavelengths than
microwaves?
(1)
A gamma rays
B radio waves
C ultraviolet light
D visible light
(ii) Which of these statements is correct?
(1)
A Microwaves always travel faster than radio waves.
B Microwaves always travel slower than radio waves.
C Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
D Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in all materials.
(iii) State one property of electromagnetic waves that makes microwaves suitable
for communications with a satellite in space.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
*P42871XA02232*
(b) The Astra satellite takes 24 hours to orbit the Earth once.
It travels at a speed of 3.1 km/s.
Calculate the orbital radius of the satellite and give the unit.
(4)
orbital radius = ....................................... unit .......................................
(c) The Astra satellite orbits above the equator and travels in the same direction as
the rotation of the Earth.
Suggest why this type of 24-hour orbit is an advantage for communications.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 10 = 8 marks)
*P42871XA02332*
23
Turn over
11 The photograph shows a solar-powered battery charger connected to a mobile phone.
mobile
phone
cable
battery
charger
When the battery charger is used, it transfers light energy from the Sun to the battery
of the mobile phone.
(a) Complete the energy transfer diagram.
(2)
light energy
from the Sun
24
energy
in the charger and
the cable
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................
energy
in the battery of the
mobile phone
.................................................................
*P42871XA02432*
(b) It takes 3.5 hours to recharge the battery fully.
The average current supplied by the charger is 400 mA.
(i) State the equation linking charge, current and time.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the amount of charge needed to recharge the battery fully, and give
the unit.
(3)
charge = ....................................... unit .......................................
(c) If the charger is moved into the shade, the output power decreases.
The voltage across the charger stays the same.
Explain how moving the charger into the shade affects the time needed to recharge
the battery fully.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 11 = 8 marks)
*P42871XA02532*
25
Turn over
12 A scientist placed a radioactive source in front of a Geiger-Muller detector and measured
the count rate every 20 minutes.
The table shows her data.
Time
in minutes
Count rate
in counts per minute
Corrected count rate
in counts per minute
0
660
630
20
462
432
40
330
300
60
240
210
80
180
150
100
142
112
(a) The scientist corrects the count rate readings to allow for background radiation.
(i) State two sources of background radiation.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe how the scientist should measure the background radiation and correct
the count rate readings.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
*P42871XA02632*
(iii) Plot a graph of corrected count rate against time and draw the curve of best fit.
(5)
(iv) Use your graph to find the half-life of the radioactive source.
(2)
half-life = ....................................... minutes
*P42871XA02732*
27
Turn over
(b) The radioactive nuclei in the source emit beta radiation.
What effect does the emission of a beta particle have on a nucleus?
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) The scientist needs to reduce the risks when working with radioactive sources.
(i) Explain why radioactive sources can be dangerous.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe how the risks of working with radioactive sources can be reduced.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 12 = 19 marks)
28
*P42871XA02832*
13 (a) A diver breathes air from a cylinder when he is under water.
(i) The cylinder contains 8 litres of air at 200 times atmospheric pressure.
The air is released from the cylinder at normal atmospheric pressure.
The diver needs 16 litres of air per minute.
Calculate the maximum amount of time that the diver can breathe under water
using this cylinder.
(3)
time = ....................................... minutes
(ii) When the diver breathes out, bubbles are released.
Suggest why the bubbles expand as they rise to the surface.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P42871XA02932*
29
Turn over
(b) A student wants to investigate how the volume of a balloon changes with pressure.
(i) Suggest how the student could measure the volume of an inflated balloon.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
*P42871XA03032*
(ii) The student plans to measure the pressure of the air in the balloon.
To measure the pressure in the balloon I will count how many
times I push the pump. The same amount of air goes into the
balloon with each push.
When there is twice as much air in the balloon the pressure
will be twice as high, so the pressure will be proportional to the
number of times I push the pump.
Explain why the student’s plan will not work.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 13 = 9 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P42871XA03132*
31
BLANK PAGE
32
*P42871XA03232*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P
Tuesday 14 January 2014 – Afternoon
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
KPH0/2P
4PH0/2P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
t Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t Show
Some
questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
t your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t The
for each question are shown in brackets
t – usemarks
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Read
Keep
on the time.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
and in good English.
t Try to answer everyneatly
t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
P42877A
©2014 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/
*P42877A0120*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P42877A0220*
BLANK PAGE
*P42877A0320*
3
Turn over
Answer ALL questions.
1 Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope that emits beta particles.
(a) The equation for this decay is
I oAZXe +
131
53
0
–1
e
(i) The atomic (proton) number for iodine-131 is
(1)
A 0
B 53
C 78
D 131
(ii) The mass (nucleon) number for Xe is
(1)
A –1
B 0
C 53
D 131
(b) Iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid cancer.
This radioactive isotope is allowed to enter the tumour.
Explain why iodine-131 is suitable for this treatment.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)
4
*P42877A0420*
2 (a) State the similarity and the difference between scalars and vectors.
(2)
similarity
..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... ....................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
difference .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................ ..................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Complete the table by ticking (3) the correct boxes to show whether each quantity
is a scalar or a vector.
The first one has been done for you.
(3)
Quantity
Scalar
density
3
Vector
energy
force
momentum
speed
velocity
(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)
*P42877A0520*
5
Turn over
3 The properties of materials can be explained using particle theory.
Brownian motion provides evidence to support particle theory.
(a) (i) Give an example of Brownian motion.
(1)
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(ii) Explain how Brownian motion supports the idea that matter is made from tiny
particles in continuous motion.
(2)
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(b) These are some observations about samples of ice, water and steam.
Shape
6
Size
ice
keeps a fixed shape
keeps a fixed size
water
takes the shape
of the container
keeps a fixed size
steam
takes the shape
of the container
fills the container
*P42877A0620*
Explain each of the observations in terms of the arrangement and motion of the particles.
You may use diagrams to help your answer.
(6)
particles in ice
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particles in water
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particles in steam
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(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)
*P42877A0720*
7
Turn over
4 A student investigates how the voltage across a thermistor varies with temperature.
The student keeps the current in the thermistor constant, but varies the temperatures
between 20 °C and 100 °C.
(a) The diagram shows how the student sets up his apparatus.
thermometer
water
thermistor
heat
Suggest three changes to this set up that would improve the accuracy of the
measurement of the thermistor temperature.
(3)
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(b) What instrument should the student use to measure the current in the thermistor?
(1)
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8
*P42877A0820*
(c) The table shows the student’s results.
Temperature
in °C
Voltage
in V
20
6.0
40
2.2
60
1.1
80
0.2
100
0.4
(i) Plot a graph of voltage against temperature and draw the line of best fit.
(5)
(ii) Circle the anomalous point on your graph.
(1)
*P42877A0920*
9
Turn over
(d) (i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
(ii) At room temperature the thermistor has a resistance of 680 Ω.
The voltage across it is 5.9 V.
Show that the current in the thermistor is about 8.5 mA.
(3)
(Total for Question 4 = 14 marks)
10
*P42877A01020*
5 Some cars have a pedestrian airbag for safety.
If a pedestrian is hit and lands on the front of the car, the airbag inflates.
pedestrian
airbag
©volvocars
Use ideas about momentum to explain how this airbag can reduce injuries to pedestrians.
(4)
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(Total for Question 5 = 4 marks)
*P42877A01120*
11
Turn over
6 (a) A student wants to find the refractive index of a glass block.
(i) Draw a diagram to show how the student should set up the apparatus needed
to find the refractive index of a glass block.
Label your diagram.
(2)
(ii) What measurements should the student take to find the refractive index of
the glass block?
(2)
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(iii) Describe how the student should use these measurements to find the
refractive index of the glass block.
(2)
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12
*P42877A01220*
(b) The diagram shows a section through a bicycle reflector.
A ray of light is incident on the flat surface of the reflector.
air
plastic
air
incident ray
flat surface
of reflector
jagged surface
of reflector
(i) The critical angle for the plastic of the reflector is less than 45°.
Continue the incident ray on the diagram to show the path of the ray until it
emerges from the plastic.
(2)
(ii) What happens to the incident ray as it enters the plastic?
(1)
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(Total for Question 6 = 9 marks)
*P42877A01320*
13
Turn over
7 The diagram shows two identical metal rods placed inside a coil of wire.
coil of wire
d.c. supply
metal rods
(a) When a direct current is supplied to the coil, a magnetic field forms and the metal rods
move apart.
Explain why the metal rods move apart.
(2)
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(b) When the current is switched off, the metal rods return to their starting places.
Suggest what material the metal rods are made from.
Explain your answer.
(3)
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14
*P42877A01420*
(c) The direct current in the coil is replaced by an alternating current.
Explain what will happen to the magnetic field.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 7 marks)
*P42877A01520*
15
Turn over
8 A man uses a uniform plank to lift a block.
He holds the plank horizontal.
block
200 N
0.75 m
1200 N
length of plank
3m
The arrows on the diagram represent three forces on the plank.
(a) Complete the table to identify the missing force.
(1)
Force
F
Name of force
force of man pushing down on the plank
1200 N
weight of block
200 N
(b) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)
16
*P42877A01620*
(ii) Calculate the clockwise moment of the block about the pivot.
(2)
moment = ........................................ Nm
(c) Calculate the force of the man pushing down on the plank.
(4)
force = ........................................ N
(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
*P42877A01720*
17
BLANK PAGE
18
*P42877A01820*
BLANK PAGE
*P42877A01920*
19
BLANK PAGE
20
*P42877A02020*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0
Paper: 1P
Wednesday 14 January 2015 – Afternoon
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
KPH0/1P 4PH0/1P
KSC0/1P 4SC0/1P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
t Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
t Show
Some
questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
t your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
t The
The
marks
each question are shown in brackets
t – use this asfora guide
as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Keep
on the time.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
and in good English.
t Try to answer everyneatly
t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
P44250A
©2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/
*P44250A0132*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2×π×r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P44250A0232*
Answer ALL questions.
1 Mains electricity is used in circuits at home.
(a) Double insulation is needed for safety when there is
(1)
A no circuit breaker
B no earth connection
C no fuse
D no switch
(b) A fuse is used so that
(1)
A an earth connection is not needed
B the appliances are more efficient
C the circuit cannot overheat if there is a fault
D the user cannot touch a live wire
(c) Most lamps at home have their own switch.
This is because the lamps are connected
(1)
A in parallel
B in series
C to a fuse
D to an earth wire
(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)
*P44250A0332*
3
Turn over
2 Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays have different properties.
(a) Complete the table by ticking the correct type of radiation for each property.
The first one has been done for you.
(2)
Type of radiation
Property
alpha particles
most ionising
beta particles
gamma rays
3
largest mass
most penetrating
highest speed
negatively charged
(b) The symbol for the structure of an alpha particle is
4
Į
2
(i) State the number of neutrons and the number of protons in an alpha particle.
(2)
number of neutrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................. ........................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
number of protons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................... .............................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest why alpha radiation is more ionising than beta or gamma radiation.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P44250A0432*
(c) A smoke alarm contains a source of alpha particles and a detector.
The alpha particles reach the detector through a sample of air from the room.
The alarm sounds if there is a sudden drop in the detector reading.
This graph shows changes in the detector reading.
alarm
sounds
detector
reading
0
time
(i) Why is the detector reading never zero?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Why is the detector reading never constant?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Suggest why fewer alpha particles reach the detector if there is a fire.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)
*P44250A0532*
5
Turn over
3 (a) Which statement about sound waves is correct?
(1)
A sound waves cannot be reflected
B sound waves are electromagnetic
C sound waves are longitudinal
D sound waves are transverse
(b) A microphone is connected to a data logger, which displays each sound wave as a graph.
The diagrams show the graphs for two different sound waves.
Sound wave P
Sound wave Q
The graphs have the same scales.
In the horizontal direction: 1 square = 0.001 s
6
*P44250A0632*
(i) The amplitude of sound wave Q is
(1)
A larger than the amplitude of sound wave P
B smaller than the amplitude of sound wave P
C the same as the amplitude of sound wave P
D zero
(ii) The frequency of sound wave P is 250 Hz.
Find the time period of sound wave P.
(1)
time period = .............................................................. s
(iii) Find the frequency of sound wave Q.
(1)
frequency = .............................................................. Hz
(Total for Question 3 = 4 marks)
*P44250A0732*
7
Turn over
4 The diagram shows some people waiting in a queue at a supermarket.
person X
checkout
The queue moves forward each time a person leaves the checkout.
