Channels of communication The medium, means, manner, or procedure used to send a message to its intended recipient is referred to as a communication channel. The three main types of communication are written, spoken orally, electronic, and multimedia. Business communications through those channels can be formal, informal, or unofficial. Lastly, communication can be extensive or limited. The quantity and speed of information that can be sent are referred to as channel richness. Face-to-face communication is extremely rich since it enables the transmission of information and instant feedback. Information moves in an organization in all directions, including sideways. Communication is the term used to describe this information exchange. The information flow within an organization or between organizations is referred to as going through communication channels. A manager acts as the connection in this chain of communication. Depending on the manager's position in the communication web, decisions and directives can flow up, down, or sideways. Types of communication channels Formal communication Informal communication Unofficial communication Formal communication channels Information such as an organization's objectives, policies, and procedures are communicated through a formal communication channel. This kind of channel for communication uses a chain of command for messages. This implies that information is passed down from a manager to his subordinates, who then pass it on to the staff member below them. A company's newsletter is an illustration of a formal communication channel because it clearly outlines the objectives and aims of the business for both clients and staff. Information about memos, reports, orders, and scheduled meetings is also transferred along the chain of command. Formal communication channels include a business strategy, customer satisfaction surveys, yearly reports, an employer's manual, and review meetings. Informal communication channels There is always a network of informal contact within a formal working setting. There is a communication route outside of this web since the rigorous web of communication cannot operate effectively on its own. A smart manager must strike the right balance between the formal and informal communication channels, even though this type of channel may upset the hierarchy. Lunchtime at the company canteen is an illustration of a casual communication channel. Discussions among the staff members are encouraged here in a casual setting. Another example of an informal communication route is managers strolling about and dealing directly with employee issues. Quality circles , teamwork, and different training programs are outside of the chain of command and so fall under the category of informal communication channels. Unofficial communication channels Effective managers will be aware that interpersonal communication occurs in the workplace on occasion. Employees may debate the meeting minutes, but they may also talk about sports, politics, or TV series. The "grapevine" is the unofficial conduit within an organization. Rumors are spread through the grapevine. Additionally, those having "grapevine" conversations frequently establish groups, which results in friendships outside of the organization. While information passing through the grapevine may have good effects, it is more often than not overblown and may frighten the staff unnecessarily. A good manager should be aware of the information being spread through this unauthorized channel of communication and should take proactive steps to stop the spread of incorrect information. Among-employee social meetings are an illustration of an unauthorized communication channel.
