Health Care Ethics (Bioethics) Module #21 Student Activity Sheet GABALLO CHARITY Name: _________________________________________________________________ BSN 2-B14 Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Class number: _______ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: Health Care and the Near Future Part 3 Materials: Learning Targets: At the end of the module, students will be able to: 1. Identify the uses of recombinant DNA and the possible danger that it will result when use in a careless way; 2. Understand the politics of genetic screening; and, 3. Define Pharmacogenomics. Pen, paper, index card, book, and class List References: Ethics of Health Care: A Guide for Clinical Practice Fourth Edition, Raymond S. Edge, J. Randall Groves A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Brain Teaser: The instructor will give questions to the students for them to answer. The students will write short answer of what they have understood from the previous topic. 1. What is genetic engineering? Answer:__________________________________________________________________________________________ Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process of altering the DNA in an _________________________________________________________________________________________________ organism’s genome. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is genetic testing? Answer:__________________________________________________________________________________________ Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What GINA stands for? And what it is for? Answer:__________________________________________________________________________________________ Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act protects individuals from genetic discrimination by health _________________________________________________________________________________________________ insurers and employers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ B. MAIN LESSON The Politics of Screening Genetic Testing Genetic screening is really a term that's used to help us identify a smaller group of people from a large population. And this smaller group of people might have a higher risk of either having a disease, developing that disease, or potentially having children who may have that disease as well. So I want to differentiate genetic screening from the term "genetic testing". Genetic testing is focused on an individual; genetic screening is really focused on a whole population of people, trying to identify those specifically who are [at] increased risk to develop it or to have children with a condition in question or the condition being screened for. Genetic screening requires: - Wisdom - Sensitivity - Good science - Confidentiality Recombinant DNA THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF PHINMA EDUCATION 1 Health Care Ethics (Bioethics) Module #21 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ - Scientists recombine genetic material from one organism to another for various reasons Not always the case people trained in the sciences are conscious of their ethical duties Benefits from genetic engineering too great to ignore Genetic Pharmacy • Pharmacogenomics – Study of genetic variations that influence individual response to drugs – Combines traditional pharmaceutical sciences with understanding of common DNA variations in human genome – One of the most productive and promising applications of genetic engineering • Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs. This relatively new field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person’s genetic makeup. • Many drugs that are currently available are “one size fits all,” but they don't work the same way for everyone. It can be difficult to predict who will benefit from a medication, who will not respond at all, and who will experience negative side effects (called adverse drug reactions). Adverse drug reactions are a significant cause of hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. With the knowledge gained from the Human Genome Project, researchers are learning how inherited differences in genes affect the body’s response to medications. These genetic differences will be used to predict whether a medication will be effective for a particular person and to help prevent adverse drug reactions. Conditions that affect a person’s response to certain drugs include clopidogrel resistance, warfarin sensitivity, warfarin resistance, malignant hyperthermia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency. • The field of pharmacogenomics is still in its infancy. Its use is currently quite limited, but new approaches are under study in clinical trials. In the future, pharmacogenomics will allow the development of tailored drugs to treat a wide range of health problems, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease, cancer, HIV/AIDS, and asthma. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed. 1. This is the study of genetic variations that influence individual response to drugs? A. Pharmacology B. Pharmacist C. Pharmacogenomics D. Gene therapy Answer: ________ C Rationale:________________________________________________________________________________________ The study of how genes influence a person's pharmacological reaction is known as pharma _________________________________________________________________________________________________ cogenomics. This relatively new area combines pharmacology (drug science) with genomics _________________________________________________________________________________________________ (the study of genes and their activities) to create effective, safe treatments and dosages that a re personalized to a person's genetic makeup. 2. A variant form of a given gene, which may determine a trait such as having type O or type A Blood. A. Eugenics B. Heterozygous C. Genetic testing D. Allele Answer: ________ D Rationale:________________________________________________________________________________________ A variable version of a gene is known as an allele. Some genes exist in several distinct versions, _________________________________________________________________________________________________ all of which are found at the same genetic locus on a chromosome. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF PHINMA EDUCATION 2 Health Care Ethics (Bioethics) Module #21 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ 3. This is one of the most productive and promising applications of genetic engineering. A. Gene therapy B. Genetic pharmacy C. Genetic testing D. All of the above Answer: ________ B Rationale:________________________________________________________________________________________ Gene therapy is a type of experimental treatment that involves transferring genetic material into _________________________________________________________________________________________________ a patient's cell in order to cure the ailment. The objective is to change the genetic code of the _________________________________________________________________________________________________ patient's disease-causing cell and then restore normal circumstances to that cell. 4. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the commonly used bacterium?? A. E. coli B. Salmonella C. Lactobacilli D. Streptococcus Answer: ________ E Rationale:________________________________________________________________________________________ E. coli, or E. coli, is a kind of bacteria. coli is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped _________________________________________________________________________________________________ coliform bacteria of the genus Escherichia that is typically found in warm-blooded species' lowe _________________________________________________________________________________________________ r intestine. 5. Genetic screening requires which of the following? A. Sensitivity B. Wisdom C. Good science D. All of the above Answer: ________ D Rationale:________________________________________________________________________________________ Genetic screening requires all of the given choices _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ C. LESSON WRAP-UP AL Activity: CAT: 3-2-1 Instructions: 1. As an exit ticket at the end of the class period 2. Record three things you learned from the lesson. 3. Next, two things that you found interesting and that you’d like to learn more about. 4. Then, record one question you still have about the lesson. Three things you learned: 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________________ Two things that you’d like to learn more about: THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF PHINMA EDUCATION 3 Health Care Ethics (Bioethics) Module #21 Student Activity Sheet Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________ One question you still have: 1.___________________________________________________________________________________ THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF PHINMA EDUCATION 4