Person X spends seven minutes in the queue before reaching the checkout.
The graph shows how distance changes with time for person X.
7
6
5
distance
in m
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
time in minutes
8
*P44250A0832*
8
(a) (i) What is the initial length of the queue?
(1)
initial length = .............................................................. m
(ii) Explain how you could use the graph to work out the number of times person X
is stationary.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) (i) State the equation linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the average speed of person X in the queue.
Give the unit.
(3)
average speed = .............................................. unit .........................
(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)
*P44250A0932*
9
Turn over
5 The diagram shows a chimney over a furnace.
A coal fire is burning in the furnace.
chimney
Air moves into the furnace and up the chimney.
furnace
air in
coal fire
Describe how the process of convection causes this air movement.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 5 = 5 marks)
10
*P44250A01032*
6 A student uses a digital calliper to measure the diameter of a knitting needle.
digital
calliper
knitting
needle
The digital calliper gives readings to the nearest 0.01 mm.
(a) The student measures the diameter of the knitting needle eight times.
These are her readings.
(i) Circle the anomalous reading.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the average value for the diameter of the knitting needle.
(3)
average diameter = .............................................................. mm
*P44250A01132*
11
Turn over
(b) The student finds more knitting needles, some of which are shown in the photographs.
Each knitting needle is marked with a number that indicates its size.
Each number corresponds to a set diameter, as shown in the table.
Number on
knitting
needle
Diameter
in mm
14
2.00
12
2.75
10
3.25
8
4.00
6
5.00
4
6.00
The student displays this data as a chart.
7
6
5
diameter 4
in mm
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14
number on knitting needle
12
*P44250A01232*
(i) Name the type of chart used by the student.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain why the data is best displayed using this chart rather than another
type of graph.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Describe the relationship between the number on a knitting needle and
its diameter.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) The knitting needles are not uniform in shape.
Describe how the student could measure the volume of a non-uniform shape.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 6 = 13 marks)
*P44250A01332*
13
Turn over
7 The photograph shows a car tyre that needs to be inflated.
Author: Ildar Sagdejev
The tyre exerts a pressure on the road of 270 kPa.
The area of the tyre touching the road is 0.016 m2.
(a) (i) State the equation linking pressure, force and area.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the force exerted on the road by the tyre.
Give the unit.
(4)
force = .............................................. unit .........................
14
*P44250A01432*
(b) Use ideas about molecules to explain why the air inside the tyre exerts pressure.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(c) Air is pumped into the tyre to inflate it.
This increases the temperature and the pressure of the air in the tyre.
Use ideas about molecules to explain why the air pressure in the tyre increases.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)
*P44250A01532*
15
Turn over
8 (a) A student investigates the energy transfers in a small generator.
She connects the generator to a circuit that includes a lamp.
She hangs a mass from a string wound around the axle.
The lamp lights as the mass falls to the ground.
generator
axle
ruler
mass
The table shows the student’s results.
height that mass falls
0.61 m
mass
2.75 kg
time taken for mass to fall
1.3 s
average current in the lamp
0.46 A
average voltage across the lamp
12.7 V
(i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the gravitational potential energy, GPE, lost by the mass.
(2)
GPE = .............................................................. J
16
*P44250A01632*
(iii) Explain why only some of the gravitational potential energy of the mass is
transferred to the lamp.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iv) Calculate the energy transferred to the lamp.
(2)
energy transferred = .............................................................. J
(b) Water from a reservoir can be used to generate electricity on a large scale.
Describe the energy transfers involved in this process.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 8 = 10 marks)
*P44250A01732*
17
Turn over
9 The volume of a piece of brass is 16.3 cm3.
A student measures its mass using an electronic balance.
The mass of the brass is 138 g.
(a) (i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the density of brass.
Give the unit.
(3)
density = .............................................. unit .........................
(b) The student notices that the electronic balance has a zero error, so it shows
mass readings that are all slightly too small.
This means that the density value is
(1)
A incorrect and slightly too large
B incorrect and slightly too small
C correct because the student used three significant figures
D correct because the mass of the block is more than zero
(Total for Question 9 = 5 marks)
18
*P44250A01832*
10 A student plans to measure the resistance of a piece of wire.
He sets up this circuit and finds that it does not work.
V
A
piece of wire
(a) Identify the three errors in the student’s circuit.
(3)
1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44250A01932*
19
Turn over
(b) The student uses a correct circuit to obtain these results.
Current in amps
Voltage in volts
0.00
0.0
0.24
1.5
0.71
4.5
0.89
6.0
1.00
7.5
1.10
9.0
(i) Plot a graph to show the relationship between current and voltage for the wire.
(5)
20
*P44250A02032*
(ii) Find the current when the voltage is 2.5 V.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Suggest why the line on the graph curves.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Describe what else the student should do to find an accurate value for the
resistance of the piece of wire at a constant temperature.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 10 = 14 marks)
*P44250A02132*
21
Turn over
11 A student plans to measure the refractive index of glass.
She traces a ray of light through a glass block as shown in the diagram.
A
B
C
D
(a) Which letter represents the angle of refraction?
(1)
A
B
C
D
(b) Explain how the student can use the glass block to find an accurate value for the
refractive index of glass.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 11 = 5 marks)
22
*P44250A02232*
12 The diagram shows a box attached to a parachute, falling at constant velocity.
(a) State the name for this constant velocity.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Explain, in terms of forces, why the box and parachute fall at constant velocity.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 12 = 5 marks)
*P44250A02332*
23
Turn over
13 A golfer practises hitting balls on a golf course.
(a) Ball X rolls along level ground, as shown in the diagram.
(i) Add labelled arrows to the diagram to show the directions of two of the forces
acting on ball X.
(2)
(ii) Explain why ball X slows down and stops.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The golfer hits ball Y at an angle into the air.
He gives it the same initial kinetic energy as ball X.
Suggest why ball Y travels much further than ball X before it stops.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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24
*P44250A02432*
(c) The mass of ball Y is 45 g.
The golfer gives the ball 36 J of kinetic energy when he hits it.
(i) State the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the initial speed of ball Y.
(4)
initial speed = .............................................................. m/s
(iii) Ball Y reaches a maximum height of 30 m.
Suggest how the golfer should hit ball Y so it can reach a greater height.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 13 = 12 marks)
*P44250A02532*
25
Turn over
14 A student investigates how to produce a voltage.
He hangs a magnet from a spring, above a coil that is connected to a data logger.
spring
N
magnet
S
data logger
coil
X
(a) The student pulls the magnet through the coil to X and then releases it.
The magnet moves up and down through the coil.
The data logger produces this graph of voltage against time.
1.5
1.0
voltage
in mV
0.5
0
time
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
26
*P44250A02632*
(i) Explain why the data logger records a varying voltage.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) Which feature of the graph shows that the voltage is alternating?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iii) Suggest why the voltage changes as shown by the graph.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P44250A02732*
27
Turn over
(b) The student repeats the experiment using two magnets taped together.
spring
N N
two magnets
S S
coil
Compared to one magnet, these two magnets take a longer time to move up and down.
The dotted line on the grid shows the original graph for one magnet.
On the same grid, sketch the graph that would be produced using two magnets.
(3)
1.5
1.0
voltage
in mV
0.5
0
time
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
(Total for Question 14 = 8 marks)
28
*P44250A02832*
15 In 1969, astronauts left a reflector on the surface of the Moon.
site of reflector
Author: Gregory H. Revera
The reflector consists of mirrors at 90° to each other.
Scientists on Earth aim light from a laser at the reflector.
This light reflects back to them.
(a) The diagram shows two mirrors in the reflector.
Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray of light.
(2)
ray of light
from Earth
*P44250A02932*
29
Turn over
(b) The speed of light in a vacuum is 300 000 km/s.
The average time for a ray of light to travel to the Moon and back is about 2.6 s.
Show that the Moon is about 400 000 km from the Earth.
(3)
(c) Scientists measure the time for the light to travel to the Moon and back very accurately,
but the time is different every day.
The graph shows how these times change over the period of one month.
2.75
2.70
2.65
time
in s
2.60
2.55
2.50
2.45
1 Feb
8 Feb
15 Feb
22 Feb
1 Mar
date of reading
30
*P44250A03032*
(i) Suggest what can be deduced about the orbit of the Moon from the information
in the graph.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The scientists also discovered that the average time for light to travel to the
Moon and back increases gradually every year.
What further information does this give about the orbit of the Moon?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 15 = 9 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P44250A03132*
31
BLANK PAGE
32
*P44250A03232*
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Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P
Thursday 15 January 2015 – Morning
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
KPH0/2P
4PH0/2P
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all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
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– there may be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
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t your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
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The total mark for this paper is 60.
t The
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t – usemarks
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t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
P44251A
©2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/
*P44251A0116*
Turn over
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P44251A0216*
Answer ALL questions.
1 Electrical energy can be transmitted using a high voltage of 132 kV.
(a) A voltage of 132 kV is the same as
(1)
A 132 V
B 1320 V
C 132 000 V
D 132 000 000 V
(b) Using a high voltage increases the
(1)
A current in the wires
B efficiency of transmission
C energy lost as heat
D resistance of the wires
(c) The high voltage can be reduced using a
(1)
A generator
B magnet
C transformer
D transmitter
(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)
*P44251A0316*
3
Turn over
2 Planets and comets in our Solar System orbit the Sun.
(a) Which force causes planets and comets to orbit the Sun?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The diagram shows the orbits of a planet and a comet around the Sun.
[not to scale]
. . . . ..................................
......................................
........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) On the diagram, label the planet, the comet and the Sun.
(1)
(ii) Explain why it is possible for a planet and a comet in our Solar System to collide.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)
4
*P44251A0416*
3 The photograph shows a fuel delivery at a petrol station.
Source: Jeeferson Siegel, New York Daily News
(a) Explain how a fuel tanker can become electrically charged while it is moving.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) Pumping fuel from an electrically-charged tanker can be dangerous.
(i) Describe a possible danger of pumping fuel from an electrically-charged tanker.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) The driver connects an earth wire to the fuel tanker before pumping fuel.
Explain how connecting the earth wire reduces the possible dangers.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 3 = 5 marks)
*P44251A0516*
5
Turn over
4 A student investigates the stretching of rubber bands.
She stretches four rubber bands as shown in the photograph.
She applies a force of 5.0 N and measures the length of the rubber bands.
She repeats the experiment with different numbers of rubber bands, using a force of
5.0 N each time.
The table shows her results.
Number of
rubber bands
Stretched length
in cm
1
43.2
2
28.0
3
21.5
4
5
17.6
6
17.0
(a) (i) Estimate the length of the four rubber bands shown in the photograph and
use your value to complete the table.
(1)
(ii) Suggest two reasons why your estimate may not be accurate.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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6
*P44251A0616*
(b) Suggest how the student made this investigation a fair test.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(c) (i) The number of rubber bands is a series of whole numbers.
State the name of this type of variable.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Display the results of the student’s investigation on the grid.
(4)
(iii) Describe the relationship between the number of rubber bands and the
stretched length.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)
*P44251A0716*
7
Turn over
5 Liquid helium boils at 4.2 K.
(a) Convert 4.2 K to a temperature in qC.
(1)
temperature = .............................................................. qC
(b) Liquid helium boils to form helium gas.
(i) State two ways in which the arrangement and motion of the molecules change
as the helium becomes a gas.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The average kinetic energy of the molecules in helium gas depends on its
Kelvin temperature.
Sketch a graph on the axes below to show this relationship.
(2)
average
kinetic energy
0
0
temperature in Kelvin
8
*P44251A0816*
(c) Some air is trapped in a narrow glass tube so that its pressure remains constant.
end of tube open
to atmosphere
narrow glass tube
liquid
column of
trapped air
Describe how this apparatus can be used to investigate the relationship between
the temperature and the volume of air at constant pressure.
You may add to the diagram to help your answer.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)
*P44251A0916*
9
Turn over
6 A person has a suitcase with wheels.
13 N
(a) The person pulls the suitcase with a horizontal force of 13 N for 110 m.
(i) State the equation linking work done, force and distance moved.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the work done on the suitcase by the person.
(2)
work done = .............................................................. J
(iii) How much energy is transferred to the suitcase?
(1)
energy transferred = .............................................................. J
10
*P44251A01016*
(b) The suitcase falls over.
