Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title
Higher National Diploma in Computing
Assessor
Ms.Shifani
Internal Verifier
Unit 01: Programming
Unit(s)
Assignment title
Rahmathulla Mohommed Reeza
Student’s name
List which assessment criteria
the Assessor has awarded.
Pass
Merit
Distinction
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST
Do the assessment criteria awarded match
those shown in the assignment brief?
Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded
justified by the assessor’s comments on the
student work?
Has the work
accurately?
been
assessed
assessment
decision
Y/N
Y/N
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:
• Constructive?
• Linked to relevant assessment criteria?
• Identifying opportunities for improved
performance?
• Agreeing actions?
Does the
amending?
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
need
Y/N
Assessor signature
Date
Internal Verifier signature
Date
Programme Leader signature (if required)
Date
1
R.M.Reeza
Programming
Assignment 01
Confirm action completed
Remedial action taken
Give details:
Assessor signature
Ms.Shifani
Date
Internal Verifier
signature
Date
Programme
Leader
signature (if required)
Date
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Assignment
Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form
Student Name/ID
Unit Title
Assignment Number
Rahmathulla Mohommed Reeza/KAN00078673
Unit 01 : Programming
1
Ms.Shifani
Assessor
Submission Date
Date Received 1st
submission
Re-submission Date
Date Received
submission
2nd
Assessor Feedback:
LO1. Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation and outline the process of programming an application.
Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts
P1
M1
D1
LO2. Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-orientated and event-driven programming, conduct an analysis of a
Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts
P2
M2
D2
M3
D3
LO3. Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.
Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts
P3
LO4. Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding standard.
Pass, Merit & Distinction Descripts
Grade:
P4
P5
M4
Assessor Signature:
Date:
Assessor Signature:
Date:
D4
Resubmission Feedback:
Grade:
Internal Verifier’s Comments:
Signature & Date:
* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken
place and grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.
Assignment Feedback
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Assignment
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student
Action Plan
Summative feedback
Feedback: Student to Assessor
Assessor
signature
Date
Student
signature
Date
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Assignment
Pearson Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 01: Programming
Assignment 01
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Assignment
General Guidelines
1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your
assignment. Use previous page as your cover sheet and make sure all the details are
accurately filled.
2. Attach this brief as the first section of your assignment.
3. All the assignments should be prepared using a word processing software.
4. All the assignments should be printed on A4 sized papers. Use single side printing.
5. Allow 1” for top, bottom , right margins and 1.25” for the left margin of each page.
Word Processing Rules
1.
2.
3.
4.
The font size should be 12 point, and should be in the style of Time New Roman.
Use 1.5 line spacing. Left justify all paragraphs.
Ensure that all the headings are consistent in terms of the font size and font style.
Use footer function in the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject,
Assignment No, and Page Number on each page. This is useful if individual sheets
become detached for any reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help
editing your assignment.
Important Points:
1. It is strictly prohibited to use textboxes to add texts in the assignments, except for the
compulsory information. eg: Figures, tables of comparison etc. Adding text boxes in
the body except for the before mentioned compulsory information will result in
rejection of your work.
2. Carefully check the hand in date and the instructions given in the assignment. Late
submissions will not be accepted.
3. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
4. Excuses of any nature will not be accepted for failure to hand in the work on time.
5. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
6. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as
illness, you may apply (in writing) for an extension.
7. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade .
8. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic RE FERRAL.
You will then be asked to complete an alternative assignment.
9. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference them properly
using HARVARD referencing system to avoid plagiarism. You have to provide both
in-text citation and a reference list.
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10. If you are proven to be guilty of plagiarism or any academic misconduct, your grade
could be reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be expelled from the course
Student Declaration
I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to
present it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand
what it means to copy another’s work.
1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.
2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of
the assignments for this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will
be my own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in
the correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding
agreement between myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document
is not attached to the attached.
Student’s Signature:
(Provide E-mail ID)
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Date:
(Provide Submission Date)
Programming
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Assignment
Higher National Diploma in Computing
Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number
Unit Number and Title
Unit 01: Programming
Academic Year
2021/22
Unit Tutor
Assignment Title
Design &Implement a GUI based system using a suitable
Integrated Development Environment
Issue Date
Submission Date
IV Name & Date
Submission Format
This submission will have 3 components
1. Written Report
This submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal
business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs
