Critical Thinking
Dr. Amira Wasfy
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Dr. walaa khozaam -
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CRITICAL THINKING
course code :028
G A L A L A
U N I V E R S I T Y
T H E
F U T U R E
S T A R T S
H E R E
Text books :
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Course outline
chapters
Topic
1
Introduction to the course & Introduction to Critical Thinking
& Reading.
Learning How to Think
2
Critical Reading Discussion: “Who Moved My Cheese?”
Thinking inbox – thinking out of box
3
4
Introduction
What is Critical Thinking?
None
Mental Fitness
SWOT Analysis
Open Discussion
Research Writing
Analysis of Two Arguments Pro and Con on a Recent Controversial
Issue
5
Assignments
Observation Skills: What’s Out There?
Facts –opinion –evaluation –problem solving
Different
Perceptions
Image Analysis
Topic “Discussion
Course outline
chapters
Topic
6
Inductive and didactive
Case studies
7
Perception and conceptual map
Applied Exercise
8
Fallacies that Manipulate Emotions
Fallacies that Manipulate Through Distraction
Assignments
Analytical Exercise
G A L A L A
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Chapter I
CRITICALTHINKING
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What is CRITICAL THINKING?
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnJ1bqX
UnIM&t=6s
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Definition
Critical Thinking is the art
of analyzing and
evaluating thinking with
a view to improving it.
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In “everyday” language:
•Thinking “outside” the box
•Thinking about thinking
•“Unlimited” thinking
•Different thinking
“ (Thinking) . . . which exemplifies the perfections of thinking. . .”*
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What is the problem ?
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rJRVv-NOaA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m-xgti19-U
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THE PROBLEM
Everyone thinks that it is our thinking that let us do a special act.
But much of our thinking is biased, distorted and partial.
Yet the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or
build depends precisely on the quality of our thoughts.
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Bad thinking is costly, both in money and in
quality of life.
Excellent thinking must be analytically cultivated.
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What Are Negative Thoughts?
• Your brain is wired for negative thoughts. Here’s how to change it. –
YouTube
• “There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so.” William Shakespeare
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THE RESULT
A well cultivated critical thinker:
raises vital
questions and
problems,
formulating them
clearly and
precisely;
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comes to wellreasoned
conclusions and
solutions testing
them against
relevant criteria and
standards
gathers and
assesses relevant
information, using
abstract ideas to
interpret it
effectively
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thinks open-mindedly within alternative
systems of thoughts, recognizing and
assessing, as need be, their assumptions,
effects and practical consequences .
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communicates effectively with
others in figuring out solutions to
complex problems.
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IN BRIEF :
 It is , in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, selfmonitored, and self-corrective thinking.
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IN BRIEF:
 It requires accurate standards of excellence and
mindful command of their use.
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IN BRIEF :
 It requires effective communication and problemsolving abilities and a commitment to overcome
our native egocentrism and socio-centrism.
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G A L A L A
The Elements of Thoughts
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Purpose: goal,
objective
Point of View: frame of
reference, perspective,
Question at issue:
problem, issue
orientation, implications
and consequences
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The Elements of Thoughts
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Information: data, facts,
observations, experiences
Assumptions: pre-supposition, taking
for granted.
Interpretation and Inference:
conclusions, solutions
Concepts: theories, definitions,
axioms (a rule or principle that is
generally considered to be true),
laws, principles , models.
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Standards of Critical Thinking
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1.Clarity.
2.Accuracy.
3.Relevance.
4- Depth.
5.Fairness.
6.Logic.
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