Explain why it loses gravitational potential energy when it falls.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) The person starts to raise the suitcase again by pulling on the handle with force F.
The weight of the suitcase is 150 N.
F
pivot
0.87 m
0.32 m
150 N
(i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
the pivot.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Calculate the force F that the person must apply on the handle to start raising
the suitcase.
(3)
force F = .............................................................. N
(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)
*P44251A01116*
11
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7 An unstable isotope of strontium has a half-life of 28.8 years.
It is a beta emitter and can be represented by this symbol.
90
Sr
38
(a) (i) What is the mass number of this isotope?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain the meaning of the term half-life.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) A person can absorb strontium atoms, which stay in their bones.
Explain why strontium-90 in the bones is a serious health hazard.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P44251A01216*
(b) When a strontium-90 nucleus emits a beta particle, it decays to form yttrium-90.
(i) Complete the equation for this decay.
(2)
90
Sr
38
o
Y
ȕ–
39
(ii) Yttrium-90 is also an unstable isotope.
Explain why strontium-90 and yttrium-90 can both be described as isotopes,
even though they have different numbers of protons.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)
*P44251A01316*
13
Turn over
8 A pulsar is a type of star.
We receive radiation from a pulsar in regular short bursts called pulses.
(a) Some pulsars emit radio waves. Other pulsars emit x-rays.
(i) State a property of waves that is the same for radio waves and x-rays.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State two properties of waves that are different for radio waves and x-rays.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P44251A01416*
(b) The graph shows five pulses of the signal from a pulsar.
1
0.8
signal strength
in arbitrary units
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
time in s
(i) Explain how the graph shows that the signal is not digital.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Use the graph to estimate the average time between each pulse.
(2)
time = .............................................................. s
(iii) Calculate the frequency of the pulses in the signal.
Give the unit.
(2)
frequency = .............................................. unit .........................
(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
*P44251A01516*
15
BLANK PAGE
16
*P44251A01616*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0
Paper: 1P
Tuesday 19 January 2016 – Afternoon
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
KPH0/1P 4PH0/1P
KSC0/1P 4SC0/1P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator, protractor
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• centre
number and candidate number.
Answer
• Answer allthequestions.
in the spaces provided
• – there may bequestions
more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Show
Some
questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
• your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
• The
The
marks
each question are shown in brackets
• – use this asfora guide
as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Read
Write
answers neatly and in good English.
• Try toyour
every question.
• Checkanswer
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P46803A
©2016 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P46803A0128*
EQUATIONS
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2×π×r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
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power =
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You may find the following equations useful.
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2
*P46803A0228*
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Answer ALL questions.
1 The Sun emits visible light, infrared and ultraviolet that travel through space and
reach the surface of the Earth.
(a) State two similarities between visible light, infrared and ultraviolet.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Too much exposure to infrared and ultraviolet can cause damage to the human body.
State the damage that each can cause.
(2)
infrared ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. ............................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ultraviolet .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................... ..................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Seven colours can be seen in the visible light spectrum.
Which colour has the longest wavelength?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)
*P46803A0328*
3
Turn over
2 (a) All metals are good conductors of electricity.
(1)
A carbon
B chalk
C plastic
D rubber
(b) The current in a metallic conductor is a flow of
(1)
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Which of these non-metals can conduct electricity?
A negatively charged electrons
B negatively charged protons
C positively charged electrons
(c) Some metals and alloys are magnetic.
Which of these is magnetic?
(1)
A aluminium
B copper
C gold
D steel
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D positively charged protons
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4
*P46803A0428*
(d) Which of these field patterns is correct?
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(1)
A
S
S
S
N
N
N
N
S
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B
C
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D
(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)
*P46803A0528*
5
Turn over
3 The diagram shows four planets, P, Q, R and S, orbiting a star.
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Not to
scale
R
S
Q
P
(1)
A a galaxy
B the Milky Way
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(a) This combination of planets and a star is most like
C the Solar System
D the universe
(b) Planet Q has a moon.
(1)
(c) On the diagram, draw the orbit of a comet.
(2)
6
*P46803A0628*
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On the diagram, draw the orbit of this moon.
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(d) Planets nearer to the star take less time to orbit the star.
(i) Suggest why.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Planet P makes one complete orbit.
During this time
(1)
A planet R makes more orbits than S
B planet R makes fewer orbits than Q
C planet S makes more orbits than P
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D planet Q makes fewer orbits than P
(e) As the planets orbit the star, the distances between the planets change.
Planet P is 200 million km from the star and planet R is 50 million km from the
star.
(i) Calculate the maximum distance between planet P and planet R.
(1)
maximum distance = ............................................. million km
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(ii) Calculate the minimum distance between planet P and planet R.
(1)
minimum distance = ............................................. million km
(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)
*P46803A0728*
7
Turn over
4 The diagram shows an air track that can be used to investigate motion.
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Air comes out through a series of small holes in the air track.
A small glider floats on a cushion of air.
card
glider
air holes
air in
(a) (i) The diagram below shows the glider at rest on the air track.
(3)
. . . . ................................................
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
*P46803A0828*
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(ii) Explain what effect the cushion of air has on the movement of the glider.
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Complete the diagram to show the forces acting on the glider.
Label the forces.
One force arrow has been drawn for you.
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(b) Two light gates connected to a data logger are placed above the air track so that
the card will pass through them.
The glider moves at a constant speed to the right.
1
glider
light gates
2
air track
The length of the card is 8.3 cm.
The card takes 314 ms to pass through the first light gate.
(i) State the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time
taken.
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(1)
(ii) Calculate the average speed of the card as it passes through the first light gate.
(2)
average speed = ............................................. cm/s
(iii) State the time taken for the card to pass through the second light gate.
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(1)
time taken = ............................................. ms
(Total for Question 4 = 9 marks)
*P46803A0928*
9
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5 (a) A student investigates the resistance of a lamp.
Draw a circuit diagram to show how he should connect the apparatus.
(3)
(1)
(iii) The student obtains this graph for a filament lamp.
2.0
1.5
current in A
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(ii) State the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
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(i) The student uses a circuit that contains an ammeter, a battery, a lamp and a
voltmeter to determine the resistance of the lamp.
1.0
0.5
0
0
2
4
6
8
10 12
Calculate the resistance of the lamp when the voltage is 6.0 V.
Give the unit.
(3)
resistance = .............................................................. unit ...............................
10
*P46803A01028*
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voltage in V
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(iv) The student reverses the battery connections and then repeats his measurements.
On the axes below, sketch the graph that he would obtain.
Part of the graph has been done for you.
(2)
current in A
0
voltage in V
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0
(b) The student replaces the filament lamp with a light emitting diode (LED).
He notices that there is no current in the diode when the battery is reversed.
He replaces the battery with an a.c. supply.
Which graph shows how the current in the diode varies with time?
(1)
current
current
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0
time
0
A
time
B
current
current
0
time
0
C
time
D
(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)
*P46803A01128*
11
Turn over
6 (a) Which diagram shows the reflection of a ray of light at a plane mirror?
(1)
B
C
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A
D
(b) The diagram below shows a ray of light as it passes from air into a glass block.
The angle of incidence is 43° and the light is refracted as shown.
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(i) On the diagram, draw the normal for this refraction.
(1)
(ii) On the diagram, mark the angle of refraction.
(1)
(iii) Measure the angle of refraction.
angle of refraction = ............................................
12
*P46803A01228*
°
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(1)
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(iv) State the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle
of refraction.
(1)
(v) Calculate the refractive index of the glass.
(2)
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refractive index = ............................................
(c) The diagram shows how light can travel in a glass fibre.
light
(i) What is the name given to the effect shown?
(1)
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(ii) Explain what is happening to the light in the glass fibre.
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(3)
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(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)
*P46803A01328*
13
Turn over
7 Scientists use the term radiation in different ways.
(a) Draw a straight line from each description to the type of radiation it describes.
(3)
description
type of radiation
alpha
electromagnetic
waves
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Sometimes radiation means streams of particles and sometimes radiation means high
frequency waves.
beta
particles with a
negative charge
gamma
neutron
(b) Alpha, beta and gamma radiations are described as ionising.
(i) Complete the table to show alpha, beta and gamma radiations in order of
increasing ionisation.
(1)
least ionising
most ionising
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particles with a
positive charge
(ii) Describe two ways in which these ionising radiations can cause harm.
1.
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2.
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14
*P46803A01428*
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(2)
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(c) People who work with ionising radiations need to measure the amount of
radiation they are exposed to.
For many years, a film badge was used to detect the radiations.
The diagram shows how a film badge is constructed.
photographic film
absorber windows
in front of film
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Each absorber window is made from different thicknesses of paper,
aluminium or lead.
Complete the table to show if alpha, beta and gamma radiations penetrate each
material. Some have been done for you.
Use the words ‘goes through’ or ‘stopped’.
(3)
0.1 cm paper
0.5 cm aluminium
0.5 cm lead
alpha radiation
stopped
beta radiation
gamma radiation
stopped
goes through
(d) State the name of another device that can be used to detect alpha radiation.
(1)
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(Total for Question 7 = 10 marks)
*P46803A01528*
15
Turn over
8 (a) A student uses this apparatus to investigate electromagnetic induction.
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101
23
32
N
+ –
S
sensitive
ammeter
coil of wire
When the S pole of the magnet is moved into the coil, the pointer on the sensitive
ammeter moves to the left.
Describe two ways that the student can make the pointer move to the right.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The student has a bicycle with a dynamo (generator) that supplies electricity for its lights.
The diagram shows the dynamo.
The friction wheel, W, presses against the bicycle tyre. When the student pedals,
the friction wheel turns and causes part Y to rotate.
X
Key
W
friction wheel
X
axle
Z
Y
W
Z
metal
casing
(i) Complete the key for the diagram by giving the names of parts Y and Z.
(2)
16
*P46803A01628*
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Y
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(ii) The graph shows how the output voltage of the dynamo varies with time as
the student pedals steadily.
2.0 –
1.0 –
–
–
–
–
–
–
–1.0 –
–
0.0 –
–
voltage
in V
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
time in s
–2.0 –
State the maximum output voltage of the dynamo.
(1)
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maximum output voltage = ............................................ V
(iii) Calculate the frequency of the output voltage.
(2)
frequency = ............................................ Hz
(iv) Which row of the table is correct when the friction wheel turns faster?
(1)
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Output voltage is
Frequency of output voltage is
A
lower
lower
B
higher
lower
C
higher
higher
D
lower
higher
*P46803A01728*
17
Turn over
(v) Apart from changing the speed of the friction wheel, suggest how the output
voltage of the dynamo can be increased.
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(c) The student cycles for 290 s.
Her dynamo produces a constant useful power output of 3.1 W and is
72% efficient.
(i) Calculate the total useful energy output.
(3)
(ii) State the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output and total
energy input.
(1)
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useful energy output = ............................................ J
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(1)
(iii) Calculate the total energy input.
(3)
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total energy input = ............................................ J
(Total for Question 8 = 16 marks)
18
*P46803A01828*
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9 A resistance band is a stretchy plastic band that is used when doing exercises.
The diagram shows a student exercising his leg by stretching a resistance band fixed
to a wall.
resistance
band
fixing point
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34 cm
The student moves his leg 34 cm sideways as shown.
The average resistance force is 23 N.
(a) (i) State the relationship between work done, force and distance moved.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the work done when the student moves his leg sideways once.
(2)
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work done = ............................................ J
(b) The student repeats this movement 15 times in 1 minute.
Calculate the average power of the student during this exercise.
(3)
power = ............................................ W
(Total for Question 9 = 6 marks)
*P46803A01928*
19
Turn over
10 Aneroid barometers are used to measure air pressure.
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A student makes a model aneroid barometer as shown.
long thin pointer
taped to balloon
fabric
stretchy balloon
fabric that seals
the can
pivot
can of air
(a) (i) The balloon fabric is attached to the can to stop the air escaping.
Explain how the air inside the can causes a pressure on the balloon fabric.
(3)
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piece of card that
acts as a scale
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20
*P46803A02028*
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(ii) The balloon fabric is tight and flat.
The pointer is horizontal as shown.
Explain what happens to the different parts of the model when the
atmospheric pressure increases. [You may assume that the temperature
remains constant.]
(4)
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(iii) Suggest two ways that the model could be altered to increase its sensitivity to
changes in atmospheric pressure.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*P46803A02128*
21
Turn over
(b) The student heats the air in her can by placing the can in a water bath.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) Explain why this happens.
