Ex. 1 Choose the correct definition for each word.
Assembly
Prototype
Batch
Layout
Machinery
Warehouse
Workshop
Bottleneck
Down time
Lead time
Backlog
Throughput
Output
Stockout
Shutdown
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
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The act of closing a factory
Machines as a group
Amount of work that hasn’t been done
A building where goods are stored
Anything that delays business
Items are not available
Amount of work that is done
Time between the start and
completion of a production process
The amount of goods produced
First design of a product
A place where things are made
A number of things produced at one
time
The way in which the parts are
arranged
The process of putting the parts of
something together
When the equipment or an
organization is not working
Ex. 2 Choose the correct word
1. A … is the latency between the initiation and completion of a process.
a) lead time
b) down time
c) set up time
2. The inefficiencies brought about by the … often creates delays and higher production
costs.
a) output
b) bottleneck
c) stockout
3. The term … is used to refer to periods when a system is unavailable or not working.
a) lead time
b) set up time c) down time
4. A … is an event that causes inventory to be exhausted.
a) stockout
b) shutdown
c) backlog
5. In general terms, … is the rate of production or the rate at which something is processed.
a) layout
b) throughput
c) output
6. Each … may be assigned a lot number.
a) assembly
b) warehouse
c) batch
7. The semi-finished product moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are
added in sequence until the final … is produced.
a) backlog
b) bottleneck
c) assembly
8. A … is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process.
a) prototype
b) machinery
c) output
9. A … may be a room, rooms or building which provides both the area
and tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair
of manufactured goods.
a) warehouse
b) machinery
c) workshop
10. After Suzuki and Hero MotoCorp decided to extend their lockdowns by over a week,
Toyota plans to extend its factory … by another 10 days.
a) throughput
b) shutdown
c) output
11. Plant … can be defined as a technique of locating machines, processes and plant services
within the factory.
a) backlog
b) layout
c) warehouse
12. In the … there are cranes and forklifts for moving stored goods, which are usually placed
on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks.
a) assembly
b) workshop
c) warehouse
Ex. 3 Fill in the gap with the correct word. Add endings where necessary.
assembly line, breakdown, maintenance, raw material, batch, failure, machinery, repair,
layout, stock, factory, faulty, workshop, down time, set-up time, warehouse, spare part,
delivery, prototype.
1. A … can be defined functionally as a building in which to store bulk produce or goods
(wares) for commercial purposes.
2. Plant … is a plan for effective utilisation of facilities for the manufacture of products;
involving a most efficient and economical arrangement of machines, materials,
personnel, storage space and all supporting services, within available floor space.
3. … are designed for the sequential organization of workers, tools or machines, and parts.
4. A … is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished products, energy, or
intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products.
5. Frequent … of the equipment and … can lead to the company’s backorders.
6. This … of goods is ready for shipment.
7. The workshop is currently closed for structural … .
8. The power station has been shut down for essential … .
9. Most modern … have large production facilities.
10. … equipment is any type of mechanical or electronic equipment that is dangerous or
unsafe to use.
11. A … is generally used to evaluate a new design to enhance precision by system analysts
and users.
12. … are kept in an inventory and used for the repair or replacement of failed units.
13. The company offers free … to your home.
14. That particular model is not currently in … .
15. Production has been hampered by mechanical … .
16. The machines in this … are outdated and need to be replaced.
17. … refers to the period of time that is required to prepare a machine for its next run.
18. If the product is constantly changing or being modified throughout the process, this also
can cause … .
Ex. 4 Make up phrases
To run
To set up
To maintain
To store
To produce
To assemble
To repair
To ship
To deliver
To design
To package
a) goods in a warehouse
b) a workpiece
c) planes and vehicles
d) faulty equipment
e) a machine
f) a batch of goods to Germany
g) resources at one’s disposal
h) a prototype
i) machinery and keep in good working order
j) equipment for the next operation
k) in small batches
To machine
To lay out
To shut down
To utilize
l) production facilities
m) with a wrapping material
n) a factory for a week
o) a product within 24 hours
Ex. 5 Make up sentences.
