Course: Health & Society
Course ID:HEA101
Lecture-11
Mental Health
Dr. Nafisa Huq
What is mental health??
• It is a capacity
• Think of a car or a mobile model
What is mental health
Mental health is defined as a state of well-being
in which every individual:
❑ realizes his or her own potential
❑ can cope with the normal stresses of life
❑ can work productively and fruitfully, and
❑ is able to make a contribution to her or his
community
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Common presentations of mental health
problems/disorder
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•
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Poor performance
Hyperactivity
Poor communication skills
Talking too much or too less
Withdrawn/Undue excitement
Aggressive: verbal/physical
Suspiciousness
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Common Mental Health
Disorders/Problems
Psychosis=Severe mhd
Neurosis=less severe
Substance Use Disorders
Major mental illness in
which marked disturbances
in thinking, feeling, and
behavior are present.
Connection to reality is
lost.
Also called Common
Mental Disorders (CMD)
primarily characterized by
anxiety and depression.
Connection to reality is
usually maintained.
Substance dependence
Substance abuse
Substance induced
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪ Generalized Anxiety
disorders.
▪ OCD
▪ PTSD
Alcohol
Cannabis
Opiod
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Mood Disorder
Manic disorder
Psychotic depression
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Burden of mental illness
• Approximately 450 million people affected
globally.
• Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders (NPDs)
contribute more to the total global burden than
heart disease, stroke or cancer.
World Disease
Rank
Women 15 to 19 years
1.Depression
2.Suicide
3.Anxiety
4.Back pain
5.Iron deficiency
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What happens to a person with a mental
illness
▪ It is associated with significant
long-term disability which manifests in both
decreased physical and social functioning .
▪ Those with psychosocial stressors such as
poverty and unemployment are particularly at
risk.
▪ ‘Poor Mental Health’ significantly contributes
to a cycle of poverty.
The bare facts. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008.
(url:http://www.who.int/mental_health/en, accessed 02/04/08).
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Mental Illness over the life course
• Half of all lifetime cases of diagnosable mental
illness begin by age 14.
• Three-quarters of lifetime mental illness arise
by mid-twenties.
• 60–70% of children and adolescents who
experience clinically significant mental health
problems have not been offered evidencebased interventions at the earliest opportunity
for maximal lifetime benefits.
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Etiology/Risk factors of Mental Illness
• Biological:
– Genetic causes
– Pre-natal causes
– Infections
– Nutrition
– Hormones
• Socio-Economic:
– Poverty
– Gender
– Discrimination
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Risk factors for mental illness in adulthood
Stressful life events:
• Refugees
• Indigenous population
• Unemployment
• lower income
• Debt
• Violence
• Inadequate housing.
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Resources for mental health
Median mental health expenditures per capita by
World Bank income group classification
% of Health budget spent on MH
6
5
4
% of Health budget
spent on MH
3
2
1
0
Low n=8
Lower middle n=18
Upper middle n=19
Rich n=23
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Mental health human resources
1.2 billion population
Bangladesh’s
population
We have about
one psychiatrist
for 200,000
people
3,000
psychiatrists
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