Study Guide Resources for Topic 1 Reading assignments and citations: Textbook: Biology Concepts and Investigations by Marielle Hoefnagels; second edition McGraw Hill ISBN 978-0-07-340347-2 Textbook readings are listed by page numbers only. Alternate online readings are listed as URL links. Textbook: Discover Biology; by Singh -Cundy and Shin. W.W. Norton and Company; 6th edition ISBN 978-0-393-93672-8. Textbook readings are listed by page numbers only. Alternate online readings are listed as URL links. Read: Discover Biology pages 15, 64-66, 460, 431, 153, 97-99, 292-297, 746-749, 590-593, 760-761 and assigned web readings. I. MANY FACTORS DETERMINE THE EARTH’S CLIMATIC REGIONS (Biology Concepts and Investigations pgs 786-799) 1. Define weather. 2. Define climate. http://eo.ucar.edu/basics/index.html 3. Describe how the earth’s tilted axis, the uneven heating of the earth, seasons, the earth’s rotation, air and ocean currents, weather, and climate are interrelated. http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/cli_seasons.html&edu=mid Biology Concepts and Investigations pgs 786-787 4. Describe El Niño and La Niña and their effects on the weather. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/climate/El_NinoPublic.pdf Biology Concepts and Investigations pgs 798-799. 5. Explain the importance of ocean currents to nutrient cycles and productivity. http://www.ecn.ac.uk/Education/factors_affecting_climate.htm Biology Concepts and Investigations pgs 796-797 II. HUMAN ACTIVITIES ARE CAUSING RAPID MODIFICATIONS OF THE CLIMATE 1. Define pH. http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html Biology Concepts and Investigations pgs 29-30 2. Describe ocean acidification. http://www.whoi.edu/OCB-OA/page.do?pid=112076 Biology Concepts and Investigations pg 811, 744 & 798 3. Describe the interplay of ocean pH and calcium availability to aquatic organisms. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F Biology Concepts and Investigations pg 811 4. Define climate change. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/ Biology Concepts and Investigations pg 809-811 5. List the major greenhouse gases. http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2010/finalwebsite/background/globalwarming/definiti on.html http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/grnhse.html Biology Concepts and Investigations pg 808-810 6. Define carbon sink. 7. Describe the role of carbon sinks in controlling the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Carbon_sink.html Biology Concepts and Investigations pg 774 8. Identify the causes, the role of human activity, and the environmental effects of global warming http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090804071400.htm Biology Concepts and Investigations pg 809-811