1. We can eliminate(manage)
bottlenecks …
2. While out-of-stocks can occur …
3. Last year the millionth truck (came)
rolled off …
4. The factory is planning …
5. They have developed …
6. These workshops were built …
7. A conventional definition of lead time
in a supply chain management context
is …
8. No production process can produce
the maximum output forever
because…
9. Predicting machine downtime can
help avoid maintenance delays and …
10. Automakers in Detroit announced a …
© Дудиков М.Ю.
…machines need to be repaired and
maintained, and employees take vacation
days.
…to increase output to 7000 cars a year.
…by adding more resources and minimizing
down time.
…complete factory shutdown in the U.S.,
Mexico and Canada until at least March 30.
…to house heavy machinery.
…the assembly line.
…along the entire supply chain, the most
visible kind are retail out-of-stocks in the fastmoving consumer goods industry.
…a working prototype for a modern bicycle.
…the time from the moment the customer
places an order to the moment it is ready for
delivery. …this time can be used for
enhancing manufacturing throughput instead.
Ex. 6 Edit the translation.
•
Equipment downtime can
significantly impact the rate of
manufacturing throughput and it is
important for manufacturers to choose
a solution with real-time downtime
visibility, which can help request and
receive quick assistance. With the
automation of factory processes,
manufacturers can easily increase the
final throughput and improve the
quality of both the product and
working conditions.
• Время простоя оборудования может
существенно повлиять на
производительность производства, и
производителям важно выбрать решение с
отслеживанием времени простоя, которое
может помочь запросить и получить
быструю помощь. Благодаря
автоматизации производственных
процессов производители могут легко
увеличить конечную производительность
и улучшить качество продукции и условий
труда.
•
An icon of the Industrial Revolution
broke onto the scene in the early
1700s, when Thomas Newcomen
designed the prototype for the first
modern steam engine. Called the
“atmospheric steam engine,”
Newcomen’s invention was originally
• Символ промышленной революции
появился в начале 1700-х годов, когда
Томас Ньюкомен разработал прототип
первой современной паровой машины.
Изобретение Ньюкомена, получившее
название «атмосферный паровой
двигатель», первоначально применялось
•
applied to power the machines used to
pump water out of mine shafts.
Assuming no loss of time when
moving a car from one station to
another, the longest stage on the
assembly line determines
the throughput (20 minutes for the
engine installation) so a car can be
produced every 20 minutes, once the
first car taking 35 minutes has been
produced.
для привода машин, используемых для
откачки воды из шахтных стволов.
• Предполагая отсутствие потери времени
при перемещении автомобиля с одной
станции на другую, самый длинный этап
на сборочной линии определяет
пропускную способность (20 минут для
установки двигателя), поэтому автомобиль
может производиться каждые 20 минут,
если первая машина занимает 35 минут.
минут было произведено.
Ex. 7 Read and translate the text.
A factory, manufacturing plant or a production plant is an industrial site, often a complex
consisting of several buildings filled with machinery (workshops or a shop floor), where
workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another. The
factory layout is a critical part of modern economic production. The majority of the
world's goods are created or processed within factories.
Mass production involves making many copies of products, very quickly, using assembly line
techniques to send products to workers who each work on an individual step, rather than having
a worker work on a whole product from start to finish.
Most modern factories have large warehouses or warehouse-like facilities that contain raw
materials and heavy equipment used for assembly line production. An assembly line is
a manufacturing process in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semifinished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the components are added in
sequence until the final assembly is produced. For example, operations along the production line
could include assembly, painting, drying, testing, and packaging. If needed, some parts can be
removed from the production line and stored as semi-finished goods. Large factories tend to be
located with access to multiple modes of transportation, with some having rail, highway and
water loading and unloading facilities.
Factories may either make discrete products or some type of continuously produced material,
such as chemicals, pulp and paper, or refined oil products. Factories manufacturing chemicals
are often called plants and may have most of their equipment – tanks, pressure vessels, chemical
reactors, cranes, pumps and piping – outdoors and operated from control rooms.
Discrete products may be final goods, or parts and sub-assemblies which are made into final
products elsewhere. Factories may be supplied parts from elsewhere or make them from raw
materials. Continuous production industries typically use heat or electricity to transform streams
of raw materials into finished products.
In the manufacturing environment it is also very important to take into account such aspects as
lead time, down time, setup time, backlogs, bottlenecks, overstocks or stockouts.
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