(2)
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(i) State how this affects the reading shown by the pointer.
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(Total for Question 10 = 12 marks)
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22
*P46803A02228*
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11 A student investigates the extension of an elastic band for different forces.
(a) (i) List the laboratory apparatus that the student needs for this investigation.
(3)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Extension, force and temperature are variables for this investigation.
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Draw a line from each variable to its type.
(2)
variable
type of variable
extension
control
force
dependent
temperature
independent
(iii) Describe how the student can measure the extension of the elastic band
when he adds a force of 12 N.
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(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P46803A02328*
23
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(b) The student obtains this data as he first adds weights to the elastic band (loading)
and as he then removes weights from the band (unloading).
Extension in cm
Loading
Force in N
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Force in N
Extension in cm
Unloading
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
2.3
1
1.4
4
5.3
3
5.0
6
9.8
7
14.8
8
15.3
9
19.1
10
20.0
10
20.0
He plots the loading data on a graph as shown.
(i) Suggest how the student could improve the quality of his data.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Draw a curve of best fit through the loading data.
(iii) On the same axes, plot the unloading data.
(1)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2)
(iv) Draw a curve of best fit through the unloading data.
(1)
(v) The student concludes that the band is an elastic material and that it obeys
Hooke’s law.
You should support your argument with data.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
*P46803A02428*
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Discuss whether his conclusion is correct.
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21.0 –
20.0 –
19.0 –
18.0 –
17.0 –
16.0 –
15.0 –
14.0 –
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13.0 –
12.0 –
11.0 –
extension
10.0 –
in cm
9.0 –
8.0 –
7.0 –
6.0 –
5.0 –
3.0 –
2.0 –
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.0 –
0
–
1.0 –
–
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4.0 –
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
force in N
(Total for Question 11 = 16 marks)
*P46803A02528*
25
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12 An experimental solar updraft tower (SUT) was built in the south of Spain.
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This part of Spain has little rainfall and is hot in summer months.
The SUT was used as a 50 kW electricity generator.
The diagram shows the component parts of the tower.
The cover allows visible light to pass through but traps infrared. Rows of blocks
under the cover absorb thermal radiation.
Not to
scale
radiation from the Sun
turbine
A
blocks of material that
absorb thermal radiation
(a) (i) Explain what happens to the air at A just under the cover.
(3)
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cover
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) On the diagram, mark the directions of the air movements over the blocks of
material and through the turbine.
(2)
(iii) State the name of this effect.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
*P46803A02628*
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) (i) Complete the energy transfer diagram for a SUT.
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(2)
...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
electrical
. . . . ........................................
(ii) Describe how a SUT can be used to generate electricity.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) (i) Suggest why the SUT generates most electricity during daylight hours.
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(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest why there are blocks of material that absorb thermal radiation in
the SUT.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Suggest an alternative to these blocks that would improve the total energy
output of the SUT.
(1)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 12 = 13 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P46803A02728*
27
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BLANK PAGE
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
28
*P46803A02828*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P
Monday 25 January 2016 – Afternoon
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
KPH0/2P
4PH0/2P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• Fill
centre number and candidate number.
Answer
• Answer allthequestions.
in the spaces provided
• – there may bequestions
more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Show
Some
questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
• your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
The total mark for this paper is 60.
• The
for each question are shown in brackets
• – usemarks
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Read
Write
answers neatly and in good English.
• Try toyour
every question.
• Checkanswer
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P46802A
©2016 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P46802A0120*
EQUATIONS
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
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power =
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You may find the following equations useful.
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2
*P46802A0220*
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Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) Which of these is a vector quantity?
(1)
A density
B force
C mass
D speed
(b) Which of these is a scalar quantity?
(1)
A acceleration
B energy
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C momentum
D velocity
(c) When a book from a low shelf is placed on a higher shelf, the book gains
(1)
A gravitational potential energy
B mass
C weight
D work
(d) When an object falls at terminal velocity
(1)
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A it accelerates at 10 m/s2
B it has no weight
C the resultant vertical force is downwards
D the vertical forces on it are balanced
(Total for Question 1 = 4 marks)
*P46802A0320*
3
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2 The photograph shows some large concrete cubes.
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The mass of one of the concrete cubes is 1000 kg.
(a) State the weight of this concrete cube.
Give the unit.
(2)
(b) The density of this concrete cube is 2300 kg/m3.
(i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
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weight of concrete cube = .............................................. unit .........................
(ii) Calculate the volume of this concrete cube.
(2)
4
*P46802A0420*
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volume of concrete cube = .............................................. m3
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(c) The graph shows the volumes of 1000 kg of some other materials.
4.5
4
3.5
3
volume of
1000 kg
in m3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
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cork cardboard
ice
water wet sand granite
material
(i) State the type of graph shown.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give a reason why a line graph is not an appropriate way to display this data.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iii) Use information from the graph to compare the densities of cork and water.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)
*P46802A0520*
5
Turn over
3 The particles in the different states of matter behave differently.
(2)
state of matter
description of particles
solid
close together, moving about and
can slide past one another
liquid
far apart, moving quickly and at
random
gas
close together, vibrating about
fixed positions
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(a) Draw a straight line linking each state of matter with the description of its particles.
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6
*P46802A0620*
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(b) Ethyne is a substance that is a gas at room temperature.
At a temperature of –81qC, ethyne can exist as a solid, a liquid or a gas.
This temperature is called the triple point of ethyne.
(i) Complete the table by giving the missing temperatures.
(2)
Temperature in qC
Temperature in kelvin
room temperature
triple point of ethyne
291
–81
(ii) State what happens to the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules as the
temperature is lowered from room temperature to the triple point of ethyne.
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(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iii) State what happens to the volume of an ethyne molecule when the gas
changes to a solid at the triple point.
(1)
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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)
*P46802A0720*
7
Turn over
4 A car becomes electrically charged as it travels along a road.
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(a) (i) Explain how a moving car becomes electrically charged.
(2)
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(ii) Why does this charge remain on the car after it has stopped moving?
(1)
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8
*P46802A0820*
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(b) Some people prefer to prevent their car from becoming charged.
They do this by fixing a metal strap underneath the car.
The metal strap rubs on the ground as the car moves.
metal strap
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(i) Suggest why it is safer to have no electrical charge on a car.
(1)
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(ii) Explain how the metal strap prevents a car from becoming charged.
(2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)
*P46802A0920*
9
Turn over
5 A foghorn makes a loud, low-pitched warning sound when a ship is moving in fog.
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(a) What is the relationship between the frequency of a sound wave and the pitch of
the sound?
(1)
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(b) The foghorn emits sound waves with a frequency of 160 Hz.
The speed of sound is 340 m/s.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)
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(ii) Calculate the wavelength of these sound waves.
(2)
10
*P46802A01020*
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wavelength = .............................................. m
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(c) A student investigates how the speed of sound in air varies with temperature.
The student’s results are shown on the graph.
speed of sound
in m/s
345
340
335
330
325
–20 –15 –10
320
–5
0
5
10
15
20
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temperature in qC
(i) Draw a straight line of best fit on the graph.
(1)
(ii) Use the graph to find the speed of sound when the air temperature is 20 qC.
(2)
speed of sound = .............................................. m/s
(d) The air temperature decreases while the foghorn continues to emit sound waves
with a frequency of 160 Hz.
Explain how this decrease in temperature affects the wavelength of the sound
waves.
(2)
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(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)
*P46802A01120*
11
Turn over
6 A teacher investigates the half-life of a radioactive isotope that decays quickly.
Explain how this value should be used in the investigation.
(1)
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(b) Explain what is meant by the term half-life.
(2)
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(a) The teacher measures the background activity.
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12
*P46802A01220*
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(c) The graph shows how the activity of a sample of the radioactive isotope changes
with time.
2500
2000
1500
activity
in Bq
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1000
500
0
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
time in s
(i) Use the graph to find the half-life of the isotope.
(2)
half-life = .............................................. s
(ii) The teacher takes a new reading every 20 s.
Suggest why the teacher measures the activity so frequently.
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(1)
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(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)
*P46802A01320*
13
Turn over
7 (a) A direct current passes around a flat, circular coil as shown.
(3)
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to d.c. power supply
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On the diagram, sketch the magnetic field caused by the current in the coil.
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14
*P46802A01420*
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(b) The coil is suspended vertically so that it is free to swing.
A second, identical coil is placed beside it.
When direct currents pass, as shown,
the two coils move together.
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When the current in the
right-hand coil is reversed,
the two coils move apart.
Explain why the coils move in this way.
(3)
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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)
*P46802A01520*
15
Turn over
8 An electric vehicle has a rechargeable battery.
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The battery is recharged by connecting it to a charging station.
© Epattloamer
(a) The battery voltage is 385 V.
(i) State the amount of energy transferred when one coulomb of charge passes
through a potential difference of 385 V.
energy transferred = .............................................. J
(ii) Show that, when a charge of 180000 C passes through the battery, the total
amount of energy transferred to the battery is about 70 MJ.
(2)
Explain why the amount of energy transferred from the mains supply is more
than 70 MJ.
(2)
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16
*P46802A01620*
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(iii) During the charging process, energy is also transferred to the charging station
from the mains supply.
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(1)
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(b) Charging takes 110 minutes and causes a total charge of 180000 C to pass
through the battery.
(i) State the equation linking charge, current and time.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the average charging current in the battery.
(3)
(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)
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current = .............................................. A
*P46802A01720*
17
Turn over
9 Explain how the transmission of electrical power is made more efficient by using
step-up and step-down transformers.
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(5)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 9 = 5 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
18
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19
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
20
*P46802A02020*
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Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Science (Double Award) KSC0/4SC0
Paper: 1P
Thursday 12 January 2017 – Afternoon
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
KPH0/1P 4PH0/1P
KSC0/1P 4SC0/1P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator, protractor
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• centre
number and candidate number.
all questions.
• Answer
Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
• – there may
be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Show
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
• your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
• The
The
for each question are shown in brackets
• – usemarks
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write
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• Try toyour
answer
every question.
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•
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P48388A
©2017 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P48388A0128*
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f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2×π×r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
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1
time period
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frequency =
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p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
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pressure × volume = constant
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E=I×V×t
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energy transferred = current × voltage × time
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You may find the following equations useful.
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EQUATIONS
2
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Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 Doctors use ionising and non-ionising radiation in hospitals.
(a) The table lists some types of radiation.
Put a tick ( ) in each row of the table to show which types of radiation are
ionising and which are non-ionising.
One has been done for you.
(3)
Radiation
Ionising
alpha

Non-ionising
beta
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gamma
ultrasound
(b) Give two precautions that doctors should take when using ionising radiation.
(2)
1 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)
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(3)
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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
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(a) Describe how a millimetre scale and two set squares can be used to measure the
diameter of a marble.
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Each ball is known as a marble.
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2 Marbles is a game played with small balls of coloured glass.
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(b) Describe an experiment to find the density of a marble.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(5)
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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)
*P48388A0528*
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When a woodpecker is pulled back and released, it vibrates and moves down the rod.
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● the springs are identical
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● the woodpeckers have different masses
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● a metal rod passes through the wooden rings
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● each woodpecker is attached to a wooden ring by a spring
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● the toy has three woodpeckers
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3 A student investigates a toy.
C
woodpecker
A
B
start point
metal rod
● measure the mass of woodpecker A
● move woodpecker A to the start point and release it
● record the time it takes for woodpecker A to travel 20 cm
● repeat the test two more times
The student uses the same method for woodpeckers B and C.
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(a) A student uses this method to investigate the toy.
spring
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The table shows the student’s results.
Woodpecker
Mass
in g
A
Time in s
test 1
test 2
test 3
11.2
11.8
11.1
10.8
B
8.3
3.1
5.4
5.5
C
5.9
8.5
9.0
8.7
(i) One of the time measurements in the table is anomalous.
Draw a circle around this anomalous measurement.
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(ii) State the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time taken.
(iii) Calculate the average (mean) speed for woodpecker B.
(1)
(1)
(4)
average speed = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm/s
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(iv) Explain what type of graph the student should use to present his data.
(2)
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*P48388A0728*
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(3)
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Discuss whether the student’s results support his prediction.
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‘The smaller the mass of the woodpecker, the faster it moves down the rod.’
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(b) Before carrying out his investigation, the student made this prediction.