and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the Harvard
referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. (The
recommended word count is 1,500–2,000 words for the report excluding annexures)
2. Implemented System (Software)
The student should submit a GUI based system developed using an IDE. The system should connect with a
backend database and should have at least 5 different forms and suitable functionality including insert, edit
and delete of main entities and transaction processing.
3. Presentation
With the submitted system student should do a presentation to demonstrate the system that was developed.
Time allocated is 10 to 15 min. Student may use 5 to 10 PowerPoint slides while doing the presentation, but
live demonstration of the system is required. Evaluator will also check the ability to modify and debug the
system using the IDE.
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Assignment
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1. Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation and outline the process of
programming an application.
LO2. Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-orientated and event-driven
programming, conduct an analysis of a suitable Integrated Development
Environment (IDE).
LO3. Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.
LO4. Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding
standard
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Assignment
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Activity 1
A. The Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144,
In mathematical terms, the sequence Fn of Fibonacci numbers is defined by the recurrence
relation.
Fn = F n-1 + F n-2
B. Factorial of a non-negative integer is multiplication of all integers smaller than or equal to
n. For example, factorial of 6 is 6*5*4*3*2*1 which is 720.
n! = n * (n - 1) * … 1
Define what an algorithm is and outline the characteristics of a good algorithm. Write the
algorithms to display the Fibonacci series and the factorial value for a given number using
Pseudo code. Determine the steps involved in the process of writing and executing a program.
Take a sample number and dry run the above two algorithms. Show the outputs at the end of
each iteration and the final output. Examine what Big-O notation is and explain its role in
evaluating efficiencies of algorithms. Write the Python program code for the above two
algorithms and critically evaluate their efficiencies using Big-O notation.
Activity 2
2.1
Explain what a Programming Paradigm and the main characteristics of Procedural,
Object oriented and Event-driven paradigms and the relationships among them, mean.
Write small snippets of code as example for the above three programming paradigms using
a suitable programming language(s). You also need to critically evaluate the code samples
that you have given above in relation to their structure and the unique characteristics.
Activity 3 and Activity 4 are based on the following Scenario.
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Assignment
Ayubo Drive is the transport arm of Ayubo Leisure (Pvt) Ltd, an emerging travel & tour company
in Sri Lanka. It owns a fleet of vehicles ranging from cars, SUVs to vans.
The vehicles that it owns are hired or rented with or without a driver. The tariffs are based on the
vehicle type. Some of the vehicle types that it operates are, small car, sedan car, SVUs, Jeep (WD),
7-seater van and Commuter van. New vehicle types are to be added in the future.
Vehicle rent and hire options are described below.
1. Rent (With or without driver) – For each type of vehicle rates are given per day, per week and
per month. Rate for a driver also given per day. Depending on the rent period the total rent
amount needs to be calculated. For example: if a vehicle is rented for 10 days with a driver,
total amount to be calculated as follows:
Total rent = weeklyRent x 1 + dailyRent x 3 + dailyDriverCost x 10
2. Hire (with driver only) – These are based on packages such as airport drop, airport pickup,
100km per day package, 200km per day package etc. Standard rates are defined for a package
type of a vehicle typeif that is applicable for that type of vehicle.For each package maximum
km limit and maximum number of hours arealso defined. Extra km rate is also defined which
is applicable if they run beyond the allocated km limit for the tour. For day tours if they exceed
max hour limit,a waiting charge is applicable for extra hours. Driver overnight rate and vehicle
night park rate also defined which is applicable for each night when the vehicle is hired for 2
or more days.
Activity 3
Function 1: Rent calculation.
Return the total rent_value when vehicle_no, rented_date, return_date, with_driver parameters are
sent in. with_driver parameter is set to true or false depending whether the vehicle is rented with
or without driver.
Function 2: Day tour - hire calculation.
Calculate total hire_value when vehicle_no, package_type, start_time, end_time,
start_km_reading, end_km_reading parameters are sent in. Should return base_hire_charge,
waiting_charge and extra_km_charge as output parameters.
Function 3: Long tour - hire calculation.
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Assignment
Calculate total hire_value when vehicle_no, package_type, start_date, end_date,
start_km_reading, end_km_reading parameters are sent in. Should return base_hire_charge,
overnight_stay_charge and extra_km_charge as output parameters.
Write suable algorithms for vehicle tariff calculation for rents and hires. Ideally, 3
functions should be developed for this purpose as above. Use the visual studio IDE (using
C#.net) to Implement the above algorithms and design the suitable database structure for
keeping the tariffs for vehicle types and different packages which must be used for
implementing the above functions.
Analyze the features of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and explain how
those features help in application development. Evaluate the use of the Visual StudioIDE
for your application development contrasted with not using an IDE.
Activity 4
4.1 Design and build a small system to calculate vehicle hire amounts and record them in a
database for customer billing and management reporting forAyubo drive. This includes the
completing the database design started in 3.2 and implementing one or more GUIs for vehicle,
vehicle type, and package add/edit/delete functions. It essentially requires an interface for hire
calculation and recording function described above. Generating customer reports and
