What factors might make some industries harder to pioneer than others? Are there industries in which there is no penalty for late entry? Industries that utilize a great deal of technology, and natural resources. Some other factors also make it harder to pioneer in those industries e.g. 1. Limited suppliers 2. Complimentary goods 3. Distribution channels and installed base 4. Very high R&D costs Industries where products can be imitated and produce value. E.g. Pharmaceuticals As these innovations of technology can take a long time to create, and time toadapt to as well.