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(Total for Question 3 = 11 marks)
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4 The diagram shows the horizontal forces on a car travelling to the right along a level road.
air resistance
and friction
550 N
driving force
950 N
(a) How can you tell that the car is accelerating?
(1)
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) (i) State the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time.
(1)
(ii) The car accelerates for 6.0 s.
The velocity of the car increases from 15 m/s to 24 m/s.
Calculate the acceleration of the car.
(2)
acceleration = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s2
(c) Describe how the horizontal forces on the car change when the driver applies the brakes.
(2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)
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(4)
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(a) State four other pieces of equipment the student needs.
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● a diode
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● a long thin copper wire
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● a filament lamp
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● a short thick copper wire
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He investigates these components.
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5 A student sets up a circuit to investigate how the current in different components
varies with voltage.
1 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) During the investigation, the student keeps the two copper wires at a
constant temperature.
(i) Give a reason why he should keep the wires at a constant temperature.
(1)
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) Describe how he could keep the wires at a constant temperature.
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(2)
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(c) The student obtains a graph for each component.
Draw a straight line linking each component to its correct graph.
component
(3)
graph
I
short thick
copper wire
V
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I
filament lamp
V
I
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long thin
copper wire
V
I
diode
V
(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)
*P48388A01128*
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Electrical energy is changed into sound energy using ............................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Sound energy is changed into electrical energy using ........................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(2)
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Select a device from the box to complete each sentence.
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a microwave oven
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a microphone
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a loudspeaker
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an aerial
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6 (a) The box lists some devices that can be used to transfer energy from one form
into another.
(b) A radio station uses a short wavelength radio wave for broadcasting information.
The wavelength is 25 m.
The frequency is 12 000 kHz.
(i) State the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the speed of the short wavelength radio wave.
(3)
(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)
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speed = ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
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BLANK PAGE
*P48388A01328*
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current in A
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0.3
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0.4
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The graph shows the results from the data logger.
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The lamp is switched on and a data logger records the current.
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7 A filament lamp is connected to a battery.
0.2
0.1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
time in s
(a) Describe in detail how the current varies with time.
Refer to data from the graph in your answer.
(3)
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................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The battery has a voltage of 12 V.
The lamp reaches its normal operating temperature after a short while.
(i) State the current in the lamp when it is at its normal operating temperature.
(1)
current = ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
(ii) State the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
(iii) Calculate the resistance of the lamp at its normal operating temperature.
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Give the unit.
(4)
resistance = ............................................. unit ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) State the relationship between power, current and voltage.
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(v) Calculate the power of the lamp at its normal operating temperature.
(1)
(2)
power = ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W
(c) Suggest why a filament lamp is most likely to fail when it is first switched on.
(2)
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................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 14 marks)
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1.0
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1.5
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gravitational field strength
compared to Earth
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2.0
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2.5
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The bar chart shows the gravitational field strength of each planet compared to Earth.
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(a) Planets in the solar system have different sizes and masses.
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8 This question is about planets in the solar system.
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Mars
Earth
Venus
0
Mercury
0.5
(i) Which of these statements is correct?
(1)
A A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Venus than on Neptune
B A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Earth than on Uranus
C A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Mercury than on Saturn
D A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Mars than on Jupiter
(ii) On Earth, the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.
Which of these is the value for the gravitational field strength on Mars?
0.04 N/kg
B
0.4 N/kg
C
4 N/kg
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A
D 25 N/kg
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(b) Deimos is a natural satellite of Mars.
Deimos has an orbital time period of 1820 minutes and an orbital speed of 1350 m/s.
(i) Calculate the orbital radius of Deimos.
(4)
orbital radius = ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
(ii) The diagram shows Deimos in orbit around Mars.
B
Mars
A
C
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D
Which arrow shows the direction of the force of gravity that Mars exerts on Deimos?
(1)
A
B
C
D
(Total for Question 8 = 7 marks)
*P48388A01728*
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generator
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lower lake
turbine
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direction of
water flow
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pylon
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transformer
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tunnel
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upper lake
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Water flows down the tunnel and turns a large turbine.
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9 The diagram shows a hydroelectric power station.
(a) What type of energy decreases when the water flows from the upper lake to the turbine?
(1)
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(b) Describe how the turbine and generator produce electricity.
(3)
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Suggest why it is important that the turbine turns at constant speed.
(1)
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................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(d) This is a Sankey diagram for the power station.
useful output
energy
input
energy
waste
energy 2
waste
energy 1
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(i) State the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output and
total energy input.
Not to scale
(1)
(ii) The efficiency of the power station is 36%.
The total energy input is 1050 kJ.
Calculate the total wasted energy in kJ.
(4)
total wasted energy = ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kJ
(iii) Name two forms of wasted energy in this power station.
(2)
1 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 9 = 12 marks)
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piston handle
When the piston handle is pulled, air moves past the flexible rubber disc into space S.
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cylinder
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flexible rubber disc
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space S
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to tyre
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pull
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push
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valve
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10 (a) The diagram shows the construction of a bicycle pump.
When the piston handle is pushed, the flexible rubber disc presses against the
sides of the cylinder so no air can pass the disc in either direction.
(i) When the volume of space S is 80 cm3, the air in space S has a pressure of 1.01 × 105 Pa.
The valve is sealed so no air can escape from the pump.
Calculate the pressure inside space S when the piston handle is pushed in and
the volume decreases to 10 cm3.
(3)
pressure = ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pa
(ii) State an assumption you have made about the air in space S.
(1)
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(iii) When the bicycle pump is used to inflate a tyre, the pump becomes hot.
Suggest why the pump becomes hot.
(2)
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................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The photograph shows a woman using a pump to lift water from a well.
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(i) State the relationship between work done, force and distance moved.
(ii) Calculate the work done in lifting 1.25 kg of water a distance of 8.70 m.
(1)
(3)
work done = .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
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(Total for Question 10 = 10 marks)
*P48388A02128*
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A
B
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F
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The diagram shows two parallel rays of light, AB and FG, from a distant bird, incident
on a right-angled prism.
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Many binoculars use right-angled prisms.
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binoculars
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11 Binoculars are used to look at distant objects.
E
G
D
C
(a) (i) On the diagram, draw the normal at G.
(1)
(ii) Measure the angle of incidence at G and the angle of refraction at D.
(2)
angle of incidence at G = ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
angle of refraction at D = ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) Explain what happens to the light ray at C.
(3)
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................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Complete the diagram by drawing the path that light ray FG takes through the prism.
(3)
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(Total for Question 11 = 9 marks)
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reactor vessel
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moderator
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coolant out
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control rod
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shielding
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12 The diagram shows the main parts of a nuclear reactor.
fuel rod
coolant in
(a) Draw a straight line linking each part of the reactor to its correct purpose.
part of reactor
(4)
purpose
absorbs neutrons
control rod
coolant
moderator
keeps radioactive material
inside the reactor
slows the neutrons
reactor vessel
contains uranium
24
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fuel rod
transfers thermal energy
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(b) Which of these is a nuclear fission product?
(1)
A alpha particles
B electrons
C neutrons
D uranium nuclei
(c) Describe the process of nuclear fission.
(4)
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(d) State three ways in which nuclear fission differs from radioactive decay.
(3)
1 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 12 = 12 marks)
*P48388A02528*
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lid
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metal container
painted black
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shiny
metal container
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B
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A
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13 A student uses four containers, A, B, C and D, to investigate heat transfer.
cotton
wool
C
D
wide shiny
metal container
metal container
wrapped in cotton wool
The student places boiling water into each of the four containers.
She then records how the temperature of the water in each container varies with time.
(a) How could the student make sure that the investigation is a fair test?
(2)
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(b) (i) Explain which container loses the most thermal energy by radiation.
(2)
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(ii) Explain which container loses the most thermal energy by convection.
(2)
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(c) After 20 minutes, container D has the highest temperature.
Explain why container D remains hot for the longest time.
Refer to three methods of thermal energy transfer in your answer.
(4)
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(Total for Question 13 = 10 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P48388A02728*
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BLANK PAGE
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
28
*P48388A02828*
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Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Centre Number
Pearson Edexcel Certificate
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: KPH0/4PH0
Paper: 2P
Thursday 19 January 2017 – Afternoon
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
KPH0/2P
4PH0/2P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• centre
number and candidate number.
all questions.
• Answer
Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
• – there may
be more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Show
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change
• your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 60.
• The
The
for each question are shown in brackets
• – usemarks
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Read
your answers neatly and in good English.
• Write
Try
to
every question.
• Checkanswer
• your answers if you have time at the end.
P48394A
©2017 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/
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f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
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1
time period
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frequency =
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p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
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pressure × volume = constant
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E=I×V×t
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energy transferred = current × voltage × time
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You may find the following equations useful.
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EQUATIONS
2
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Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The table gives some properties of different types of radiation.
Type of radiation
Nature
alpha (α)
helium nucleus
Relative charge
high
beta (β)
gamma (γ)
Ionising ability
electromagnetic wave
–1
medium
0
low
(i) Complete the table by giving the two missing properties.
(2)
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(ii) Which type of radiation from the table has the lowest penetrating power?
(1)
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(iii) Which types of radiation from the table can be completely absorbed by 5 mm
of aluminium?
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(1)
and ................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon.
It decays by beta emission to form an isotope of nitrogen.
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Complete the nuclear equation for the decay of carbon-14.
(2)
14
C
N
β
+
6
–1
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
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2 (a) State the principle of moments.
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(b) A student uses the principle of moments to find the weight of a rock.
This is the student’s method.
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(2)
● he balances a metre rule at its mid-point on a pivot
● he hangs a beaker from the 40 cm mark on the rule
● he places the rock in the beaker
● he then hangs a 0.2 N plastic strip from the rule on the other side of the pivot
● he adjusts the position of the plastic strip until the rule balances
metre rule
rock and beaker
at 40 cm
pivot at 50 cm
0.2 N plastic
strip at 80 cm
(2)
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(i) Describe how the student could use an electronic balance to check that the
plastic strip weighs 0.2 N.
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(ii) Suggest how the student could improve the precision of one of his measurements.
(1)
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(iii) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)
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(iv) Use the principle of moments to calculate the force acting on the metre rule
at the 40 cm mark.
force =
(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(v) Suggest a reason why the weight of the rock will be different from your
calculated force.
N
(1)
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(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)
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y direction: 1 square = 1 V
x direction: 1 square = 0.01 s
(i) Calculate the frequency of this sound wave.
(3)
(ii) On the diagram, draw the signal for a quieter sound wave of a higher pitch.
(2)
(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)
*P48394A0616*
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frequency = .................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz
6
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oscilloscope settings:
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(b) A student uses a microphone and an oscilloscope to display a sound wave.
The diagram shows the trace on the oscilloscope screen.
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D sound waves transmit energy
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C sound waves can be diffracted
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B sound waves are transverse
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A sound waves can be refracted
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(1)
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3 (a) Which of these statements about sound waves is not correct?
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4 A student investigates how adding insulation to a beaker of hot water changes the rate
at which the water cools down.
(a) The student writes this plan for her investigation.
I will use five beakers of the same size.
I will wrap each beaker with a different number of layers of the same
type of insulation.
3
I will pour 300 cm of boiling water into each beaker and wait until the
temperature of the water falls to 85 °C.
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I will then start a timer and record the final temperature of the water
after 15 minutes.
(i) State the independent variable in the student’s investigation.
(1)
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(ii) State the dependent variable in the student’s investigation.
(1)
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38
2
35
3
35
4
35
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1
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42
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43
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0
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Temperature
difference in °C
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Final temperature
in °C
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Number of layers
of insulation
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(b) The table shows the student’s results.
(i) Complete the table by calculating the final temperatures.
The first one has been done for you.
(ii) Draw a bar chart to show the relationship between number of layers of
insulation and temperature difference.
(2)
(4)
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(iii) Describe the relationship between the number of layers of insulation and the
temperature difference.
(2)
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(iv) Suggest how the student could improve the reliability of her results.
(1)
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(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)
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(a) The halogen lamp has a power of 50 W when operating at its normal voltage.
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5 The photograph shows a halogen lamp.
Calculate the amount of electrical energy transferred to the halogen lamp in 40 hours.
(3)
electrical energy transferred = ........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
(b) A student notices that in addition to producing light, the lamp also gets hot.
She concludes that the lamp cannot be 100% efficient.
Explain whether the student’s conclusion is correct.