customer invoices are not required for this course work.
4.2 Explain debugging process and the features available in Visual studio IDE for debugging your
code more easily. Evaluate how you used the debugging process to develop more secure,
robust application with examples.
4.3 Outline the coding standards you have used in your application development. Critically
evaluate why a coding standard is necessary for the team as well as for the individual.
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Assignment
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Assignment
Acknowledgment
In preparation for our assignment, we had to take the help and guidance of some
respected people, who deserve our deepest gratitude. As the competition for this
assignment gave us much pleasure, we would like to show our gratitude to Ms.Shifani,
lecturer-IT, on ESOFT Metro Campus, Kandy for giving us good guidelines for the
assignment throughout numerous meetings. We would like to expand our gratitude to
all those who have directly and indirectly guided us in doing this assignment.
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Assignment
Contents
Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................... 14
Contents ....................................................................................................................... 15
Table of Figure ............................................................................................................. 15
Activity 01.................................................................................................................... 16
Algorithm ..................................................................................................................... 16
Characteristics of a Good Algorithm ........................................................................... 17
Pseudo Code ................................................................................................................. 17
Advantages of pseudo code...................................................................................... 18
B) Pseudo code .......................................................................................................... 22
Big O notation .............................................................................................................. 24
Activity 2...................................................................................................................... 26
What is Programming Paradigm .................................................................................. 26
Procedural Programming ............................................................................................. 26
Characteristics of procedural programming ............................................................. 27
Object Oriented ............................................................................................................ 28
Characteristic of Object Oriented ............................................................................ 29
Event-driven Paradigm ................................................................................................ 29
Characteristics of Event-driven ................................................................................ 30
Activity 03.................................................................................................................... 32
Rent Calculater ............................................................................................................. 33
Day Tour-Hire Calculater ............................................................................................ 34
Long Tour Calculater ................................................................................................... 35
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) .............................................................. 36
Features of integrated development environment .................................................... 36
Activity 4...................................................................................................................... 38
Vehicle Hiring System ................................................................................................. 39
What is Debugging? ..................................................................................................... 41
Visual studio IDE for Debugging ................................................................................ 42
Reference ..................................................................................................................... 49
Table of Figure
Figure 1 Python Coding ............................................................................................... 22
Figure 2 Python Coding ............................................................................................... 24
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Assignment
Figure 3 Procedural Programming coding ................................................................... 28
Figure 4 Object Oriented coding .................................................................................. 29
Figure 5 Event driven coding ....................................................................................... 32
Figure 6 System page 1 ................................................................................................ 39
Figure 7 System Page 2 ................................................................................................ 40
Figure 8 System page 3 ................................................................................................ 40
Activity 01
Algorithm
An algorithm is an effective step-by-step procedure for solving a problem in a finite
number of steps, in other words, it is a finite set of well-defined instructions or stepby-step description of the procedure written in human readable language for solving
a given problem. An algorithm itself is division of a problem into small steps which
are ordered in sequence and easily understandable. Algorithms are very important to
the way computers process information, because a computer program is basically an
algorithms that tells computer. What specific tasks to perform in what specific order
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Assignment
to accomplish a specific task. The same problem can be solved with different methods.
so, for solving the same problem, different algorithms can be designed. In these
algorithms, number of steps, time and efforts may very more or less.
Characteristics of a Good Algorithm

