General Principles of Virology
Viral Replication
◦ A virus is not a cell
◦ A virus cannot replicate on its own
◦ It must attach to and enter a host cell
◦ It then uses the host cell’s energy to synthesize protein, DNA,
and RNA
◦ Virus affected all living organisms
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General Principles of Virology (cont’d)
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Viral Illnesses
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Viral Illnesses (con’t)
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Viruses
• Smallpox
• Sore throat
• Conjunctivitis
• Warts
• Influenzas
• Covid 19
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Opportunistic Infections
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Herpes Simplex and Varicella Zoster
Virus Infections
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Antiviral Drugs
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Antiviral Drugs
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Antiviral Drugs - Key Characteristics
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Antiviral Drugs - Key Characteristics
(con’t)
• Best responses to antiviral drugs are in patients with
competent immune systems
• A healthy immune system works synergistically with
the drug to eliminate or suppress viral activity
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Antiviral Drugs (non-HIV)
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Antiviral Drugs (non-HIV)
Adverse effects
◦ Vary with each drug
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Antiviral Drugs (non-HIV)
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Antiviral Drugs (non-HIV):
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Antiviral Drugs (non-HIV)
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Antiviral Drugs (non-HIV)
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Vaccination Information Sheet
Also called a VIS
Purpose
Recipients
Documentation
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Nursing Implications
ADPIE
• Before beginning therapy, thoroughly
assess underlying disease and medical history,
including allergies
• Assess baseline vital signs and nutritional status
• Assess for contraindications, conditions
that may indicate cautious use, and potential drug
interactions
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Nursing Implications
ADPIE
• Be sure to teach proper application technique for
ointments, aerosol powders, and so on
• Emphasize hand washing before and after
administration of medications to prevent site
contamination and spread of infection
• Instruct patients to wear a glove or finger cot when
applying ointments or solutions to affected areas
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Nursing Implications
ADPIE
• Instruct patients to consult their prescriber before
taking any other medication, including over-thecounter medications
• Emphasize the importance of good hygiene
• Inform patients that antiviral drugs are not cures but
do help to manage symptoms
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Nursing Implications
ADPIE
• Instruct patients on the importance of taking these
medications exactly as prescribed and for the full
course of treatment
• Instruct patients to start therapy with antiviral drugs
at the earliest sign of recurrent episodes of genital
herpes or herpes zoster
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Nursing Implications
ADPIE
Monitor for adverse effects
◦ Effects are varied and specific to each drug
Monitor for therapeutic effects
◦ Effects will vary depending on the type of viral infection
◦ Effects range from delayed progression of AIDS and other
viruses to decrease in flulike symptoms, decrease in frequency
of herpes-like flare-ups, or crusting over of herpetic lesions
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THINK LIKE A NURSE
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THINK LIKE A NURSE
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