BRAINSTEM and CNs
Important” structures associated with the brainstem
Reticular formation
Red nucleus
Ignore
for now
Cranial nerves / nuclei
Tracts
Control:
Autonomic functions
'
-
'
respiration
cardiovascular / GI function
blood pressure
Movements
•
-
-
muscle tone
postural responses abed for balance
drives central pattern generators
Conscious behaviors and Feelings
'
(
•
connection
to Bb
'
.
consciousness
-
brainstem
directly
motivation
emotion
reward / addiction
pain processing
Divisions:
pg -103 fig
6-2
midbrain
ponb
medulla
Anterior
dorsal / posterior
Tegmentum: reticular formation ON nuclei abbenohng
Ibo me deb bending 1 tracts
Basal portion:
mostly descending traits
,
,
Orange below
,
,
blue
=
together
Reticular Formation pg 241 f- 1912.1
Comprised of Interneurons and nerve fibers throughout the brainstem
.
Reticular formation
Lateral zone: afferent $
pg 242
Thalamus
.
µg
izz
sensory
-
Hypothalamus
-
Medial zone efferent
pg 242
Cerebellum
fig
-
,
→
medial tone
(PAM )
Petbeptlon
-
autonomic function
,
keeping
,
hot , cold
body temp
hungry /
31 motor
:
.
sensory
full
coordination
12.3
Basal Ganglia
-
movement modulation
,
lspeeoung up
Neurotransmitter system
I ventral tegmental
Limbic cortex
area
\
memory
pg 244-247
12.5
pig
Prefrontal cortex1
.
start /
.
Slow down
,
IVTA)
,
-
Stop
move m
.
Loong coeruleus
,
Raphe nuclei
motivation emotion
,
executive functions cognition
12.7
,
12.9
BS 1 Whole Bsl
✓ In
Reticular Formation and Movement
Wakefulness control sleepy LYFT or
“reticular activating system/center”—cells that
-
•
-
-
damage
depends
→
afferent stimuli 1 sensory )
Modification of sensory input
'
gates sensory input
Motor control
"
•
-
"
can reset
ex
:
ok
cortex
coma
on
midbrain 31 upper pans
In
thalamus
→
0M¥
vs
sensory activating
system
interneurons 31 motor neurons of the
your muscle tone
practice
-
performance
proximal
muscles
( balance
control )
Cranial Nerves
I
not
attach [ II
to Brain
III
stem
Olfactory
-
frontal lobe
-
Optic
diencephalon
-
Oculomotor
-
midbrain
attached posterior side
IV
Trochlear
V
Trigeminal
VI
Abducent medial
VII
Facial
VIII
Vestibulocochlear
IX
Glossopharyngeal
X
Vagus
XI
Spinal Accessory
XII
Hypoglossal
-
-
3
branches
-
-
midbrain
pong
puns
-
-
-
-
puns
-
pons
medulla
-
medulla
¥:
-
medulla & 9. b.
medulla
-
i
÷
5
6
>
12
IoT
11
ventral view
8
Lmn located 1h
ons → PNS
nine
Cranial Nuclei
Midbrain #
in brainstem
-
-
I
Pons I II
-
Medulla I. VI
-
XI
Spinal Cord XI
midbrain
ponb
medulla
g.o
.
Cranial Nerves Function
smell
s
I
Olfactory 0h
II
Optic
III
Oculomotor 0h
IV
Trochlear
V
Trigeminal Touch mastication
VI
Abducent And
Oh
To
V16 Ion
-
-
s
muscles )
m 1416 eye
eye movement
→ so )
eye movement 11 muscle
-
( chewing )
-
-
m
sensory of tan
-
Mls
M
X
)
→
eye movement 11 muscle
muscles of
Mlb
of
expressions
Kayal
&
)
213
anterior
tonnage
1
Facial Feel taste
s
Vestibulocochlear very hearing & equal Ibrlum
-7s
swallow
)
&
113
Good
Glossopharyngeal
taste 1 posterior
lounge
SIM
Vagus vagina organs of the neck , chest gut , table
XI
Spinal Accessory so
VII
VIII
IX
XII
LR
-
-
-
-
,
head rotation & shoulder
Hypoglossal Heavenly
toungue movement
shrug
-
m
-
m
Sensory 128
Motor 3461112
Mixed 579 10
I
2
3
4
6
g
78g
12
l
"
spinal
nerve
☒ look @
pg
-109
fig 6.8$