Notes for nurs 124 WINTER 2023
 What is a nursing process?
o It’s the model used by nurses to identify, diagnose and treat client health issues
 What is cognition?
o It is all the processes involved in forming a human thought
 How would you define the bandura learning theory?
o It is when you learn through social context and observation and putting that into
practice.
 What is an example of the bandura learning theory?
o Reading
 What are the stages of group development?
o Forming, storming, norming and performing
 What is forming?
o Establishing a relationship by getting to know one another
 What is storming?
o Stating expectations and identifying differences
 What is norming?
o Resolving the differences
 What is performing?
o Doing the activities the group needs to do
 What are some professional characteristics of nurses?
o Altruistic (selfless) service
o They are self-regulated and obliged to the public
o Adhere to a code of ethic
o Advanced specialized body knowledge, based on high level of education that is
continually developed
o Has autonomy over a specific jurisdiction and mandate
 What is the role of CARNA?
o They protect the interest of the public
 What is the role of UNA?
o It’s the union in Alberta that protects working nurses and nursing rights
 What is the job of health professions?
o To lay out the scopes of practice for types of health practices
 What is the function of CAN?
o Act as international council of nurses
 Why are theory important?
o They provide a systemic view for explaining, predicting and prescribing
phenomena (relating concepts and providing an explanation)
 Why are nursing theory important?
o Conceptualization of some aspect of nursing, communicating the purpose of
describing, explaining, predicting or prescribing nursing care.
 What is a phenomenon?
o An aspect of reality
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What are the steps of nursing process?
o Assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention and evaluation
What is a grand theory?
o Based on broad, abstract and complex concepts
o They provide the general framework for nursing ideas pertaining to components
such as people and health
What is a middle-range theory?
o They are more narrow in scope than grand theories and deal with some part of a
discipline’s concerns related to particular topics.
Why are descriptive theory important?
o They claim to describe how things really are as opposed to how they should be
What is a prescriptive theory?
o A theory that says how people or thigs should function as opposed to how they
actually do
o It is the opposite of descriptive theory
Why are practice-based theories important?
o They observe nursing practice
o Florence nightingale observed the importance of creating healthy environments
rather than diagnosis and treatment, like opening windows for fresh air, focusing
on strengths, involving families
How do needs theories work?
o Identifies basic needs and self-care, coming about when nursing role was seen as
not just making the person well while still allowing them to be independent
What is an interactionist theories?
o Interpersonal relationships (nurse/client)
What are systems theories?
o When people are involved within other systems such as community and family
Why are simultaneity theories important?
o Doesn’t allow for breaking theories into parts, needs to keep it as holistic as
possible
o Use different language to include as much as possible it is client focused
What is the way of knowing? (Carper)
o Empirics, ethics, esthetics and personal
What is empiric?
o The evidence presented is objective/scientific
What are ethics?
o Looking at things using a sense of moral duty
What is esthetics?
o Interpreting the patient’s behaviour by looking at their relationship in the
moment
What is personal?
o Having a knowledge of self and an awareness of others in relationships explicit
and tacit
Lesson 2
 What is the definition of health?
o The overall wellbeing of someone
 What is the definition of disease?
o An objective state of ill health
 What is the definition of illness?
o How a patient feels
 why is the medical approach important?
o It determine physiological risk factors
 How is the behavioural approach (Lalonde study) important?
o It allowed a shift from a medical approach to a more behavioral approach to
change one’s behaviour
 What are some cons of the behavioural approach?
o Fails into take in how an individual fits into their environment, too much focus
on behaviours which leads to blaming
 Why is the socio-environmental approach important?
o It provide a different approach to health and brings in the social structures such
as poverty and unhealthy home environment and how it affect one’s health.
 What is health determinants defined as?
o Lifestyle, environment, human biology and the organisation of health care
 Why are health determinants important?
o They can help predict someone’s health outcome
 Which health determinant is the greatest threat to someone’s health?
o Poverty because it affects all aspect of someone’s life starting at birth
 Why is health promotion important?
o Uses health determinants to direct someone towards self-actualization and well
being
 What is the Ottawa charter?
o It is the process of enabling people to increase empowerment and improve their
health, emphasises health promotion and socio-environmental health aspects.
 What is the prerequisites for health?
o Ottawa charter
 What is the purpose of disease prevention?
o To avoid illness
 How does primary prevention work?
o It acts before someone gets the disease/disorder to protects against a disease
before signs and symptoms occur.
o Family doctors are in charge of this
 What are some examples of primary prevention?
o Vaccines, contraception
 How does secondary prevention work?
o Promotes early detection of disease
o Done by referred specialists
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What are some examples of secondary prevention?
o Pap smear
How does tertiary prevention work?
o Tries to prevent the progression of the illness
o Done in the hospital or physiotherapy
What are some examples of tertiary prevention?
o Surgery, rehabilitation and drugs