Input : An algorithm must have 0 or well defined inputs.

Output: An algorithm must have 1 or well defined outputs, and should
match with the desired outputs.

Feasibility: An algorithm must be terminated after the finite number of
steps.

Independent: An algorithm musts have step-by-step directions which is
independent of any programming code.

Uniqueness: The results of each step are uniquely by defined and only
depended on the input and result of the proceeding step.

Finiteness: Algorithms must terminate after a finite number of steps.
Pseudo Code
Pseudo code is a plain language description of a computer program intended to be
understood by a human rather executed by a computer. Pseudo code eliminates
boilerplate required by computer, such as variable declarations. It uses natural
language instructions where convenient. Sometimes pseudo code can also involve
mathematical notations, depending on the nature of the programs and the target
demographic. Pseudo code is the textual, linear equivalent of flow charts.
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Assignment
Since the target audience for pseudo code is another person, there are
no steadfast rules for syntax for semantic. Instead, pseudo code borrows heavily from
the conventions and keywords of other languages, such as indentation for nesting.
The resemblance with pseudo code is a USP for languages like
HAGGIS. Python’s emphasis on readability makes valid code just as understandable
as nature language.
The basic rules before writing pseudo code

Write only one statement per line.

Write what you mean, not hoe to program it.

Give proper indentation to show hierarchy and make code understandable.

Make the program as simple as possible.

Conditions and loops must be specified well i.e. begun and ended explicitly as
in given pseudo code examples.
Advantages of pseudo code

It allows the designer to focus on main logic without being distracted by
programming languages syntax

Since it is language independent, it can be translated to any computer language
code.

It allows designer to express logic in pain natural language.

It is easier to write actual code using pseudo code.

Unlike algorithms, pseudo code are concise so pseudo codes are more readable
and easier to modify.
Start
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Assignment
Input num1, num2, num3
Sum= num1+num2+num3
Print tot
End
Flow Chart
Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm. Programmers often use it as
a program-planning tool to solve a problem. It makes use of symbols, which are
connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing. The
process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as flowcharting.
Start
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Input num1
Input num2
Programming
19
Assignment
Sum=
num1+num2+num2
Print
tot
End
A) Pseudo code (Fibonacci series)
Start
Define variables n
/*fuvction*/
recur_Fibo= (n)
If n<=1 than
return n
else
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return (recur_fibo(n-1)+recur_fibo(n-2))
print (fibo(n))
end if
end function
/*main program*/
input n
if num<=0 than
display (“please enter a positive integer”)
else
display (“Fibonacci sequence”)
for i in range (num) than
display (recur_fibo(i)
stop
Dry run
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Num
n<=0
output
6
false
0,1,1,2,3,5
5
false
0,1,1,2,3
4
false
0,1,1,2
3
false
0,1,1,2
2
false
0,1,1
1
false
0,1
0
true
enter a positive number
Programming
21
Assignment
Python coding
Figure 1 Python Coding
B) Pseudo code
Factorial sequence
Start
Define variable n
/*function*/
Function fact(n)
If n=0 than
return 1
else
return=n*fact(n-1)
end if
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Assignment
input num
if num<0 than
display(“enter the number”)
else
x=fact(num)
display (“factorial of ” ,n,”is”,result)
end if
stop
Dry Run
Num
5
4
3
2
1
0
-5
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num n<=0
false
false
false
false
false
false
true
Factorial(num)
5
4
3
2
1
0
Programming
output
120
24
6
2
1
0
invalid number
23
Assignment
Python coding
Figure 2 Python Coding
Big O notation
Big O notation is mathematical notation that describes the limiting behavior of a
function when the argument tends towards a particular value or infinity. It is a member
of a family of notations invented by Paul Bachmann, Edmund landau, and others,
collectivity called Bachmann-Landau, and others, collectively called BachmannLandau notation or asymptotic notation
Big O Notation is a way to measure how well a computer Algorithm scales as the
amount of data involved increases.
Simply Big O Notation is the language we use for talking about how long an algorithm
takes to run.
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Assignment