(2)
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10
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(c) The lamp must not be connected directly to mains voltage.
A step-down transformer must be used.
Describe the structure of a step-down transformer.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)
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(d) A step-down transformer reduces voltage from 230 V to 12 V.
The secondary current is 4.2 A.
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(i) State the equation linking input power and output power for a transformer.
[assume that the transformer is 100% efficient]
(ii) Calculate the primary current.
(1)
(3)
primary current = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
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6 (a) Which of these quantities is a scalar?
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(b) The diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on a van at a particular instant,
as it accelerates.
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D velocity
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C force
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B energy
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A acceleration
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(1)
air resistance
and friction
1250 N
driving force
8000 N
(i) Calculate the resultant horizontal force acting on the van.
(1)
resultant force = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N
(ii) State the equation linking resultant force, mass and acceleration.
(1)
(iii) The mass of the van is 2500 kg.
Calculate the acceleration of the van.
(3)
acceleration = ................................................................. unit .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
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Give the unit.
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70
–
60
–
30 40 50
time in s
–
–
20
–
10
–
–
0–
0
–
velocity
–
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(c) The graph shows how the velocity of a van changes with time.
80
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Explain the shape of the graph.
Use ideas about forces in your answer.
(5)
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(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)
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C newtons per metre (N/m)
D newtons per square metre (N/m2)
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B joules per square metre (J/m2)
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A joules per metre (J/m)
(1)
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Which of these is equivalent to pascals (Pa)?
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(a) The pressure sensor measures pressure in pascals (Pa).
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flask containing air
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temperature sensor
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pressure sensor
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7 A student uses a pressure sensor to measure the pressure of air in a sealed flask.
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(b) The student places the flask in a beaker containing hot water.
beaker containing
hot water
The pressure of the air in the flask increases.
Explain why the pressure of the air in the flask increases.
Use ideas about molecules in your answer.
(3)
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(Total for Question 7 = 4 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
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16
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
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BLANK PAGE
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Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Science (Double Award) 4SC0
Paper: 1P
Thursday 11 January 2018 – Afternoon
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
4PH0/1P
4SC0/1P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator, protractor
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• centre
number and candidate number.
Answer
• Answer allthequestions.
in the spaces provided
• – there may bequestions
more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Show
Some
questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
• mind about
an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
• The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Read
Write
answers neatly and in good English.
• Try toyour
every question.
• Checkanswer
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P52987A
©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P52987A0128*
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P52987A0228*
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work done
time taken
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power =
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E=I× V × t
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energy transferred = current × voltage × time
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You may find the following equations useful.
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EQUATIONS
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Answer ALL questions.
1 The photograph shows solar cells on the roof of a house.
(a) State the energy transfer taking place in the solar cells.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The solar cells generate a current of 2.3 A.
(i) State the equation linking charge, current and time.
(ii) Calculate the charge transferred by the solar cells in 15 seconds.
(1)
(2)
charge transferred = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . C
(c) The solar cells are wired in parallel.
Suggest why the solar cells are not connected in series.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
*P52987A0328*
3
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Complete the diagram by adding another labelled force arrow.
(2)
(b) The graph shows a 60-second journey made by the bee.
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© Friends of the Honey Bee
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lift
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(a) The photograph shows a bee accelerating vertically upwards.
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2 This question is about a small flying insect called a bee.
During this time, the bee stops at some flowers to feed.
30 –
distance
in m
D
20 –
C
B
10 –
A
–
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–
–
–
–
–
0–
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time in s
4
*P52987A0428*
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(i) Which stage of the graph shows the bee stopping at a flower for the shortest
period of time?
A
B
C
D
(ii) Which stage of the graph shows the bee moving at the fastest speed?
A
B
C
(1)
(1)
D
(iii) State the equation linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.
(iv) Calculate the average speed of the bee during the first 35 seconds of its journey.
(2)
(1)
average speed = ............................................. . . m/s
(c) Ultraviolet waves are used by bees to identify markings on flowers.
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(i) State another use of ultraviolet waves.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State a similarity and a difference between ultraviolet waves and visible light waves.
(2)
similarity. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
difference..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)
*P52987A0528*
5
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State three factors that could have affected the stopping distance of the car.
(3)
1 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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The car stops without hitting the obstacle.
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3 The driver of a car sees an obstacle in the road and stops the car as quickly as possible.
3 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*P52987A0628*
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6
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(Total for Question 3 = 3 marks)
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4 A student needs to find the mass of a large steel bolt but does not have access to a balance.
The student knows the density of steel.
Describe how he can accurately find the mass of the bolt using its density.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(5)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 4 = 5 marks)
*P52987A0728*
7
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roof
50%
windows
20%
walls
25%
doors
5%
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5 The diagram shows the percentages of thermal energy lost from a house.
thermal energy lost through walls = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . J
(b) State how to reduce the amount of thermal energy lost through the windows.
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(3)
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Calculate the amount of thermal energy lost through the walls in one week.
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(a) The house loses a total amount of 1.2 × 107 J of thermal energy each day.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
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(c) The roof could be insulated with fibreglass wool, which contains lots of trapped air.
Explain how this insulation reduces the amount of thermal energy lost from the roof.
(4)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) The house is heated with a gas boiler that is 75% efficient.
Chemical energy in the gas is transferred to thermal energy by burning.
Some of the thermal energy is useful.
Some of the thermal energy is wasted.
Draw a Sankey diagram for this energy transfer.
(3)
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(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)
*P52987A0928*
9
Turn over
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6 The diagram shows a chair with a weight of 370 N.
Each leg has an area of 5.2 cm2 in contact with the floor.
(i) State the equation relating pressure, force and area.
(ii) Calculate the pressure exerted on the floor by each leg.
Give a suitable unit.
(1)
(4)
pressure = ............................................... unit ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
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(b) The chair has four legs.
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(1)
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(a) Draw an X on the diagram to show the centre of gravity of the chair.
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370 N
*P52987A01028*
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(c) A manufacturer supplies plastic cups that are placed under the legs of the chair.
chair leg
plastic cup
The manufacturer claims that using the cups will reduce the risk of damage to the floor.
Evaluate the manufacturer’s claim.
(3)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 6 = 9 marks)
*P52987A01128*
11
Turn over
30 cm
40 cm
(ii) Calculate the force required to produce a moment of 4.8 N m.
(4)
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(i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)
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not to scale
m
50 c
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Force
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7 (a) The diagram shows how a mechanic applies a force on a spanner to try to undo a bolt.
force = ....................................... . . . . . . . . N
(b) The mechanic is not able to undo the bolt because a moment of 9.6 N m is needed.
Explain how the mechanic could produce a moment of 9.6 N m.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 7 marks)
12
*P52987A01228*
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8 The diagram shows a ray of light incident on a plane mirror.
object
(a) Complete the diagram to show how an image of the object is formed in the plane mirror.
(4)
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(b) State the name of the type of image formed.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 8 = 5 marks)
*P52987A01328*
13
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The graph shows her results.
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pressure
in kPa
150
100
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9 (a) A student investigates how the pressure of a fixed volume of gas changes with temperature.
–
–
–
–100
–50
0
50
100
150
(i) Extend the line of best fit to find the temperature of the gas when the pressure
is zero kPa.
(2)
temperature = ......................................... . . . . . . °C
(ii) State what happens to the average speed of the gas molecules when the
temperature of the gas is increased.
(1)
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temperature in °C
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–
–150
–
–
–200
–
–
–250
–
–
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(b) The student then investigates how the pressure of a gas changes with volume.
(i) State two variables that she should control in this investigation.
(2)
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2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P52987A01428*
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(ii) Describe the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its volume.
You may sketch a graph to help your answer.
(3)
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(Total for Question 9 = 8 marks)
*P52987A01528*
15
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2 .. ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) An astronaut drops a hammer on the Moon.
(i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.
(ii) The gravitational field strength (g) on the Moon is 1.6 N/kg.
The mass of the hammer is 750 grams. The hammer loses 2.2 J of gravitational
potential energy when it falls.
Show that the hammer falls through a height of about 2 m.
16
*P52987A01628*
(1)
(3)
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hammer
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(2)
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10 (a) Describe two differences between the orbits of comets and moons.
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(iii) The astronaut then lifts the hammer back to its original height.
State the amount of work done in lifting the hammer.
(1)
work done = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
(iv) Explain why the astronaut would have to do more work to lift the same hammer
through the same height on Earth.
(3)
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(c) Another astronaut is stationed in the International Space Station (ISS).
The ISS orbits the Earth with an orbital radius of 6780 km and an orbital speed of 7.66 km/s.
Calculate the number of orbits the ISS makes in one day.
(4)
number of orbits = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 10 = 14 marks)
*P52987A01728*
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(3)
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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
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(a) Describe how the student could investigate the shape and direction of the magnetic field
around a single bar magnet.
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11 A student investigates the magnetic fields produced by bar magnets.
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18
*P52987A01828*
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(b) The student puts opposite poles of two strong bar magnets near each other.
The diagram shows part of the magnetic field produced.
Only a small part of each magnet is shown.
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N
S
Explain why the diagram shows that the magnetic field is uniform.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P52987A01928*
19
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He then moves the piece of wire through the magnetic field between the magnets.
(i) Explain why the ammeter displays a small current when the wire is moved
between the magnets.
(2)
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(c) The student connects the ends of a piece of wire to a sensitive ammeter.
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(ii) State two ways that the student could increase the current using the same wire.
(2)
(Total for Question 11 = 9 marks)
20
*P52987A02028*
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12 The diagram shows the path of a pollen grain moving on the surface of water.
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Explain why the motion of the pollen grain shows that water is made of tiny particles.
(3)
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(Total for Question 12 = 3 marks)
*P52987A02128*
21
Turn over
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He uses this method.
● place detector 4 cm from the source
● use the detector to measure the count for one minute
● repeat for all three radioactive sources
The teacher then measures the count for each source again, using paper, aluminium
and lead as absorbing materials between the source and the detector.
(a) Name two pieces of equipment that the teacher would need to use in order to
measure the count in this investigation.
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13 A teacher investigates the types of radiation emitted by three radioactive sources.
He does this by measuring the amount of radiation (the count) received by a detector.
(2)
1 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Count with
aluminium
Count with
lead
Source 1
654
652
649
30
Source 2
818
820
29
31
Source 3
6980
2807
32
33
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Count with
paper
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Count with
no absorber
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(b) Table 1 shows the results of the teacher’s investigation.
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Table 1
(i) Complete Table 2 by ticking (P) boxes to show which types of radiation are
emitted by each source.
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Source 1
Source 2
Source 3
Table 2
22
*P52987A02228*
(4)
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(ii) Suggest why there is a count for each source, even when lead is used as an
absorbing material.
(1)
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(c) Another radioactive source, X, has a half-life of 6 days.
(i) State what is meant by the term half-life.
(2)
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(ii) The initial count for source X is 780 counts per minute.
Estimate how many days it will take for the counts per minute for source X
to fall below 100.
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............................................ . .
(3)
days
(Total for Question 13 = 12 marks)
*P52987A02328*
23
Turn over
A
(1)
B
C
D
(b) A student uses a thermistor as a device for measuring temperature.
The student uses this apparatus to record how the resistance of the thermistor
changes with temperature.
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(a) Which is the correct circuit symbol for a thermistor?
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14 A thermistor is a device used in electric circuits.
He records the resistance of the thermistor every 5 °C as the water cools.
The table shows some of his results.
24
Temperature
in °C
Resistance
in Ω
60
150
55
200
50
280
30
690
25
840
20
1060
*P52987A02428*
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hot water
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thermometer
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thermistor
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wires to
thermistor circuit
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(i) State the independent and dependent variables in his investigation.
(2)
independent variable .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dependent variable .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Plot a graph of the student’s results on the grid.
(iii) Draw a curve of best fit.
(iv) Use your graph to estimate the resistance of the thermistor when the
temperature is 40 °C.
(4)
(1)
(1)
resistance = ....................................... . . . . . . . . Ω
*P52987A02528*
25
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(v) Suggest three improvements for his investigation.
(3)
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 .. ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(ii) Calculate the current in the circuit.
(1)
(2)
current = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . A
26
*P52987A02628*
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The resistance of the thermistor is 1060 Ω.
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(c) The thermistor is taken out of the water and connected in a series circuit with a 6.10 V cell.
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(iii) Explain what will happen to the current in the circuit when the temperature of
the thermistor increases.
