EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROOT HORMONE TO THE ROOT
ENHANCEMENT OF BREADFRUIT
(Artocarpus altilis) CUTTINGS
THROUGH HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
Submitted to:
FELOMINO B. ANDIG, Ph.D.
CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY
Ampayon, Butuan City
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Course
Plant Propagation and Nursery Management
(CS 201)
Submitted by:
GENEVIE FAITH S. SAJULAN
FE L. DELGADO
JIMMY JR. A. SUGSE
MARIEL L. DELGADO
ELMER C. MANATAD
Master of Science in Crop Science
(MSCS)
INTODUCTION
Nature and importance of the study
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering
tree in the mulberry family, Moraceae. The breadfruit tree provides
a varied range of staple foods and has a high economic value
(Soetjipto and Lubis, 1981). The fruit can be cooked and eaten in
all
stages
of
maturity.
The
denomination
of
the
breadfruit
certainly stems from the fact that its transformation could give
bread products. The fruit would then can be used for bread making.
Bokossa et al. (2016) showed that bread flour added to that of
sorghum and soya is an important staple in the fight against child
malnutrition. In addition to producing abundant, nutritious, tasty
fruits, this multipurpose tree provides medicine, construction
materials, and animal feed. Abimbola et al. (2010) found out that
breadfruit could also be used to replace maize in animal feed, up
to 22.2% in feeding rabbits without changes in digestion or feed
quality of meat.
All parts of the plant are also used medically especially the
latex, leaf tip and inner barks. The latex is massage in to skin
to
treat
broken
bones
and
sprains.
Diluted
latex
is
taken
internally to treat diarrhea and dysentery.
According to Laura B. Roberts-Nkrumah’s manual “BREADNUT AND
BREADFRUIT PROPAGATION”, most breadfruit cultivars grown for food,
including the ‘Yellow’ and the ‘White’ are seedless, therefore,
they have to be propagated using vegetative methods, which do not
require seeds.
Instead, vegetative methods of propagation use the
vegetative organs of the plant such as shoots and roots. The use
of root cuttings is the most suitable method that is currently
available for commercial production of young breadfruit plants
(Plate 4). Root cuttings can be used to produce young breadfruit
plants because they can be induced to produce adventitious shoots.
This method is the most suitable for commercial nurseries or for
producers who plan to establish medium to large orchards or even
smaller producers who plan to establish all their breadfruit plants
in the field at once and have appropriate nursery facilities. The
physical requirements for the nursery are greater but many more
plants are produced by this method which reduces the risk of
damaging the mother trees by frequent root removal.
In propagating cuttings, hydroponic system is now introduced.
Hydroponics, by definition, is a method of growing plants in a
water based, nutrient rich solution. Hydroponics does not use soil,
instead the root system is supported using an inert medium such as
perlite, rockwool, clay pellets, peat moss, or vermiculite. The
basic premise behind hydroponics is to allow the plants roots to
come in direct contact with the nutrient solution, while also
having access to oxygen, which is essential for proper growth.
Breadfruit is valued in the community for it is beneficial to
man for the usage on its different parts but only few propagates
it. Since most propagation used soil media, the root can not
consume directly the nutrients. Because of this, hydroponic system
can be used where nutrients will be consumed directly by the plant.
Objective of the Study
This study will be conducted to find out the efficacy of
the different level of root hormone to the root enhancement of
breadfruit through hydroponics system.
Specifically,
this
study
will
attempt
to
answer
the
following:
1.
What is the average number of roots produced by breadfruit as
affected by different level of root hormone?
2.
What is the average length of the roots produced by breadfruit
as affected by different level of root hormone?
3.
What is the average number of leaves produced by breadfruit
as affected by different level of root hormone?
4.
What is the average survival rate of breadfruit root cuttings
as affected by different level of root hormone?
Significance of the study
The result of this study will serve as a basis for both local
and national development planners, in improving and developing the
rooting techniques and practices of breadfruit through cuttings
with the application of the different level of root hormone in a
hydroponics system.
There is no significant difference on the average number of
roots of breadfruit root cuttings as affected by different level
of root hormone.
Scope and Limitation of the study
This study will focus only on the survival rate of
breadfruit root cuttings as affected by different level of root
hormone, average number of roots produced by breadfruit as affected
by different level of root hormone and average number of leaves of
breadfruit as affected by different level of root hormone.
CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Time and Place of the Study
The experiment will be conducted at Pananay-an, Placer ,
Surigao del Norte from the month of November to December 2018.
Experimental Design
The experiment will be laid out using Complete Randomized
Design (CRD) with three (3) treatments and three (3) replications
at three (3) sample plants per treatment.
The treatments are as follows:
CODE
ROOT HORMONE
T0
0
T1
100mL
T2
200mL
T3
300mL
Field Layout
T1
T4
T3
T2
T2
T1
T4
T3
T3
T2
T1
T4
T4
T3
T2
T1
Source of Root Cuttings
Root cuttings of breadfruit will be collected from a fruit
bearing breadfruit.
Collection and Planting of Root Cuttings
Root cuttings will be collected from a mother plant which are
active, healthy and disease free. Root cuttings will be collected
early in the morning to prevent from welting and dehydration and
be planted right after collection of cutting. Sharp cutting tool
(knife) will be used to prevent damage of cuttings.
Care and Maintenance
Newly planted root cuttings will be placed under a partial
shady area to prevent from dehydration. A hydroponic system will
be used.
11
Data to be gathered:
1. Days of Recovery. This will be counted from planting to shoot
emergence.
2. Survival Rate (%). Survival rate of three (3) sample root
cuttings per treatment will be computed upon termination of
the study. It will be calculated by dividing the number of
root cuttings that survived over the number of root cuttings
used per treatment, that is:
𝑆𝑅 =
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑
𝑋 100
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
3. Number of Leaves. Number of leaves of three (3) sample root
cuttings per treatment will be counted upon termination of
the study.
4. Height of roots (cm). Height of three (3) sample root cuttings
per treatment will be counted upon termination of the study.
Statistical Data Analysis
All data gathered will be organized, tabulated and
analyzed
statistically
using
analysis
of
variance
(ANOVA)
in
Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Duncan’s Multiple Range Test
(DMRT) will be used to test any significant difference among
treatments.