Time takes to execute

Space required in memory for the Algorithm
Big O Notation does not consider the performance of hardware.
It considers processor speed, Memory, storage space, and power.
Big O Notation tells you the complexity of an algorithm in terms of the size of its
inputs. This is essential if you want to know how long the algorithm will scale and
also Big O Notation helps you to determine which Algorithms are fast, which are
slow, and also Big O Notation analyzes how many operations a sorting Algorithm
needs to complete to sort a very large collection of data.
Example –
If I needed my computer fixed and I know three computer operators who could do the
job all within a reasonable price range and good service too. My next question would
be how will it take? (The time duration).
By using Big O Notation I can get the quickest method to get the job done
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Assignment
Activity 2
What is Programming Paradigm
A programming paradigm is a way of thinking about and structuring a program’s
functionality. Programming paradigms differ from one another, for example in how
the program’s execution and control are defined and what components the programs
consist of most programming languages that are currently in use support multiple
programming paradigms. Part of a programmer’s growth involves the ability,
thorough experience, to choose the appropriate programming language and paradigm;
there currently is on single ubiquitous programming language and programming
paradigm. The most common programming paradigms today are object-oriented
programming, procedural programming, and functional programming.
Procedural Programming
Procedural programming uses a list of instructions to tell the computer what to do
step-by step. Procedural programming relies on-you guessed it- procedures, also
known as routines or subroutines. A procedure contain a series of computational steps
to be carried out. Procedural programming is also referred to as imperative
programming. Procedural programming languages are also known as top-down
languages.
Procedural programming is intuitive in the sense that it is
very similar to how would expect a program to work. If you want a computer to do
something, you should provide step-by –step instructions on how to do it. It is,
therefore, no suprice that most of the early programming languages are all procedural.
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Assignment
Characteristics of procedural programming

Procedural programming follows a top-down approach.

Can use variables

Can use functions

Sequence selection

The program is divided into blocks of codes called functions, where each
function performs a specific task.

Procedural programs model real world process as ‘procedures’ operating on
‘data’.

The data and functions are detached from each other.

The data moves freely in a program.

It is easy to follow the logic of a program.
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Assignment

A function can access other function’s data by calling that function.
Figure 3 Procedural Programming coding
Object Oriented
A programming languages structure wherein the data and their associated processing
(“methods”) are define as self-contained entities called “objects”
The norm today, object-oriented programming (OOP) languages, such as C++ and
Java, provide a formal set of rules for creating and managing objects, the data are
stored in a traditional relational database or in an object database or in an object
database if the data have a complex structure. See O-R mapping and object database.
There are three major features in object-oriented programming that makes them
different than non-OOP languages encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism
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Assignment
Characteristic of Object Oriented


It follows a bottom-up approach
Message passing

Polymorphism

Inheritance

Dynamic Binding

The program resulting from object-oriented programming is collection of
objects. Each object has its own data and a set of operations.
OOP restricts the free movement of data and the functions that operate on it.
A properly defined class can be reused, giving way to code reusability.
The concept of object-oriented programming models real-world entities very
well.
Due to its object-oriented approach, it is extremely useful involving complex
problems.




Figure 4 Object Oriented coding
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Assignment
Event-driven Paradigm
Even driven programming known as a computer-programming paradigm that used the
occurrence of events to determine the control flow of the program. This type of
application is designed to detect events as they occur, and use an appropriate eventhandling procedure to deal with it, which normally use a callback function or method
theoretically, event driven style of programming is supported in all programming
languages, but they may different in the way of implement it, for example, it’s easier
to
Implement in languages that provide high-level abstractions, such as closures.
Besides, for other programming environments such as adobe flash, they are
specifically tailored for triggering program code by events. Generally, there is a main
loop in an event-driven application that used to listen for events and triggers a callback
function when are events is detected.
Characteristics of Event-driven

Service oriented
Service oriented is key features in event driven programming that used to write
programs that are made for service and it takes does not slow down the computer as
service oriented only consume little of the computer processing power and usually
services run in the background of OS

Time Driven
In event driven programming time driven is a paradigm, it’s a code runs on a time
trigger, time driven can be a specific code that runs on a specific timed, which could
be once an hour, once a week or once a month, this means it’s pre-set to do task. For
example, windows update is the example of time driven, which users can set when to
update or when to check and download the update.
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Assignment

Event Handlers
Event handlers is a type of function or method that run a specific action when a
specific event is trig
ged. For example, it could be a button that when users click it , it will display a
massage, and it will close the message when user click the button again, this is an
event handler.

Trigger Functions
Trigger functions in event-driven programming are a functions that decide what code
to run when there are a specific event occurs, which are used to select which event
handler to use for the event when there is specific events occurred.

Events
Events include mouse, keyboard and user interface, which events need to be triggered
in the program in order to happen, that mean user have to interface with an object in
the program, for example, click a button by mouse, use keyboard to select a button
and etc.

Event object

Time driven
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Assignment

Event listener
Figure 5 Event driven coding
Relationship
between
procedural,
object-oriented
and
Event-driven
programming

In event-driven paradigms, one defines what will occur when a user executes
an event.