(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 14 = 18 marks)
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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P52987A02728*
27
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BLANK PAGE
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
28
*P52987A02828*
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2P
Thursday 18 January 2018 – Afternoon
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
4PH0/2P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• centre
number and candidate number.
all questions.
• Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
• Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
total mark for this paper is 60.
• The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Read
your answers neatly and in good English.
• Write
to answer every question.
• Try
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P53282A
©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P53282A0120*
pressure × volume = constant
p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m / s2.
2
*P53282A0220*
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work done
time taken
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power =
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E=I×V×t
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energy transferred = current × voltage × time
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You may find the following equations useful.
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EQUATIONS
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Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The table lists some energy sources.
Put ticks in boxes to show which energy sources are non-renewable.
(3)
Energy source
Tick
wind
oil
coal
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geothermal
bio-gas
nuclear
(b) Give an advantage and a disadvantage of using fossil fuels to generate electricity.
(2)
advantage
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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disadvantage
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)
*P53282A0320*
3
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2 (a) (i) State the relationship between power, current and voltage.
*P53282A0420*
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4
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current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
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(3)
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Calculate the current in the lamp.
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(ii) A lamp with a power of 6.5 W is connected to a 230 V supply.
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(1)
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(b) Three switches, S1, S2 and S3, are used to control a lamp in a large room.
Each switch can be up or down, and each switch can turn the lamp on or off.
230 V a.c.
S2 up
S1 up
S3 up
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230 V a.c.
S2 down
S1 down
S3 down
When all three switches are up, the lamp is on.
When all three switches are down, the lamp is off.
Complete the table by giving the missing information.
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(3)
S1
S2
S3
Lamp
up
up
up
on
down
down
down
off
up
up
down
down
up
up
off
down
on
(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)
*P53282A0520*
5
Turn over
The student keeps the wavelength constant but varies the size of the gap in the barrier.
Complete the diagrams to show what happens to the plane waves as they go through the
different sized gaps in the barrier.
(3)
6
*P53282A0620*
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These waves hit a barrier with a gap in it.
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The ripple tank produces plane waves.
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water tray
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barrier
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(a) He uses this ripple tank to investigate diffraction.
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3 A student investigates different properties of waves.
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(b) The student removes the barrier and investigates what happens when the plane wave
travels into a shallow part of the ripple tank.
(i) State the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave.
(1)
(ii) Waves in the deep part of the ripple tank have a speed of 6.0 cm/s and
a wavelength of 4.0 cm.
Waves in the shallow part of the ripple tank have a speed of 4.0 cm/s.
The frequency of the waves stays the same.
Show that the wavelength in the shallow part of the ripple tank is
approximately 3 cm.
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(3)
(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)
*P53282A0720*
7
Turn over
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The diagram shows ball A moving in the direction shown by the arrow.
Ball A collides with ball B, a stationary ball of the same mass and size as ball A.
10 m/s
ball A
ball B
(a) State the principle of conservation of momentum.
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4 This question is about collisions.
(1)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Calculate the velocity of ball A after the collision.
[mass of each ball = 0.16 kg]
(3)
velocity of ball A = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
8
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Ɣ ball A continues to move in the same direction, but at a lower velocity
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Ɣ after the collision, ball B moves in the same direction as ball A with a velocity of 8 m/s
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Ɣ before the collision, ball A moves with a velocity of 10 m/s
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(b) Ball A collides with ball B.
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(c) During the collision some kinetic energy is lost.
Calculate the kinetic energy lost in the collision.
[kinetic energy =
1
× mass × velocity2 ]
2
(3)
kinetic energy lost = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J
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(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)
*P53282A0920*
9
Turn over
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*P53282A01020*
10
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5 A teacher demonstrates the effect of air pressure.
(a) The teacher inflates a balloon and places it inside a bell jar.
He fixes the bell jar firmly to a bench.
He then uses a pump to remove some of the air from the bell jar.
The balloon increases in size.
to pump
bell jar
to pump
balloon
before removing air
bell jar
after removing air
Explain, in terms of kinetic theory of particles, why the balloon increases in size.
(4)
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*P53282A01120*
11
Turn over
bung
beaker
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water level in tube
narrow tube
trapped air
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(b) The teacher then sets up this apparatus.
coloured water
He uses a bung fitted with a narrow tube, and a beaker containing some coloured water.
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(i) Explain what would happen to the pressure of the trapped air if the bung is pushed
further into the beaker.
(2)
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He pushes the bung into the beaker trapping some air. Water rises up the narrow tube.
(ii) Explain what would happen to the water level in the narrow tube if the bung
is pushed further into the beaker.
(2)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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12
*P53282A01220*
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(iii) Explain what would happen to the water level in the narrow tube if the
pressure of the air outside the beaker increases.
(2)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)
*P53282A01320*
13
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20 cm
8 cm
N
S
wooden rod
pivot
weight
holder
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6 A student uses this apparatus to investigate how the strength of the magnetic field in
a current-carrying coil varies as the current changes.
Ɣ attach a weight holder to the other end of the rod
Ɣ place a current-carrying coil underneath the magnet
(a) A weight of 0.1 N is needed to balance the rod when the current in the coil is zero.
Calculate the weight of the magnet.
[ignore weight of rod and weight holder]
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Ɣ place the rod on a pivot that is 8 cm from the magnet
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Ɣ attach a small magnet to one end of a wooden rod
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This is the student’s method.
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to power supply
(3)
weight of magnet = . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N
14
*P53282A01420*
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(b) The student increases the current and observes that the rod rotates anticlockwise
and the magnet moves towards the coil.
Explain this observation.
(3)
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.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
*P53282A01520*
15
Turn over
Current
in A
Total weight added
in N
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
2.1
0.7
2.5
0.9
3.7
1.1
4.5
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The table shows her results.
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(c) The student adds weights to balance the rod for different currents.
16
*P53282A01620*
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(1)
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(ii) Draw a straight line of best fit.
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(i) Plot a graph of the student’s results, with the independent variable on the x-axis.
(4)
(iii) Suggest why the student should repeat the reading for a current of 0.7 A.
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(2)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Describe the relationship between the current and the force produced by the
magnetic field.
(2)
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.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(v) Estimate the weight needed to balance the rod when the current is 2 A.
(2)
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weight needed = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N
(Total for Question 6 = 17 marks)
*P53282A01720*
17
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(1)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) The student uses a dropper to produce drops of the solution.
There are 2000 drops in 10 cm3 of the solution.
Calculate the volume of 1 drop.
(1)
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(a) (i) Name an instrument that the student could use to accurately measure 10 cm3
of the solution.
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7 A student uses a solution of solvent and oil to estimate the length of an oil molecule.
volume of 1 drop = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3
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dropper
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She measures the diameter of the oil film that forms.
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(b) The student adds a drop of the solution to a tray of water.
diameter
of oil film
The student measures the diameter of the oil film several times.
The table shows her results.
Diameter in mm
18
305
301
297
298
*P53282A01820*
303
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(i) Calculate the average (mean) diameter of the oil film.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
(2)
average diameter = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
(ii) When the drop touches the water, the solvent evaporates and an oil film forms
with thickness equal to the length of one oil molecule.
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The volume of the oil film is 1.0 mm3.
The thickness of the oil film can be found using the formula
volume = ʌ r2t
[r = radius of film, t = thickness of film]
Calculate the length of one oil molecule.
(3)
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length = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
(Total for Question 7 = 7 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
*P53282A01920*
19
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BLANK PAGE
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
20
*P53282A02020*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname
Other names
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Thursday 10 January 2019
Afternoon (Time: 2 hours)
Paper Reference 4PH0/1P 4SC0/1P
Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Science (Double Award) 4SC0
Paper: 1P
You must have:
Ruler, calculator, protractor
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• centre
number and candidate number.
Answer
• Answer allthequestions.
in the spaces provided
• – there may bequestions
more space than you need.
all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Show
Some
questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your
• mind about
an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross
.
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
• The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Read
Write
answers neatly and in good English.
• Try toyour
every question.
• Checkanswer
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P61936A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P61936A0132*
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2×π×r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
2
*P61936A0232*
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work done
time taken
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power =
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E=I×V×t
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energy transferred = current × voltage × time
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You may find the following equations useful.
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EQUATIONS
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Answer ALL questions.
1 This question is about waves.
(a) The diagram represents a water wave at an instant in time.
4
height
in cm
2
0
–2
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
–4
distance in m
(i) What is the wavelength of the water wave?
A 0.5 m
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2.5
(1)
B 1.0 m
C 1.5 m
D 2.0 m
(ii) What is the amplitude of the water wave?
A 1 cm
(1)
B 2 cm
C 4 cm
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D 8 cm
*P61936A0332*
3
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You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)
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(b) Describe the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves.
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(c) All electromagnetic waves are transverse.
State two other properties that are the same for all electromagnetic waves.
(2)
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2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4
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(d) Some types of wave are used in hospitals.
(i) Which type of wave is used in radiotherapy to treat cancer?
(1)
A gamma rays
B infrared
C microwave
D radio waves
(ii) Endoscopes use optical fibres to see inside the body.
Which type of wave should be used in the optical fibres?
A microwave
(1)
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B radio waves
C ultraviolet
D visible light
(iii) X‑rays are used to obtain images of broken bones.
Explain why technicians leave the room before taking an x‑ray of a patient.
(2)
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(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)
*P61936A0532*
5
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C
D
(i) Which symbol represents a light dependent resistor (LDR)?
A
(1)
D
(ii) Which symbol represents a fixed resistor?
A
B
(1)
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C
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B
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B
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A
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(a) The diagram shows some electrical circuit symbols.
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2 This question is about electricity.
C
D
6
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(b) An electric heater connected to the mains supply has a power of 2200 W.
(i) State the equation linking power, current and voltage.
(ii) Show that the current in the electric heater is approximately 10 A.
[mains supply voltage = 230 V]
(iii) Which of these fuses should be used with the electric heater?
A 3 A
(1)
(2)
(1)
B 5 A
C 7 A
D 13 A
(iv) Explain how the fuse protects the electric heater when the current in the
electric heater is too high.
(2)
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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)
*P61936A0732*
7
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*P61936A0832*
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8
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(2)
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(a) Complete the diagram by labelling the poles on the bar magnets.
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Only one end of each bar magnet is shown.
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3 The diagram shows the magnetic field between the poles of two bar magnets.
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(b) A student investigates the magnetic field between the poles of the two bar magnets.
Describe an experiment that he could do to determine the shape and direction of
this magnetic field.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)
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(Total for Question 3 = 5 marks)
*P61936A0932*
9
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(a) Photograph A shows a pile of identical metal squares on a table.
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4 This question is about pressure and density.
The weight of each metal square is 0.072 N.
The pressure exerted on the table by the pile of metal squares is 820 Pa.
(i) State the equation linking pressure, force and area.
(ii) Calculate the area of the table in contact with the metal squares.
(1)
(3)
area = ......................................................... . . . . . m2
10
*P61936A01032*
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There are 6 metal squares in the pile.
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Photograph A
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(b) Photograph B shows the 6 metal squares spread out on the table.
Photograph B
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(i) Explain how spreading out the metal squares affects the pressure they exert on the table.
(2)
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(ii) Explain whether spreading out the metal squares affects the density of the
material they are made from.
(2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)
*P61936A01132*
11
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(a) Diagram A shows a motor lifting a 780 g mass.
voltage
supply
motor
ammeter
ruler
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5 This question is about electric motors.
(i) Calculate the time taken for the motor to lift the mass.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
(3)
time = .................................................... . . . . . . . . . . s
12
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The electrical energy transferred to the motor is 25 J.
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The current in the motor is 0.65 A and the voltage across it is 4.5 V.
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Diagram A
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mass
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(ii) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy (GPE), mass, g and height.
(1)
(iii) The mass gains 5.0 J of gravitational potential energy when it is lifted.
Calculate the height the mass is lifted.
(3)
height = ....................................................... . . . . . . . m
(iv) Explain why the amount of electrical energy transferred to the motor is greater than
the amount of GPE gained by the mass.
(2)
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*P61936A01332*
13
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coil
magnet
magnet
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(b) Diagram B shows a different electric motor.
current
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(4)
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Explain how the current in the motor causes the coil to rotate.
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Diagram B
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 5 = 13 marks)
14
*P61936A01432*
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6 A student investigates the motion of different falling masses by measuring the time
taken for a toy parachute to fall from a window.
basket for adding
additional mass
This is the student’s method.
