4th Amendment
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Katz v. United States: The Katz test, the backbone of all objective+subjective
expectation of privacy arguments.
California v. Carney: Establishes the Carney test in which something could be
considered a vehicle or not (vehicle exception clause?)
California v. Ciraolo: An example of an observation of a property via the use of an
aircraft (airplane)
California v. Greenwood: Example of forfeiting your right to privacy by knowingly
exposing yourself to the public/outside world
Florida v. Riley: Another example of aerial surveillance, this time with a helicopter, more
comparable to the drone as it hovers, and in this case, it never flew OVER the property
Minnesota v. Carter: establishes what can be viewed from the public vantage, even if
inside of home/living quarters, is not private.
Kyllo v. United States: Talks about the use of advanced technology in an
observation/search and its constitutionality
Florida v. Jardine: Making an observation beyond just enhancing the naked eye.
Longlake Township v. Maxon: Drone case (lower court) Drone evidence was taken
without permission and used to sue the other person.
8th Amendment
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Solem v. Helm: The proportionality test establishes gross disproportionality.
Harmelin v. Michigan: Another proportionality test. Narrows down the proportionality
test
Ewing v. California: Establishes the three strikes law. Comparable to Denolf Jr. being a
repeat offender. Deference to state legislators
Roper v. Simmons: Barred the death penalty for juveniles (Denolf Jr. is a juvenile) +
establishes diminished culpability
Graham v. Florida: categorically bars life without parole sentences for non-homicidal
juveniles, also talked about the penological justification.
Miller v. Alabama: Youth must be taken into account. Finding of incorrigibility isnt
required.
Jones v. Mississippi: No separate fact-finding of incorrigibility is required
People v. Caballero: Attempted murder for a juvenile. Sentenced to 110 years. Found it
unconstitutional to sentence a juvenile well past his life expectancy.
State v. sweet: Juvenile offenders may not be sentenced to life without the possibility of
parole