Can add event handlers to both procedural and object oriented paradigms

Procedural paradigm is look at the process to solve a problem. Object oriented
look at the actor and create objects to represent those actors. Event driven is
used when have spontaneous moments that need to be taken care of

In procedural paradigms, one defines a program and its subprograms as a series
of steps
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Activity 03
Rent Calculater
RentCalculation(string VehicleNo, DateTime RentDate, DateTime ReturnDate, bool
Driver )
NoDays= return_date - rent_date
months = NoDays / 30
remainder = months % 30
weeks = remainder / 7
days = remainder % 7
/*Find the required vehicle record from vehicle table*/
if (found) then
display monthRate, WeeklyRent, DailyRent and DriverRate
amount= months * MonthlyRent = weeks * WeeklyRent + days * DailyRent
if (WithDr == true) then
Amount = amount + Nodays * DriverRate
endif
Display Amount
else
display "vehicle not found"
endif
end function
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Day Tour-Hire Calculater
DayTourCalculation(string VehicleNo, string PackageType, DateTime StartTime,
DateTime EndTime, float StartKm, float EndKm, MaxKm, ExtraHrs, ExtraRate,
ExtraHours_amt)
Find the required Package record from Package table
if (found) then
dispaly MaxKm, MaxHrs, ExtraKmRate and ExtraHours_amt
else
display " There is no package found "
endif
NoOHrs = EndTime - StartTime
if (NoOHours > MaxHrs) then
ExraHrs = NoOHours - MaxHrs
else
ExraHrs = 0
endif
ExtraHours_amt = ExraHrs * ExhrRate
display ExtraHours_amt, NoOfHrs, ExtraHrs
NoOKm = Endkm - Startkm
if (NoOfkm > Maxkm) then
ExtraKm = NoOkm - Maxkm
ExtraKmChrg = ExtraKm * ExtraKmRate
amount = Packagerate + ExtraHours_amt + ExtraKmChrg
else
ExtraKm = 0
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endif
Display total amount
end function
Long Tour Calculater
LongTourCalculation(string VehicleNo, string PackageType, DateTime StartDate,
DateTime EndDate, float StartKm, float EndKm)
Find the requried Package record from Package table
if (found) then
dispaly
MaxKm
,ExtraKmRate,
DriverOvernighCharge
and
NightParkingCharge
else
display "There is no package found"
endif
TotalDays = ReturnDate - RentDate
display TotalDays
NoOKm = Endkm - Startkm
allocatKm = MaxKm * NoOfDays
BaseHireCharge = PRate * NoODays
OverNightCharge = (DriverOvernighCharge + NightParkingCharge)*(NoODays - 1)
if (NoOkm > allocatedKm) then
ExtraKm = NoOkm - allocatkm
TotalcCost = BaseCharge BaseHireCharge + OverNightChrg + (ExtraKm *
ExtraPerKmRate)
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else
ExtraKm = 0
endif
Display TotalCost
end function
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
An integrated development environment is a software suite that consolidates basic
tools required to write and test software and it is a collection of integrated programs
to write, assemble, execute and depay program.
Developers use numerous tools throughout software code creation, building and
testing. Development tools often include text editors, code libraries, compilers and
test platforms.
Without an IDE, a developer must select, deploy, integrate and manage all of these
tools separately.
An IDE brings many of those development related tools together as a single
framework, application or service
The integrated toolset is designed to simplify software development and can identify
and minimize coding mistakes and typos.
Features of integrated development environment

An IDE typically contains a code editor, a compiler or interpreter, and a
debugger, accessed through a single graphical user interface.

An IDE can also contain features such as programmable editors, object and data
modelling, unit testing, a source code library and build automation tools.
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
An IDE can support model- driven development (MDD). A developer working
with an IDE starts with a model, which the IDE translates in to suitable code.
The IDE then debugs and tests the model – driven code, with a high level of
automation. Once the build is successful and properly tested, it can be deployed
for further testing through the IDE or other tools outside of the IDE.
The use of the Visual Studio IDE for your application development
Visual Studio is an Integrated Development Environment(IDE) developed by
Microsoft to develop GUI(Graphical User Interface), console, Web applications, web
apps, mobile apps, cloud, and web services, etc. With the help of this IDE, you can
create managed code as well as native code. It uses the various platforms of Microsoft
software development software like Windows store, Microsoft Silverlight, and
Windows API, etc. It is not a language-specific IDE as you can use this to write code
in C#, C++, VB(Visual Basic), Python, JavaScript, and many more languages. It
provides support for 36 different programming languages. It is available for Windows
as well as for macOS.
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Activity 4
Main Menu Interface
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Assignment
Vehicle Hiring System
Figure 6 System page 1
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Figure 7 System Page 2
Figure 8 System page 3
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What is Debugging?
Debugging in computer programming and engineering is a multi-step process that
involves identifying a problem, isolating the source of the problem, and then either
correcting the problem or determining a way to work around it. The final step of
debugging is to test the correction or workaround and make sure it works. In software
development the debugging process begins when a developer locates a code error in
a computer program and is able to reproduce it. Debugging is part of the software
testing process and is an integral part of the entire software development lifecycle. In
hardware development, the debugging process typically looks for hardware
components that are not installed or configured correctly.
Debugging Process