● measure the mass of the toy parachute
● drop the toy parachute from the window
● repeat the experiment with additional mass added to the toy parachute
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● continue to add mass up to a maximum of six different masses
(a) Describe how the student should measure the time taken for the toy parachute to
fall from the window.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) State the independent and dependent variables in this investigation.
(2)
independent variable.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dependent variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) State one factor that the student should keep constant in order to make his
investigation valid (a fair test).
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P61936A01532*
15
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Trial 3
Average
(mean)
20
1.72
1.67
1.65
1.68
40
1.23
1.30
1.25
1.26
60
1.11
1.16
1.06
1.11
80
0.99
0.97
1.01
0.99
100
0.95
0.92
0.92
0.93
120
0.90
0.88
0.85
(i) Complete the table by calculating the average time for a mass of 120 g.
*P61936A01632*
(2)
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Trial 2
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Trial 1
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16
Time taken in s
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Mass
in g
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(d) The table shows the student’s results.
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(ii) On the grid, plot a graph of the average time taken for each mass.
(iii) Draw the curve of best fit.
*P61936A01732*
(4)
(1)
17
Turn over
(i) The arrows in the diagrams show the size and direction of the forces acting on
the toy parachute at different points during its fall.
Label the forces on the last diagram.
(2)
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(e) The student notices that the toy parachute accelerates and then falls at constant
speed.
at the start
(ii) Explain why the toy parachute accelerates and then falls at a constant speed.
(3)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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near the bottom
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.................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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part of the way down
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 6 = 17 marks)
18
*P61936A01832*
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7 The photograph shows a toy train as it moves around a circular track.
A student wants to find the average speed of the toy train.
Describe a method that the student could use to find the average speed.
(5)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 5 marks)
*P61936A01932*
19
Turn over
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(i) State the equation linking unbalanced force, mass and acceleration.
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the child and sledge.
(1)
(2)
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The unbalanced force acting on the sledge is 49 N.
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The mass of the child and sledge is 45 kg.
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8 (a) The diagram shows a man pulling a child on a sledge.
acceleration = .............................................................. m/s2
(iii) Suggest a reason why the man must pull the sledge with a force that is
greater than 49 N.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
*P61936A02032*
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(b) The sledge is then placed at the top of a hill.
When it slides down the hill, it accelerates at 1.3 m/s2.
The sledge accelerates from rest for 2.4 s.
(i) State the equation linking acceleration, velocity and time.
(ii) Show that the sledge reaches a speed of approximately 3 m/s after it has
accelerated for 2.4 s.
*P61936A02132*
(1)
(2)
21
Turn over
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A
B
velocity
0
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(c) This velocity‑time graph shows the motion of another sledge.
C
0
(ii) Describe the motion of the sledge during the journey shown by the
velocity‑time graph.
(3)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(i) Which feature of the velocity‑time graph shows the distance travelled by the sledge?
(1)
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time
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 8 = 11 marks)
22
*P61936A02232*
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BLANK PAGE
Turn over
*P61936A02332*
23
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) (i) State two sources of background radiation.
(2)
1.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(a) Name an instrument the teacher should use to detect the radiation emitted from
the source.
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9 A teacher measures the count from a radioactive source over a 20 minute period.
2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(3)
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(ii) Describe the procedure the teacher should follow to measure the background
radiation and correct the count measurement.
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................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
*P61936A02432*
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(c) The radioactive source used by the teacher emits beta radiation.
Describe how the nucleus of an atom is changed by the emission of a beta particle.
(2)
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(d) State two ways that the teacher can reduce the risks when working with radioactive sources.
(2)
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2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 9 = 10 marks)
*P61936A02532*
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10 The photograph shows a cylinder of compressed air used to breathe underwater.
© serg_dibrova/Shutterstock
(a) Explain how the air causes a pressure on the inside of the cylinder.
(3)
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Refer to particles in your answer.
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(b) Explain what happens to the pressure of the air inside the cylinder as its
temperature increases.
(3)
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26
*P61936A02632*
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(c) A fixed mass of air has a volume of 43 000 cm3 when its pressure is 100 kPa.
Calculate the pressure of this fixed mass of air when it is inside the cylinder.
[volume of air in cylinder = 8500 cm3]
(3)
pressure = ........................................................... . . . kPa
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(Total for Question 10 = 9 marks)
*P61936A02732*
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(2)
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2.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) Describe the conditions required for total internal reflection to occur.
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(a) (i) State two uses of total internal reflection.
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11 A light ray can undergo total internal reflection.
(2)
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(b) The diagram shows a light ray entering a glass block from air and then incident
on the flat side of the block at position A.
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A
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(i) Draw the normal line where the light ray is incident on the flat side of the block.
(1)
(ii) Measure the angle of incidence.
(1)
angle of incidence = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) The critical angle of the glass block is 40°
Continue the path of the light ray after it reaches position A.
(iv) State the equation linking critical angle and refractive index.
(v) Calculate the refractive index of the glass block.
(2)
(1)
(2)
refractive index = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 11 = 11 marks)
*P61936A02932*
29
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800
600
current
in mA
400
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12 The graph shows how the current in a filament lamp varies as the voltage across it is changed.
200
6.0
8.0
voltage in V
(a) Draw a circuit diagram to show a circuit that could be used to make the
measurements required to plot this graph.
30
*P61936A03032*
(4)
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4.0
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2.0
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0.0
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0
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(b) The resistance of the filament lamp changes as the voltage is increased.
(i) Determine how the resistance of the filament lamp changes as the voltage is increased.
You should use data from the graph in your answer.
(4)
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(ii) Explain why the resistance changes as the voltage is increased.
(3)
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(c) Draw a line on the graph to show how the current varies with voltage for a
different filament lamp with a higher power rating.
(1)
(Total for Question 12 = 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
*P61936A03132*
31
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BLANK PAGE
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
32
*P61936A03232*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname
Pearson Edexcel
International GCSE
Other names
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Thursday 17 January 2019
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour)
Paper Reference 4PH0/2P
Physics
Unit: 4PH0
Paper: 2P
You must have:
Calculator, ruler
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
• Use
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• centre
number and candidate number.
all questions.
• Answer
Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
• – there may
be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
total mark for this paper is 60.
• The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Read
Write
answers neatly and in good English.
• Try toyour
every question.
• Checkanswer
your
answers
if you have time at the end.
•
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P61937RA
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P61937RA0120*
pressure × volume = constant
p 1 × V1 = p2 × V2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2× π× r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
pressure
= constant
temperature
force =
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
change in momentum
time taken
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m / s2.
2
*P61937RA0220*
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work done
time taken
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power =
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E=I×V×t
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energy transferred = current × voltage × time
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You may find the following equations useful.
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EQUATIONS
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Answer ALL questions.
1 Planets and moons in the Solar System move in orbits.
(a) Name the force that causes planets and moons to move in orbits.
(1)
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(b) The diagram shows the orbits of a planet and a moon in the Solar System.
The diagram is not to scale.
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...............................
................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) On the diagram, label the planet, the moon and the Sun.
(2)
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(ii) Explain how the time period of the moon’s orbit is different to the time period of the
planet’s orbit.
(2)
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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)
*P61937RA0320*
3
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2 (a) Describe what is meant by the term vector quantity.
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(b) Complete the table by ticking (3) the correct boxes to show whether each quantity
is a scalar or a vector.
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(2)
The first one has been done for you.
(3)
speed
weight
acceleration
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3
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Vector
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energy
Scalar
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Quantity
charge
moment
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4
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3 The diagram shows part of a roller coaster ride.
The car is pulled towards point A and then released.
car
start
A
B
D
C
(a) Choose letters from the diagram to complete this sentence.
(2)
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The car experiences the greatest downwards acceleration at point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
and it has the most kinetic energy at point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The maximum gravitational potential energy of the car is 380 kJ.
The maximum height of the car is 45 m.
Calculate the mass of the car.
[gravitational potential energy = mass × g × height]
(3)
mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg
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Give the unit.
(2)
weight = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
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(i) Calculate the weight of this copper cube.
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4 (a) A copper cube has a mass of 0.0717 kg.
(1)
(iii) The density of copper in this cube is 8960 kg/m3.
6
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volume = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3
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(2)
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Calculate the volume of this copper cube.
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(b) The graph shows the masses of some materials when their volume is 1 m3.
9000
8000
7000
6000
Mass of 1 m3 5000
in kg
4000
3000
2000
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1000
0
water
plastic
aluminium granite
steel
brass
Material
(i) State the type of graph shown.
(1)
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(ii) Use information from the graph to compare the densities of granite and steel.
(2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)
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8
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BLANK PAGE
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5 This question is about sound.
(a) Describe an investigation to measure the speed of sound in air.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(6)
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A student investigates how the speed of sound in air varies with temperature.
The student’s results are shown on the graph.
Speed of sound
in m/s
345
340
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(b) The speed of sound changes when the temperature changes.
−15
−10
−5
0
5
10
15
20
Temperature in °C
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320
−20
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325
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335
(i) Draw a line of best fit on the graph.
(1)
(ii) Use the graph to find the speed of sound when the air temperature is 20 °C.
(2)
speed of sound = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s
10
*P61937RA01020*
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(iii) A ship moves about in fog.
A foghorn is used to make a loud, low-pitched sound to warn any nearby ships.
The air temperature decreases while the foghorn emits sound waves of a
constant frequency.
Explain how this decrease in temperature affects the wavelength of the
sound waves.
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(2)
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(Total for Question 5 = 11 marks)
*P61937RA01120*
11
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6 An energy company plans to build a new nuclear power station.
© Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH/Shutterstock
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a nuclear power station to
generate electricity.
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advantages ...... ............................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(4)
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disadvantages ........................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 6 = 4 marks)
12
*P61937RA01220*
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BLANK PAGE
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*P61937RA01320*
13
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7 The photograph shows an electrical appliance plug containing a step-down transformer.
(a) Compare the number of turns on the primary coil of a step-down transformer with
the number of turns on its secondary coil.
The secondary current is 1.0 A.
(i) State the equation linking primary voltage, primary current, secondary voltage
and secondary current for a transformer.
(1)
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(b) This transformer is designed to reduce the voltage from 230 V to 5.5 V.
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(1)
(ii) Calculate the primary current in the transformer.
[assume the transformer is 100% efficient]
(2)
primary current = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
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(c) A student notices that the electrical applicance plug becomes warm when the
appliance is working.
Suggest how this will affect the input to the transformer.
[secondary voltage and secondary current do not change]
(2)
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(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)
*P61937RA01520*
15
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The diagram is not to scale.
1.2 m
P
F
counterweight
150 kN
18 kN
length of crane arm
8.0 m
rock
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8 The simplified diagram shows a crane being used to lift a large rock.
Name of force
F
weight of rock
150 kN
weight of counterweight
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Force
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(1)
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Complete the table by giving the missing information.
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(a) The table gives information about the forces acting on the uniform crane arm.
18 kN
(b) (i) State the equation linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the clockwise moment of the weight of the counterweight about
the pivot, P.
(2)
moment = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N m
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(c) (i) State the principle of moments.
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(1)
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(ii) Calculate the weight of the rock.
(3)
weight = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N
(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)
*P61937RA01720*
17
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The toy train is released from rest and rolls down the slope.
toy train
truck
(a) The toy train has a mass of 0.039 kg.
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9 A student investigates the motion of a toy train.
The toy train moves with a velocity of 0.56 m/s when it reaches the bottom of the slope.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
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momentum = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m/s
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(ii) Calculate the momentum of the toy train when it reaches the bottom of the slope.
(1)
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(1)
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(iii) The toy train hits the truck and they stick together.
toy train
truck
The train and truck move away together with a velocity of 0.26 m/s.
Calculate the mass of the truck.
(3)
mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg
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QUESTION 9 CONTINUES ON PAGE 20
*P61937RA01920*
19
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(b) The student repeats the investigation using another identical truck connected to
the first truck.
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The student releases the toy train from the top of the slope in the same way
as before.
The toy train hits the trucks and they stick together.
toy train
trucks
The toy train and trucks move away together.
The student concludes
Discuss whether the student’s conclusion is correct or not.
(3)
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“The two trucks are identical, so their velocity will be the same as when
there was just one truck.”
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(Total for Question 9 = 8 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
20
*P61937RA02020*
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