Problem identification and report preparation

Assigning the report to software engineer to the defect to verify that it is genuine.

Defect analysis using modeling, documentations, finding and testing candidate
flaws, etc

Defect resolution by making required changes to the system.

Validation of corrections.
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Visual studio IDE for Debugging
Unfortunately, writing code goes hand in hand with creating bugs, we all cause bugs,
it’s one of the inevitable facts of life. This process of solving those bugs is called
Debugging. Debugging comes in many forms stepping through the code with a
debugger v, investigation logs, unit testing ,profiling, and analyzing dumps. As net
developers, our main form of debugging is interactive debugging, with visual studio.
Visual studio is not the only debugger at our disposal. But visual studio is the most
widely used and the focus of this article. Visual studio might seem easy to start with,
but it has a great many features that are crucial to effective debugging. Mastering
visual studio debugging will decrease debugging time and turn you into a more
effective developer.
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FEATURES AVAILABLE IN VISUAL STUDIO IDE FOR DEBUGGING MY
CODE

Breakpoints
It indicates where the running code should look at the values of variables, behavior of
memory, or whether or not a branch of code is being run. and the Breakpoints are
one of the most important debugging techniques in your developer's toolbox.
You set breakpoints wherever you want to pause debugger execution. For
example, you may want to see the state of code variables or look at the call
stack at a certain breakpoint.

Dump file
It is a snapshot that shows the process was execute and modules that were loaded for
a program at a point in time.

Try-catch
Its helps to identify the error when the program is not working. A try catch block is
place around code that could throw an exception.
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Evaluate how the debugging process can be used to help develop more secure,
robust applications.
Debugging is a process of reproducing, isolating, and characterizing “bugs” (defects)
in a system. It is a mitigation after those defects have already been introduced!
At best, we can use analysis of past debugging cycles to inform better engineering
practices and perhaps as research towards developing better tooling to be used in the
process of software design and engineering. However, security and resilience are
features, which need to be part of the design, as well as implementation of software.
Developing higher quality software entails using better quality assurance practices and
enabling your QA to inform your engineering and management decisions and practices.
Adopting test-driving or behavior driving methodology, and tools, which facilitate
them, can be part of that approach. Use of agile or extreme processes can be another.
None of these has anything to do with “debugging.” These are practices, which prevent
the introductions of bugs. They are proactive rather than reactive. After debugging the
best you can do a add regression tests to prevent that big from being re-introduced and
analyze is cause to device more general test cases which might detect similar defects
between introduction and any release process. (Automated regression testing can save
QA time and resources be preventing defective builds from internal release to QA).
Coding standards
C# is about objects, classes, and class methods. The runtime handles memory
management so you do not have to. Your C# code is compiled into an intermediate
language and runs on the .NET platform. It’s a language built around productivity;
therefore, the compiler does many optimizations so you can write clean, readable
code. There are some general standards that fluent C# writers follow.
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1. Casing
Naming is hard. And because it’s hard, we don’t want to confound the issue with
mixed casing. Every language has its own casing standards. To add to the confusion,
many organizations, or even teams, have their own standards. When there’s no
standard in place, you might even see a cornucopia of every naming convention in
just one page of code?I sure have!
There are three casings generally accepted by C# standards:

PascalCase: This is for class names, file names, namespace names, ALL
method names, and public member names.

camelCase: This is used for member names that are not publicly accessible.

UPPER_CASE: You might also think of this as upper snake case. This is only
used for constants.
2. Formatting
We have formatting conventions for C#, just as we do in any programming language.
Formatting has to do with line breaks, indentation, and spacing. True, the IDE will
often help with formatting, but it does not do everything for you
3. “var” Is Your Friend
Using?var is actually a good idea for all those short-lived variables. It not only saves
a lot of redundancy, but it allows for more flexibility in the code. If you can already
see the type based on the variable name, you’re good to go with var! Here are a few
examples of var in practice:
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4. Always Use Access Modifiers
Always use access modifiers! I know I know … the default is sometimes what you
want: “private” for members, “internal” for classes. However, it really does help to be
explicit about this. It shows that you were purposeful in your intent
5. Use Auto Properties
An auto property creates a backing field for you; you just cannot see it or access it. If
you do not need control over the backing field, do not create one. Instead, just use the
auto property (the shortcut is “prop”). It will save a lot of extra code
6. Where to Declare Variables
Declare variables as close as possible to their use. Some languages work better when
you declare all your variables at the start of the function, but the C# compiler does not
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care. It will do the optimal thing no matter where you put the variable. Put the variable
close to its use so you have an easier time refactoring your code. In fact, your IDE
allows you to highlight the section and right-click (or use Ctrl+.) to do some handy
refactoring. If your variable is declared way up top, the refactoring will be overly
complex or even downright impossible.
7. Code File Organization
You should only put one class, interface, strict, or enum in a single file. This makes
the codebase easier to navigate. For this same reason, you should keep your code
organized in folders within the projects.
A project is a collection of files that are related. The namespace should match the
project name and the directory path it’s located in. For example, let’s say you have a
project called Peoples and a Utilities directory (for, you know, utilities). A utility class
to format names would look like this:
8. Use the Aliases, Jack!
All of the primitive types have aliases. String has string. Int32 has int. Int64 has?
Long. There are much more where those came from, and it is the preferred way to
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refer to those types. Use them even if you are calling a method on the type such
as int.Parse.
9. “Using” Is Your Friend!
When you have a disposable type, there’s a great little construct built into the
language: using. It calls Dispose when the program flow leaves the scope. Here’s an
example:
Code standard that I used in my application
 Used comments- Commenting make easy to understand the coding.


proper variable- provide a way of labeling data with a descriptive name
proper control names- names we can easily determine the coding.

proper field names - field names helps to identify and understand easily.
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Reference
1. Ukessays.com. 2021. Event-Driven Programming Features. [online] Available
at:
<https://www.ukessays.com/essays/computer-science/eventdrivenprogramming-features-6167.php> [Accessed 28 December 2021].
2. GeeksforGeeks. 2021. Software Engineering | Debugging - GeeksforGeeks.
[online] Available at: <https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineeringdebugging/> [Accessed 29 December 2021].
3. Khan Academy. 2021. Big-O notation (article) | Algorithms | Khan Academy .
[online] Available at: <https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computerscience/algorithms/asymptotic-notation/a/big-o-notation>
[Accessed
29
December 2021].
4. Coursef.com. 2021. Characteristics Of Event Driven Programming - 12/2021.
[online] Available at: <https://www.coursef.com/characteristics-of-eventdriven-programming> [Accessed 29 December 2021].
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Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria
Achieved
Feedback
LO1 Define basic algorithms to carry out an operation
and outline the process of programming an
application.
P1Provide a definition of what an algorithm is and outline the
process in building an application.
M1Determine the steps taken from writing code to execution.
D1 Evaluate the implementation of an algorithm in a suitable
language. Evaluate the relationship between the written
algorithm and the code variant
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LO2 Explain the characteristics of procedural,
objectorientated and event-driven programming,
conduct an analysis of a suitable Integrated
Development Environment (IDE)
P2Give explanations of what procedural, objectorientated, and
eventdriven paradigms are; their characteristics and the
relationship between them.
M2 Compare and contrast the procedural, object
orientated and event driven paradigms used in given
source code of an application
D2Critically evaluate the source code of an application which
implements the programming paradigms, in terms of the code
structure and characteristics.
LO3Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE.
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P3Write a program that implements an algorithm using an
IDE.
M3Use the IDE to manage the development process of the
program.
D3Evaluate the use of an IDE for development of
applications contrasted with not using an IDE.
LO4 Determine the debugging process and explain
the importance of a coding standard
P4Explain the debugging process and explain the debugging
facilities available in the IDE.
P5Outline the coding standard you have used in your code.
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M4Evaluate how the debugging process can be used to help
develop more secure, robust applications.
D4 Critically evaluate why a coding standard is necessary in
a team as well as for the individual.
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